1.E+0l iii 0 Z 1.E+00 ::::> ~ z 0 :::; ..., ~ ex: w ~ 1.E-01 w u z c3 w w ~
1.E-02
1.E-03 1 Figure C-6. Hard Alpha Exceedan ce Curves - Billet Zoned AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional #1 FBH
--- ,___
~i-,,.., 10 ~r .............
100 , ....
..., i\ , ;'I\ L 1000
DEFECT AREA (SQ MILS) . .
'\ ' \ \ ' ....... l"'o,, ...
- - 10000
- i"' 100000 4/17/23 AC 33.70-3 Appendix C Figure C-6. Hard Alpha Exceedance Curves - Billet Zoned AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional #1 FBH C-8
Appendix C Table C-2. Tabular Data – Anomaly Distribution Curves (F igure C-1 through Figure C-6) Area Sq.
mils Billet zoned inspection to:
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #3 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #2 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #1 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #3 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #2 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #1 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
3.9 8.11E+00 8.08E+00 7.88E+00 7.91E+00 7.89E+00 7.77E+00
4.2 7.93E+00 7.89E+00 7.69E+00 7.73E+00 7.71E+00 7.58E+00
4.4 7.75E+00 7.71E+00 7.51E+00 7.55E+00 7.53E+00 7.41E+00
4.7 7.57E+00 7.54E+00 7.34E+00 7.37E+00 7.35E+00 7.23E+00
4.9 7.40E+00 7.37E+00 7.17E+00 7.20E+00 7.18E+00 7.06E+00
5.2 7.23E+00 7.20E+00 7.00E+00 7.04E+00 7.01E+00 6.89E+00
5.5 7.07E+00 7.04E+00 6.84E+00 6.87E+00 6.85E+00 6.73E+00
5.8 6.91E+00 6.88E+00 6.68E+00 6.71E+00 6.69E+00 6.57E+00
6.2 6.75E+00 6.72E+00 6.52E+00 6.55E+00 6.53E+00 6.41E+00
6.5 6.60E+00 6.56E+00 6.36E+00 6.40E+00 6.38E+00 6.25E+00
6.9 6.45E+00 6.41E+00 6.21E+00 6.25E+00 6.23E+00 6.10E+00
7.3 6.30E+00 6.26E+00 6.07E+00 6.10E+00 6.08E+00 5.96E+00
7.7 6.15E+00 6.12E+00 5.92E+00 5.95E+00 5.93E+00 5.81E+00
8.2 6.01E+00 5.98E+00 5.78E+00 5.81E+00 5.79E+00 5.67E+00
8.7 5.87E+00 5.84E+00 5.64E+00 5.67E+00 5.65E+00 5.53E+00
9.2 5.74E+00 5.70E+00 5.50E+00 5.54E+00 5.52E+00 5.39E+00
9.7 5.60E+00 5.57E+00 5.37E+00 5.40E+00 5.38E+00 5.26E+00
10.3 5.47E+00 5.44E+00 5.24E+00 5.27E+00 5.25E+00 5.13E+00
10.9 5.34E+00 5.31E+00 5.11E+00 5.15E+00
5.12E+00 5.00E+00
11.5 5.22E+00 5.19E+00 4.99E+00 5.02E+00 5.00E+00 4.88E+00
12.2 5.10E+00 5.06E+00 4.86E+00 4.90E+00 4.88E+00 4.75E+00
12.9 4.98E+00 4.94E+00 4.74E+00 4.78E+00 4.76E+00 4.63E+00
13.6 4.86E+00 4.83E+00 4.63E+00 4.66E+00 4.64E+00 4.52E+00
14.4 4.74E+00 4.71E+00 4.51E+00 4.54E+00 4.52E+00 4.40E+00
15.2 4.63E+00 4.60E+00 4.40E+00 4.43E+00 4.41E+00 4.29E+00
16.1 4.52E+00 4.49E+00 4.29E+00 4.32E+00 4.30E+00 4.18E+00
17.0 4.41E+00 4.38E+00 4.18E+00 4.21E+00 4.19E+00 4.07E+00
18.0 4.30E+00 4.27E+00 4.07E+00 4.11E+00 4.09E+00 3.96E+00
19.1 4.20E+00 4.17E+00 3.97E+00 4.00E+00 3.98E+00 3.86E+00
20.2 4.10E+00 4.07E+00 3.87E+00 3.90E+00 3.88E+00 3.76E+00 C-9
Appendix C Area Sq.
mils Billet zoned inspection to:
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #3 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #2 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #1 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #3 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #2 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #1 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
21.3 4.00E+00 3.97E+00 3.77E+00 3.80E+00 3.78E+00 3.66E+00
22.6 3.90E+00 3.87E+00 3.67E+00 3.70E+00 3.68E+00 3.56E+00
23.9 3.81E+00 3.77E+00 3.57E+00 3.61E+00 3.59E+00 3.46E+00
25.3 3.71E+00 3.68E+00 3.48E+00 3.51E+00 3.49E+00 3.37E+00
26.7 3.62E+00 3.59E+00 3.39E+00 3.42E+00 3.40E+00 3.28E+00
28.3 3.53E+00 3.50E+00 3.30E+00 3.33E+00 3.31E+00 3.19E+00
29.9 3.44E+00 3.41E+00 3.21E+00 3.25E+00 3.23E+00 3.10E+00
31.7 3.36E+00 3.32E+00 3.13E+00 3.16E+00 3.14E+00 3.02E+00
33.5 3.27E+00 3.24E+00 3.04E+00 3.08E+00 3.05E+00 2.93E+00
35.4 3.19E+00 3.16E+00 2.96E+00 2.99E+00 2.97E+00 2.85E+00
37.5 3.11E+00 3.08E+00 2.88E+00 2.91E+00 2.89E+00 2.77E+00
39.7 3.03E+00 3.00E+00 2.80E+00 2.83E+00 2.81E+00 2.69E+00
42.0 2.95E+00 2.92E+00 2.72E+00 2.76E+00 2.73E+00 2.61E+00
44.4 2.88E+00 2.84E+00 2.65E+00 2.68E+00 2.66E+00 2.54E+00
46.9 2.80E+00 2.77E+00 2.57E+00 2.60E+00 2.58E+00 2.46E+00
49.7 2.73E+00 2.70E+00 2.50E+00 2.53E+00 2.51E+00 2.39E+00
52.5 2.66E+00 2.63E+00 2.43E+00 2.46E+00 2.44E+00 2.32E+00
55.6 2.59E+00 2.56E+00 2.36E+00 2.39E+00 2.37E+00 2.25E+00
58.8 2.52E+00 2.49E+00 2.29E+00 2.32E+00 2.30E+00 2.18E+00
62.2 2.45E+00 2.42E+00 2.22E+00 2.26E+00 2.24E+00 2.11E+00
65.8 2.39E+00 2.35E+00 2.16E+00 2.19E+00 2.17E+00 2.05E+00
69.6 2.32E+00 2.29E+00 2.09E+00 2.13E+00 2.11E+00 1.98E+00
73.7 2.26E+00 2.23E+00 2.03E+00 2.06E+00 2.04E+00 1.92E+00
77.9 2.20E+00 2.17E+00 1.97E+00 2.00E+00 1.98E+00 1.86E+00
82.4 2.14E+00 2.11E+00 1.91E+00 1.94E+00 1.92E+00 1.80E+00
87.2 2.08E+00 2.05E+00 1.85E+00 1.88E+00 1.86E+00 1.74E+00
92.3 2.02E+00 1.99E+00 1.79E+00 1.82E+00 1.80E+00 1.68E+00
97.6 1.96E+00 1.93E+00 1.73E+00 1.77E+00 1.75E+00 1.63E+00 103 1.91E+00 1.88E+00 1.68E+00 1.71E+00 1.69E+00 1.57E+00 109 1.85E+00 1.82E+00 1.62E+00 1.66E+00 1.64E+00 1.52E+00 116 1.80E+00 1.77E+00 1.57E+00 1.61E+00 1.58E+00 1.46E+00 122 1.75E+00 1.72E+00 1.52E+00 1.55E+00 1.53E+00 1.41E+00 C-10
Appendix C Area Sq.
mils Billet zoned inspection to:
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #3 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #2 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #1 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #3 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #2 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #1 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
129 1.70E+00 1.67E+00 1.47E+00 1.50E+00 1.48E+00 1.36E+00 137 1.65E+00 1.62E+00 1.42E+00 1.45E+00 1.43E+00 1.31E+00 145 1.60E+00 1.57E+00 1.37E+00 1.40E+00 1.38E+00 1.26E+00 153 1.55E+00 1.52E+00 1.32E+00 1.36E+00 1.34E+00 1.22E+00 162 1.50E+00 1.47E+00 1.28E+00 1.31E+00 1.29E+00 1.17E+00 171 1.46E+00 1.43E+00 1.23E+00 1.26E+00 1.24E+00 1.12E+00 181 1.41E+00 1.38E+00 1.19E+00 1.22E+00 1.20E+00 1.08E+00 192 1.37E+00 1.34E+00 1.14E+00 1.18E+00 1.16E+00 1.04E+00 203 1.33E+00 1.29E+00 1.10E+00 1.13E+00 1.11E+00 9.94E-01 215 1.28E+00 1.25E+00 1.06E+00 1.09E+00 1.07E+00 9.53E-01 227 1.24E+00 1.21E+00 1.02E+00 1.05E+00 1.03E+00 9.12E-01 240 1.20E+00 1.17E+00 9.76E-01 1.01E+00 9.90E-01 8.73E-01 254 1.16E+00 1.13E+00 9.37E-01 9.70E-01 9.51E-01 8.34E-01 269 1.12E+00 1.09E+00 8.99E-01 9.32E-01 9.12E-01 7.97E-01 284 1.09E+00 1.05E+00 8.62E-01 8.95E-01 8.75E-01 7.60E-01 301 1.05E+00 1.02E+00 8.26E-01 8.58E-01 8.39E-01 7.24E-01 318 1.01E+00 9.80E-01 7.90E-01 8.23E-01 8.03E-01 6.89E-01 337 9.76E-01 9.45E-01 7.55E-01 7.88E-01 7.68E-01 6.55E-01 356 9.41E-01 9.10E-01
7.21E-01 7.54E-01 7.34E-01 6.22E-01 377 9.07E-01 8.76E-01 6.88E-01 7.20E-01 7.01E-01 5.90E-01 399 8.74E-01 8.43E-01 6.56E-01 6.88E-01 6.69E-01 5.58E-01 422 8.41E-01 8.10E-01 6.24E-01 6.56E-01 6.37E-01 5.28E-01 446 8.09E-01 7.78E-01 5.94E-01 6.26E-01 6.06E-01 4.98E-01 472 7.78E-01 7.47E-01 5.64E-01 5.96E-01 5.76E-01 4.69E-01 499 7.48E-01 7.17E-01 5.35E-01 5.66E-01 5.47E-01 4.41E-01 528 7.18E-01 6.87E-01 5.07E-01 5.38E-01 5.19E-01 4.14E-01 559 6.89E-01 6.58E-01 4.79E-01 5.10E-01 4.91E-01 3.88E-01 591 6.60E-01 6.30E-01 4.52E-01 4.83E-01 4.64E-01 3.63E-01 626 6.33E-01 6.02E-01 4.26E-01 4.57E-01 4.38E-01 3.38E-01 662 6.05E-01 5.75E-01 4.01E-01 4.32E-01 4.13E-01 3.15E-01 700 5.79E-01 5.49E-01 3.77E-01 4.07E-01 3.89E-01 2.92E-01 741 5.53E-01 5.23E-01 3.53E-01 3.83E-01 3.65E-01 2.70E-01 C-11
Appendix C Area Sq.
mils Billet zoned inspection to:
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #3 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #2 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #1 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #3 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #2 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #1 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
784 5.28E-01 4.98E-01 3.31E-01 3.60E-01 3.42E-01 2.49E-01 829 5.03E-01 4.74E-01 3.09E-01 3.38E-01 3.20E-01 2.29E-01 877 4.79E-01 4.50E-01 2.87E-01 3.16E-01 2.98E-01 2.10E-01 928 4.56E-01 4.27E-01 2.67E-01 2.95E-01 2.78E-01 1.92E-01 981 4.33E-01 4.04E-01 2.47E-01 2.75E-01 2.58E-01 1.75E-01 1038 4.11E-01 3.82E-01 2.29E-01 2.56E-01 2.39E-01 1.59E-01 1098 3.89E-01 3.61E-01 2.11E-01 2.38E-01 2.21E-01 1.44E-01 1162 3.68E-01 3.40E-01 1.94E-01 2.20E-01 2.03E-01 1.29E-01 1229 3.48E-01 3.20E-01 1.77E-01 2.03E-01 1.87E-01 1.16E-01 1300 3.28E-01 3.01E-01 1.62E-01 1.87E-01 1.71E-01 1.03E-01 1376 3.09E-01 2.82E-01 1.47E-01 1.72E-01 1.56E-01 9.19E-02 1455 2.90E-01 2.64E-01 1.34E-01 1.58E-01 1.42E-01 8.13E-02 1540 2.73E-01 2.46E-01 1.21E-01 1.44E-01 1.29E-01 7.16E-02 1629 2.55E-01 2.29E-01 1.09E-01 1.32E-01 1.17E-01 6.29E-02 1723 2.38E-01 2.13E-01 9.75E-02 1.20E-01 1.05E-01 5.50E-02 1823 2.22E-01 1.97E-01 8.72E-02 1.09E-01 9.47E-02 4.80E-02 1929 2.07E-01 1.82E-01 7.77E-02 9.87E-02 8.49E-02 4.18E-02 2040 1.92E-01 1.68E-01 6.90E-02 8.94E-02 7.59E-02 3.64E-02 2158 1.77E-01
1.54E-01 6.12E-02 8.09E-02 6.77E-02 3.17E-02 2283 1.64E-01 1.41E-01 5.41E-02 7.31E-02 6.04E-02 2.77E-02 2416 1.51E-01 1.29E-01 4.79E-02 6.62E-02 5.38E-02 2.44E-02 2556 1.38E-01 1.17E-01 4.23E-02 6.00E-02 4.79E-02 2.16E-02 2704 1.27E-01 1.06E-01 3.75E-02 5.46E-02 4.28E-02 1.94E-02 2860 1.16E-01 9.56E-02 3.33E-02 4.98E-02 3.83E-02 1.76E-02 3026 1.05E-01 8.59E-02 2.98E-02 4.57E-02 3.45E-02 1.62E-02 3201 9.52E-02 7.69E-02 2.68E-02 4.22E-02 3.13E-02 1.51E-02 3386 8.61E-02 6.85E-02 2.44E-02 3.92E-02 2.86E-02 1.43E-02 3583 7.76E-02 6.08E-02 2.24E-02 3.68E-02 2.64E-02 1.38E-02 3790 6.97E-02 5.38E-02 2.07E-02 3.48E-02 2.46E-02 1.33E-02 4009 6.25E-02 4.74E-02 1.92E-02 3.32E-02 2.32E-02 1.30E-02 4242 5.59E-02 4.16E-02 1.79E-02 3.19E-02 2.20E-02 1.27E-02 4487 4.99E-02 3.65E-02 1.66E-02 3.06E-02 2.09E-02 1.25E-02 C-12
Appendix C Area Sq.
mils Billet zoned inspection to:
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #3 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #2 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #1 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #3 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #2 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #1 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
4747 4.46E-02 3.19E-02 1.55E-02 2.93E-02 1.98E-02 1.22E-02 5022 3.98E-02 2.79E-02 1.45E-02 2.81E-02 1.88E-02 1.19E-02 5313 3.56E-02 2.45E-02 1.36E-02 2.68E-02 1.78E-02 1.17E-02 5621 3.19E-02 2.16E-02 1.28E-02 2.57E-02 1.68E-02 1.14E-02 5946 2.88E-02 1.91E-02 1.21E-02 2.45E-02 1.59E-02 1.12E-02 6290 2.61E-02 1.70E-02 1.15E-02 2.34E-02 1.51E-02 1.09E-02 6655 2.38E-02 1.53E-02 1.10E-02 2.23E-02 1.43E-02 1.07E-02 7040 2.20E-02 1.40E-02 1.06E-02 2.13E-02 1.35E-02 1.05E-02 7448 2.05E-02 1.29E-02 1.03E-02 2.02E-02 1.28E-02 1.02E-02 7879 1.93E-02 1.21E-02 1.00E-02 1.93E-02 1.21E-02 1.00E-02 8335 1.83E-02 1.15E-02 9.78E-03 1.83E-02 1.15E-02 9.78E-03 8818 1.74E-02 1.09E-02 9.57E-03 1.74E-02 1.09E-02 9.57E-03 9329 1.65E-02 1.04E-02 9.36E-03 1.65E-02 1.04E-02 9.36E-03 9869 1.57E-02 9.96E-03 9.15E-03 1.57E-02 9.96E-03 9.15E-03 10440 1.48E-02 9.53E-03 8.95E-03 1.48E-02 9.53E-03 8.95E-03 11045 1.40E-02 9.14E-03 8.75E-03 1.40E-02 9.14E-03 8.75E-03 11685 1.33E-02 8.80E-03 8.56E-03 1.33E-02 8.80E-03 8.56E-03 12361 1.26E-02 8.50E-03 8.37E-03 1.26E-02 8.50E-03 8.37E-03 13077 1.19E-02 8.24E-03 8.18E-03 1.19E-02 8.24E-03 8.18E-03 13834 1.13E-02 8.01E-03 8.00E-03 1.13E-02 8.01E-03 8.00E-03 14636 1.06E-02 7.82E-03 7.82E-03 1.06E-02 7.82E-03 7.82E-03 15483 1.01E-02 7.65E-03 7.65E-03 1.01E-02 7.65E-03 7.65E-03 16380 9.52E-03 7.48E-03 7.48E-03 9.52E-03 7.48E-03 7.48E-03 17328 9.02E-03 7.31E-03 7.31E-03 9.02E-03 7.31E-03 7.31E-03 18332 8.55E-03 7.15E-03 7.15E-03 8.55E-03 7.15E-03 7.15E-03 19393 8.11E-03 6.99E-03 6.99E-03 8.11E-03 6.99E-03 6.99E-03 20516 7.71E-03 6.83E-03 6.83E-03 7.71E-03 6.83E-03 6.83E-03 21704 7.35E-03 6.68E-03 6.68E-03 7.35E-03 6.68E-03 6.68E-03 22961 7.02E-03 6.53E-03 6.53E-03 7.02E-03 6.53E-03 6.53E-03 24291 6.72E-03 6.38E-03 6.38E-03 6.72E-03 6.38E-03 6.38E-03 25698 6.46E-03 6.24E-03 6.24E-03 6.46E-03 6.24E-03 6.24E-03 27186 6.22E-03 6.09E-03 6.09E-03 6.22E-03 6.09E-03 6.09E-03 C-13
Appendix C Area Sq.
mils Billet zoned inspection to:
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #3 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #2 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (>10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #3 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #1 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #3 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #2 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
AMS2628 Class A (5-10 In. Billet) Calibrated to #2 FBH / Forging Conventional Inspection Calibrated to #1 FBH Exceedance / Million lbs.
28760 6.02E-03 5.96E-03 5.96E-03 6.02E-03 5.96E-03 5.96E-03 30426 5.84E-03 5.82E-03 5.82E-03 5.84E-03 5.82E-03 5.82E-03 32188 5.69E-03 5.69E-03 5.69E-03 5.69E-03 5.69E-03 5.69E-03 34052 5.56E-03 5.56E-03 5.56E-03 5.56E-03 5.56E-03 5.56E-03 36024 5.43E-03 5.43E-03 5.43E-03 5.43E-03 5.43E-03 5.43E-03 38110 5.30E-03 5.30E-03 5.30E-03 5.30E-03 5.30E-03 5.30E-03 40317 5.18E-03 5.18E-03 5.18E-03 5.18E-03 5.18E-03 5.18E-03 42652 5.06E-03 5.06E-03 5.06E-03 5.06E-03 5.06E-03 5.06E-03 45121 4.95E-03 4.95E-03 4.95E-03 4.95E-03 4.95E-03 4.95E-03 47734 4.83E-03 4.83E-03 4.83E-03 4.83E-03 4.83E-03 4.83E-03 50499 4.72E-03 4.72E-03 4.72E-03 4.72E-03 4.72E-03 4.72E-03 53423 4.61E-03 4.61E-03 4.61E-03 4.61E-03 4.61E-03 4.61E-03 56517 4.50E-03 4.50E-03 4.50E-03 4.50E-03 4.50E-03 4.50E-03 59790 4.39E-03 4.39E-03 4.39E-03 4.39E-03 4.39E-03 4.39E-03 63252 4.29E-03 4.29E-03 4.29E-03 4.29E-03 4.29E-03 4.29E-03 66915 4.19E-03 4.19E-03 4.19E-03 4.19E-03 4.19E-03 4.19E-03 70790 4.09E-03 4.09E-03 4.09E-03 4.09E-03 4.09E-03 4.09E-03 74890 3.99E-03 3.99E-03 3.99E-03 3.99E-03 3.99E-03 3.99E-03 79227 3.90E-03 3.90E-03 3.90E-03 3.90E-03 3.90E-03 3.90E-03 83815 3.80E-03 3.80E-03 3.80E-03 3.80E-03 3.80E-03 3.80E-03 88668 3.71E-03 3.71E-03 3.71E-03 3.71E-03 3.71E-03 3.71E-03 93803 3.62E-03 3.62E-03 3.62E-03 3.62E-03 3.62E-03 3.62E-03 99235 3.54E-03 3.54E-03 3.54E-03 3.54E-03 3.54E-03 3.54E-03 .
C-14
Appendix D A PPENDIX D. DEFAULT PROBABILITY OF DETECTION APPLICABILITY D.1 Use of Accepted Estimates of the Probability of Detection.
D.1.1 This appendix defines conditions relevant to the use of accepted estimates of the POD.
These estimates are for specific types of anomalies and specific nondestructive evaluations or inspection techniques. Applicants may consider these estimates as default values when applied under appropriately similar conditions. The conditions defined in this appendix do not necessarily guarantee the validity of these POD values. For example, if inspection parameters such as penetrant concentration or temperature are inadequately controlled, the penetrant capability shown in the accompanying graph will not be reached even if the correct penetrant is selected. The FAA recommends using a written plan for controlling and monitoring inspection processes, as described in paragraph D.3.
D.1.2 If the conditions described for each inspection are not satisfied, the resulting inspection capability and reliability will be reduced. Accordingly, the use of default POD values would then be inappropriate and would result in an overly optimistic damage tolerance assessment.
D.2 Demonstrations of Inspection Capability.
For eddy current inspections (ECIs) and ultrasonic inspections, alternative default POD curves are given. Choose the appropriate POD curve based on demonstration that the stated calibration and reject signal levels are attainable on the component being inspected. Ensure that noise and geometrical features do not prevent appropriate POD selection. The demonstration conditions should be appropriate to the properties of the part inspected that may affect the inspection ability, such as surface conditions, depth to be inspected, proximity to edges, etc. No other demonstration of these default capabilities is necessary, as long as the requirements for the specific inspection technique are satisfied (see paragraphs D.3, D.4, D.5, and D.6).
D.3 Restrictions and Applicability.
D.3.1 Inspection Process Control and Performance.
The inspection process must be thoroughly controlled and performed in accordance with acceptable procedures, as defined by the engine standard practices manual. The inspection process must also be consistent with good industrial inspection practices, like those defined by military or industry standards.
D.3.2 Inspection Process Parameters, Plans, and Fixtures.
Written procedures should govern pertinent inspection process parameters, such as coverage, probe indexing, and scanning speeds. Inspection plans and applicable inspection fixtures should be designed to minimize human and other sources of variability.
D-1
Appendix D D.3.3 Inspector Qualifications.
Inspectors must be qualified and trained according to ASNT-TC-1A, ATA-105, or equivalent, and have adequate training in the specific inspection method.
D.3.4 Data Limitations.
The default POD data presented in this AC apply only to titanium alloys used for engine disks and inspected material. Geometrical conditions, such as radii and edges, can create areas where inspections cannot be accomplished. Limitations relative to the depth of penetration and near-surface resolution also exist. Conditions under which the default POD data were acquired are outlined in paragraphs D.4, D.5, and D.6.
Note: Manufacturers should seek advice about the equivalence of alternative conditions from those with expertise in nondestructive evaluation (NDE). Areas of high compressive, residual stress can have negative effects on the capability of various NDE techniques, most notably penetrant inspection.
D.3.5 Applicability of Default POD Data.
Applicability of the default POD data is limited to components exhibiting no abnormal surface conditions, and have been properly cleaned per each shop manual’s requirements. No other special pre-inspection cleaning or polishing is required.
D.4 Restrictions and Applicability: Eddy Current Inspection (ECI).
D.4.1 Overview of ECI.
ECI is an inspection technique suitable for detecting surface or near-surface anomalies.
For purposes of this AC, it is primarily intended for application to engine-run components. The default POD data were acquired under the following conditions:
1. Probes containing absolute coils with inspection frequency in the 2-6 MHz range.
2. Probe fixtures capable of following surface contours on the component being inspected with adequate control of attitude, lift-off, and scan indexing. The scan direction was parallel with any uniform feature changes.
3. Provision was made for automatic recording of inspection process signals or automated alarm, or both, when the inspection threshold was exceeded.
D.4.2 Selection of Appropriate POD Curve.
The default POD data apply to surface-connected, low-cycle, fatigue cracks. Note the following criteria:
1. Cracks are assumed to have a 2:1 aspect ratio (length:depth).
2. Crack sizes are expressed in terms of the length at the surface.
3. Cracks must not be obscured by oxide, contaminants, etc.
4. Inspected surfaces should be flat or only moderately curved.
D-2
D.6 4/17/23 D.5 D.5.1 D.5.2 D.6.1 AC 33.70-3 Appendix D Choosing the approp riate POD curve from those provided must be based on component demonstration of the attainable inspection sensitivity (see paragraph D.2).
Restrictions and Applicability: Penetrant Inspection.
Overview of Penetrant Inspection.
Penetrant inspection is an inspection technique suitable for detecting anomalies that are open to the inspected surface. For the purposes of this AC, it is primarily intended for application to engine-run components. The default POD data were acquired under the following conditions:
1. Fluorescent penetrants qualified as level 4 by SAE AMS2644, or equivalent, and used with dry powder developer, as a minimum.
2. Application of penetrant and developer was automated for each standard practice (see ASTM E 1417 and SAE AMS2647).
3. Manipulation of the part was possible to present to the inspector an unrestricted view of the surface to be inspected.
Selection of Appropriate POD Curve.
The default POD data apply to surface-connected, low-cycle, fatigue cracks. Note the following:
1. Cracks are assumed to have a 2:1 aspect ratio (length:depth).
2. Crack sizes are expressed in terms of the length at the surface.
3. Cracks must not be hidden by oxide, contaminants, etc.
4. Inspected surfaces should be readily visible.
Choosing the appropriate POD curve from those provided must be based on whether focused or full-field inspection conditions apply, see figure E-1 and appendix F.
Restrictions and Applicability: Ultrasonic Inspection.
Overview of Ultrasonic Inspection.
Ultrasonic inspection is an inspection technique suitable for detecting subsurface anomalies. For purposes of this AC, it is intended for application to billet and enginerun components. The default POD data were acquired under the following conditions:
1. 5 MHz inspection frequency.
2. Water immersion, inspection conditions.
3. Normal incidence, longitudinal, wave mode for inspection of billet using single 0.5- inch x 1.0-inch cylindrically focused transducer.
4. Shear wave mode for inspection of finish-machined components using 0.75-inch diameter, spherically focused transducer.
D-3
Appendix D
5. Transduce r (search unit) fixture was capable of following surface contours of the component being inspected with adequate control of attitude and scan indexing.
6. Provision was made for automatic recording of the inspection process signals or automated alarm, or both, when the inspection threshold was exceeded.
D.6.2 Selection of Appropriat e POD Curve.
For ultrasonic inspection, the default POD data apply to mixtures of anomalies typical of those that may be found in billet or engine-run material, as appropriate. These anomalies include, for example:
•
Hard alpha associated voids or cracks.
•
Strain induced porosity.
Note the following obser vations:
1. Other anomaly types may occur, such as high-density inclusions, but these are not included in the current analysis.
2. Anomaly sizes are expressed in terms of maximum cross-sectional area perpendicular to the sound beam, including associated diffusion zones where appropriate.
3. Inspected finish-machined surfaces should be flat or only moderately curved.
4. Billets should be circular-cylindrical and in customary pre-inspection conditions (turned, ground, or peeled).
Choosing the appropriate POD curve from those provided must be based on component demonstration of the attainable inspection sensitivity (see paragraph D.2). Making provisions to maintain this sensitivity at all depths and effective distance amplitude compensation is required.
D-4
Appendix E APPENDIX E. DEFAULT POD CURVES E.1 Default POD Curves.
The following default POD curves apply to this AC.
•
Figure E-1. POD for Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection of Finish-Machined Surface.
• Figure E-2. Mean (50 Percent Confidence) POD for Ultrasonic Inspection of Field Components, #1 FBH (1/64 In. Diameter) Calibration.
• Figure E-3. Mean (50 Percent Confidence) POD for Ultrasonic Inspection of Field Components, #2 FBH (2/64 In. Diameter) Calibration.
• Figure E-4. Mean (50 Percent Confidence) POD for Ultrasonic Inspection of Field Components, #3 FBH (3/64 In. Diameter) Calibration.
• Figure E-5. Mean (50 Percent Confidence) POD for Eddy Current Inspection of Finish Machined Components.
E.2 Reserved.
E-1