AC 39-8A Appendix D Table D-5 - Uncontained Blade Hazard Ratios (LPC and HPC)
LPC HPC L3 !L4 ' L5 IL3 IL4 ;L5 Total Total Events Events HR Events HR , Events HR Events Events HR Events HR : Events HR CAAM 1 (1982-1991) Turboprop LBPR HBPR 2 CAAM 2 (1992-2000) Turboprop LBPR 1 HBPR * CAAM 3 (2001-2012) Turboprop LBPR HBPRI o 1 Combined + Turboprop LBPR 9 HBPR 2 o † The data is combined here for convenience. The user should review the event descriptions and definitions in the CAAM reports for relevance to the particular issue being assessed.
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AC 39-8A Appendix D Table D-6 - Uncontained Blade Hazard Ratios (HPT/IPT and LPT)
HPT / IPT I LPT IL3 |L4 : L5 IL3 ¡L4 :L5 Events | Events Events | Events Events Events HR Events HR : Events HR CAAM 1 (1982-1991) Turboprop 6‡ 10 O LBPR 2 36 7 HBPR 38 CAAM 2(1992-2000) Turboprop 1‡ LBPR HBPR 56 1 0.02 CAAM 3 (2001-2012).
Turboprop LBPR HBPRI 2 17 Combined t Turboprop LBPR 5 HBPR 5 111 Note: Hazard ratios were not calculated by rotor type in the CAAM 1 report and are not shown in the CAAM 1 section of the table.
† The data is combined here for convenience. The user should review the event descriptions and definitions in the CAAM reports for relevance to the particular issue being assessed.
‡ The CAAM 1 and CAAM 2 reports collected IPT blade events separately. There was one turboprop IPT blade event in each report that was combined with the HPT events.
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AC 39-8A Appendix D Table D-7 - Uncontained 'Other" Hazard Ratios (Fan and HPC) Fan HPC L3 iL4 : L5 ¡L3 |L4 :L5 Total Events | Events | Events | Events Events Events HR Events HR : Events HR CAAM 1 (1982-1991) Turboprop LBPR HBPR CAAM 2 (1992-2000) Turboprop NA NA NA NA NA NA NA LBPR HBPR 0.5 CAAM 3 (2001-2012) Turboprop NA NA NA NA NA NA NA LBPR HBPRI 6 0.17 2 0.5 0.5 Combined t Turboprop LBPR 0.167 HBPR 8 2 0.250 0.333 0.333 + The data is combined here for convenience. The user should review the event descriptions and definitions in the CAAM reports for relevance to the particular issue being assessed.
D-8
AC 39-8A Appendix D Table D-8 - Uncontained 'Other" Hazard Ratios (HPT and LPT/PT)
HPT LPT/PT L3 IL4 L5 İL3 IL4 :L5 Total Total Events | Events Events | Events Events| Events HR Events HR Events HR CAAM 1 (1982-1991) Turboprop 2 LBPR HBPR 4 CAAM 2 (1992-2000) Turboprop 1 LBPR HBPR CAAM 3 (2001-2012, Turboprop LBPR * * HBPRI 2 Combinedt Turboprop З LBPR HBPR 8 1 0.125 2 0.286 ;
"Other" includes spinners, cooling plates, spacers, and air seals.
Note: Hazard ratios were not calculated by rotor type in the CAAM 1 report and are therefore not shown in the CAAM 1 section of the table.
† The data is combined here for convenience. The user should review the event descriptions and definitions in the CAAM reports for relevance to the particular issue being assessed D-9
AC 39-8A Appendix D D.5 Failure Condition: Fire Zone Fire.
D.5.1 In previous CAAM work this category “Fire Zone Fire” was referred to as "Under-Cowl Fire". The CAAM made this change to recognize that in some installations it is possible to have a fire in an area under a cowl, but not in a fire zone with the recognition that the specifics of where a fire occurs can influence the hazard it presents. To provide a more accurate description of what the dataset contains, CAAM decided to adopt the "Fire Zone Fire" nomenclature. There is not a one-to-one correlation between the historically published data and the present data. Familiarization with the prior work will help add context to currently published CAAM work and aid the analyst in understanding progression of the topic.
D.5.2 Tables D-9a and D-9b show the fire events and hazard ratios for fire events based on the latest fire zone fire data collected by CAAM following its definitions and noncollimated.
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AC 39-8A Appendix D
Table D-9a - Fire Zone Fire Data Fire Events – High Bypass Total and by Generation Engine Type All High Bypass 1st Generation HBTHF 2nd Generation HBTF 3rd/4th/5th Generation Hazard Level All 3 4 5 All 3 4 5 All 3 4 5 All 3 4 5 Number of Events by Fire Type Fire Zone Fires 200 5 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 131 3 0 0 69 2 0 0 Total 200 5 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 131 3 0 0 69 2 0 0
Table D-9b - Fire Zone Fire Data Hazard Ratios for Fire Events – High Bypass Total and by Generation Engine Type All High Bypass 1 st Generation HBTF 2 nd Generation HBTF 3rd/4th/5th Generation HBTF Hazard Level 3+4+5 /All 4+5/A ll 5/All 3+4+5 /All 4+5/A ll 5/All 3+4+5 /All 4+5/A ll 5/All 3+4+5 /All 4+5/A ll 5/All Hazard Ratio by Fire Type Fire Zone Fires 5/200 =
0.025 0/5 = * 0/0 = * N/A N/A N/A 3/131 =
0.023 0/3 = * 0/0 = * 2/69 =
0.029 0/2 = * 0/0 = * Total 5/200 =
0.025 0/5 = * 0/0 = * N/A N/A N/A 3/131 =
0.023 0/3 = * 0/0 = * 2/69 =
0.029 0/2 + * 0/0 = * *Hazard ratio not calculated.
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AC 39-8A Appendix D
D.6 Failure Condition: Tailpipe Fire.
A tailpipe fire is defined as a fire within the tailpipe where visible sustained flames exit the tailpipe, including very short duration fires or fires of very small size, such as a candle flame at the centerbody. Engine surge/stall events and events resulting from deicing fluid ingestion are excluded.
Table D-10 - Tailpipe Fire Data † Data was not combined due to the changes in the definition across the three reports, specifically clarification to the HL 3 uncontrolled fire definition may have resulted in some tailpipe fires in the CAAM 3 report being graded differently from CAAM 2.
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AC 39-8A Appendix D D.7 Failure Condition: Case Rupture.
A case rupture is a significant safety event that initiates from a sudden rupture of a highpressure vessel or case with the resultant release of high-pressure gases into the undercowl cavity. Case ruptures resulting from the uncontained release of debris from a rotating component malfunction are excluded. Case ruptures include those events that propagate from fatigue cracks as well as ruptures related to secondary malfunctions
(e.g., flame impingement).
Table D-11 - Case Rupture Hazard Ratios Case Rupture ¡L4 ¡LS Total Events | Events HR Events HR • Events HR CAAM 1 (1982-1991) Turboprop 12 LBPR 21 2 0.19 1‡ * 1‡ HBPR 10 2 0.2 * CAAM 2 (1992-2000) Turboprop LBPR HBPR 7 CAAM 3(2001-2012) Turboprop LBPR HBPR 2 Combined + Turboprop 12 LBPR 27 2 0.148 0.074 ; 1 0.037 HBPR 19 2 0.1050 * 0 * † The data is combined here for convenience. The user should review the event descriptions and definitions in the CAAM reports for relevance to the particular issue being assessed.
Note: The CAAM 1 report did not include L5 as a classification. One L4 event was reclassified as L5 in the original release of AC 39-8, and the classification is preserved here.
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AC 39-8A Appendix D D.8 Failure Condition: Case Burnthrough.
A case burnthrough failure condition is defined as a local case penetration that initiates from local overtemperature of the case external wall due to an internal engine malfunction (e.g., fuel nozzle leakage, internal bearing compartment fires, and titanium fires). Burnthroughs are distinguished from ruptures by their lack of an explosive release of high-pressure gas. A common cause of case burnthrough is localized penetration due to fuel nozzle malfunction. Events involving accessory component cases also contribute to this category. For example, sump fires that propagate internally and result in burnthrough of piping or that initiate gearbox fires fall into this category.
The key aspect, whether in the primary gas path or accessories, is that fire initiates from an internal malfunction and proceeds to burn through a case, tube, or gearbox to reach external regions.
Table D-12 - Case Burnthrough Hazard Ratios † The data is combined here for convenience. The user should review the event descriptions and definitions in the CAAM reports for relevance to the particular issue being assessed.
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AC 39-8A Appendix D D.9 Failure Condition: Multiple-Engine Events.
A multiple-engine event initiation from simultaneous power loss from multiple propulsion systems due to the following:
• Bird ingestion;
• Environmental cause, such as ice, rain, hail, or volcanic ash ingestion;
• Fuel contamination. Sequential power loss and recovery is excluded;
• Complete exhaustion of the airplane fuel reserves;
• Improper management of the airplane fuel system (e.g., tank crossfeed). Sequential power loss and recovery is excluded;
• Improper maintenance (e.g., failure to restore oil system integrity after inspection);
or
• Reasons other than those characterized elsewhere or where the initiating event(s) are unknown. These reasons include unrelated events of engine power loss within the same flight.
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AC 39-8A Appendix D Table D-13 - Multiple-Engine Event (Fuel Related) Hazard Ratios Fuel Contamination Fuel Mismanagement IL3 !L4 L5 IL3 IL4 :L5 Total Total Events | Events HR Events HR , Events HR Events Events HR Events HR : Events HR CAAM 1 (1982-1991) Turboprop LBPR HBPR CAAM 2(1992-2000) Turboprop LBPR 2 HBPR 4 0.25 0.25 : 14 0.07 CAAM 3 (2001-2012) Turboprop O 1.0 1.0 LBPR HBPR 2 0.33 Combined + Turboprop *‡ *‡ LBPR 2 0.500 1 0.5 HBPR 11 0.091 0.091 20 3 0.150:
Fuel Exhaustion | L3 İL4 ;L5 Total Events | Events HR ¡ Events HR ; Events HR CAAM 1 (1982-1991) Turboprop LBPR HBPR CAAM 2 (1992-2000) Turboprop 1.0 1.0 0.2 LBPR 1.0 1.0 2 0.5 HBPR 2 1.0 2 1.0 * CAAM 3 2001-2012) Turboprop 2 1.0 1.0 0.5 LBPR 1.0 1 1.0 HBPR 1.0 6 1.0 * Combined t Turboprop 1.0 1.0 0.286 LBPR 1.0 3 1.0 0.4 HBPR 1.0 8 1.0 * † The data is combined here for convenience. The user should review the event descriptions and definitions in the CAAM reports for relevance to the particular issue being assessed.
‡ Hazard ratios not calculated due to under-reporting of base events.
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AC 39-8A Appendix D Table D-14 - Multiple-Engine Event (Non-Fuel) Hazard Ratios Environmental Maintenance İ L3 ¡L4 : L5 IL3 IL4 :L5 Total Events | Events Events HR | Events Events| Events HR Events HR ; Events HR CAAM 1 (1982-1991) Turboprop 2 LBPR 21 HBPR 44 9 CAAM 2 (1992-2000) Turboprop 12 0.5 0.25 0.17 LBPR 0.63 0.13 0.13 HBPR 36 5 0.14 7 2 0.71 0.43 CAAM 3 (2001-2012).
Turboprop 1‡ 1 1.0 1.0 1.0 LBPR 5‡ 0.2 1.0 1 0.5 HBPRI 53‡ 0.15 0.15 0.019 0.5 1 0.5 Combined t Turboprop Other/Unknown |L3 İL4 :L5 Total Events Events HR | Events HR : Events HR CAAM 1 (1982-1991) Turboprop LBPR *0 HBPR *0
0.09
0.5 HBPR 50 5 0.22 5 0.12 0.02 Combined + Turboprop The event count for all events is likely under-reported.
† The data is combined here for your convenience. The user should review the event descriptions and definitions in the CAAM reports for relevance to the particular issue being assessed.
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