FAA-S-8081-7A25
EXAMINER'S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR - ROTORCRAFT (HELICOPTER) APPLICANT'S NAME ___________________ LOCATION ___________________________ DATE/TIME ___________________________ I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING A. The Learning Process B. Human Behavior C. The Teaching Process D. Teaching Methods E. Critique and Evaluation F. Flight Instructor Characteristics and Responsibilities G. Planning Instructional Activity II. TECHNICAL SUBJECTS A. Aeromedical Factors B. Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance C. Use of Distractions During Flight Training D. Principles of Flight E. Helicopter Flight Controls F. Helicopter Weight and Balance G. Navigation and Flight Planning H. Night Operations I. Regulations and Publications J. Use of Minimum Equipment List K. National Airspace System L. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements III. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION A. Certificates and Documents B. Weather Information C. Operation of Systems D. Performance and Limitations
FAA-S-8081-7A 26 IV. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE
PERFORMED IN FLIGHT Maneuver Lesson V. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES A. Preflight Inspection B. Cockpit Management C. Engine Starting and Rotor Engagement D. Before Takeoff Check VI. AIRPORT AND HELIPORT OPERATIONS A. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals B. Traffic Patterns C. Airport and Heliport Markings and Lighting VII. HOVERING MANEUVERS A. Vertical Takeoff and Landing B. Surface Taxi C. Hover Taxi D. Air Taxi E. Slope Operation VIII. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb B. Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb C. Rolling Takeoff D. Normal and Crosswind Approach E. Steep Approach F. Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing G. Go-Around IX. FUNDAMENTALS OF FLIGHT A. Straight-and-Level Flight B. Level Turns C. Straight Climbs and Climbing Turns D. Straight Descents and Descending Turns
FAA-S-8081-7A27 X. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS A. Rapid Deceleration B. Straight-In Autorotation C. 180° Autorotation XI. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS A. Power Failure at a Hover B. Power Failure at Altitude C. Settling-With-Power D. Low Rotor RPM Recovery E. Antitorque System Failure F. Dynamic Rollover G. Ground Resonance H. Low “G” Conditions I. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions J. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear XII. SPECIAL OPERATIONS A. Confined Area Operation B. Pinnacle/Platform Operation XIII. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES After-Landing and Securing
FAA-S-8081-7A 28 I. AREA OF OPERATION:
FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING NOTE: The examiner shall select at least TASKS E and F.
A. TASK: THE LEARNING PROCESS REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the learning process by describing:
1. The definition and characteristics of learning.
2. Practical application of the laws of learning.
3. Factors involved in how people learn.
4. Recognition and proper use of the various levels of learning.
5. Principles that are applied in learning a skill.
6. Factors related to forgetting and retention.
7. How the transfer of learning affects the learning process.
8. How the formation of habit patterns affects the learning process.
B. TASK: HUMAN BEHAVIOR REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to human behavior by describing:
1. Control of human behavior.
2. Development of student potential.
3. Relationship of human needs to behavior and learning.
4. Relationship of defense mechanisms to student learning and pilot decision making.
5. General rules which a flight instructor should follow during student training to ensure good human relations.
FAA-S-8081-7A29 C. TASK: THE TEACHING PROCESS REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the teaching process by describing:
1. Preparation of a lesson for a ground or flight instructional period.
2. Presentation of knowledge an d skills, including the methods which are suitable in particular situations.
3. Application, by the student, of the knowledge and skills presented by the instructor.
4. Review of the material presented and the evaluation of student performance and accomplishment.
D. TASK: TEACHING METHODS REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of teaching methods by describing:
1. The organization of a lesson, i.e., introduction, development, and conclusion.
2. The lecture method.
3. The guided discussion method.
4. The demonstration-performance method.
5. Computer/video assisted instruction.
E. TASK: CRITIQUE AND EVALUATION REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of critique and evaluation by describing:
1. Purpose and characteristics of an effective critique.
2. Difference between critique and evaluation.
3. Characteristics of effective oral questions and what t ype to avoid.
4. Responses to student questions.
5. Characteristics and development of effective written tests.
6. Characteristics and uses of performance tests, specifically, the FAA practical test standards.
FAA-S-8081-7A 30 F. TASK: FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CHARACTERISTICS AND
RESPONSIBILITIES REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of flight instructor characteristics and responsibilities by describing:
1. Major characteristics and qualifications of a professional flight instructor.
2. Role of the flight instructor in dealing with student stress, anxiety, and psychological abnormalities.
3. Flight instructor's responsibility with regard to student pilot supervision and surveillance.
4. Flight instructor's authority and responsibility for endorsements and recommendations.
5. Flight instructor's responsibility in the conduct of the required FAA flight review.
G. TASK: PLANNING INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to the planning of instructional activity by describing:
1. Development of a course of training.
2. Content and use of a training syllabus.
3. Purpose, characteristics, proper use, and items of a lesson plan.
4. Flexibility features of a course of training, syllabus, and lesson plan required to accommodate students with varying backgrounds, levels of experience, and ability.
FAA-S-8081-7A31 II. AREA OF OPERATION:
TECHNICAL SUBJECTS NOTE: The examiner shall select TASK L and at least one other TASK.
A. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS REFERENCES: AC 61-21; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to aeromedical factors by describing:
1. Hypoxia, its symptoms, effects, and corrective action.
2. Hyperventilation, its symptoms, effects, and corrective action.
3. Middle ear and sinus problems, their causes, effects, and corrective action.
4. Spatial disorientation, its causes, effect s, and corrective action.
5. Motion sickness, its causes, effects, and corrective action.
6. Effects of alcohol and drugs, and their relationship to safety.
7. Carbon monoxide poisoning, its symptoms, effects, and corrective action.
8. How evolved gas from scuba diving can affect a pilot during flight.
9. Fatigue, its effects and corrective action.
B. TASK: VISUAL SCANNING AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23, AC 90-48; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to visual scanning and collision avoidance by describing:
1. Relationship between a pilot's physical or mental condition and vision.
2. Environmental conditions and optical illusions that affect vision.
3. “See and avoid” concept.
4. Practice of “time sharing” of attention inside and outside the cockpit.
5. Proper visual scanning technique.
6. Relationship between poor visual scanning habits, aircraft speed differential, and increased collision risk.
7. Appropriate clearing procedures.
8. Situations which involve the greatest collision risk.
FAA-S-8081-7A 32 C. TASK: USE OF DISTRACTIONS DURING FLIGHT
TRAINING REFERENCE: AC 61-67.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to use of distractions during flight training by describing:
1. Flight situations where pilot distraction can be a causal factor related to aircraft accidents.
2. Selection of realistic distractions for specific flight situations.
3. Relationship between division of attention and flight instructor use of distractions.
4. Difference between proper use of distractions and harassment.
D. TASK: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT REFERENCE: AC 61-13.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to principles of flight by describing:
1. Characteristics of different rotor systems.
2. Effect of lift, weight, thrust, and drag during various flight maneuvers.
3. Retreating blade stall.
4. Torque effect.
5. Dissymmetry of lift.
6. Blade flapping and coning.
7. Coriolis effect.
8. Translating tendency.
9. Translational lift.
10. Transverse flow effect.
11. Pendular action.
E. TASK: HELICOPTER FLIGHT CONTROLS REFERENCE: AC 61-13.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to flight controls of the helicopter used for the practical test by describing:
1. Collective pitch control.
2. Cyclic pitch control.
3. Anti-torque control.
FAA-S-8081-7A33
4. Throttle control.
FAA-S-8081-7A 34 F. TASK: HELICOPTER WEIGHT AND BALANCE REFERENCES: AC 61-13; Helicopter Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to weight and balance by describing:
1. Weight and balance terms.
2. Effect of weight and balance on performance.
3. Determination of total weight, center of gravity (longitudinal and lateral), and changes that occur when adding, removing, or shifting weight.
G. TASK: NAVIGATION AND FLIGHT PLANNING REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to navigation and flight planning by describing:
1. Terms used in navigation.
2. Features of aeronautical charts.
3. Importance of using proper and current aeronautical charts.
4. Identification of various types of airspace.
5. Method of plotting a course, selection of fuel stops and alternates, and appropriate actions in the event of unforeseen situations.
6. Fundamentals of pilotage and dead reckoning.
7. Fundamentals of radio navigation.
8. Diversion to an alternate.
9. Lost procedures.
10. Computation of fuel requirement.
11. Importance of preparing and properly using a flight log.
12. Importance of a weather check and the use of good judgment in making a “go/no-go” decision.
13. Purpose of, and procedure used in, filing a flight plan.
FAA-S-8081-7A35 H. TASK: NIGHT OPERATIONS REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23; AIM; FAA-S-8081-15.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to night operations by describing:
1. Factors related to night vision, disorientation, and optical illusions.
2. Weather considerations specific to night operations.
3. Preflight inspection, including windshield and window cleanliness.
4. Proper adjustment of interior lights, including availability of flashlight.
5. Use of position and anticollision lights prior to, during, and after engine start.
6 Hover taxiing and orientation on an airport or heliport.
7 Takeoff and climb-out.
8. Inflight orientation.
9. Importance of verifying the helicopter's attitude by visual references and flight instruments.
10. Recovery from critical flight attitudes by visual references and flight instruments.
11. Emergencies such as electrical failure, engine malfunction, and emergency landings.
12. Traffic patterns.
13. Approaches and landings with and without landing lights.
I. TASK: REGULATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS REFERENCES: FAR Parts 1, 61, 91; NTSB Part 830; AC 00-2;
AIM, Helicopter Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to pertinent regulations and publications, their purpose, general content, availability, and method of revision, by describing:
1. FAR Parts 1, 61, and 91.
2. NTSB Part 830.
3. Flight information publications.
4. Practical Test Standards.
5. Helicopter Flight Manual (as applicable).
FAA-S-8081-7A 36 J. TASK: USE OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST REFERENCE: FAR Part 91.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to use of a minimum equipment list by describing:
1. Difference between a master minimum equipment list (MMEL) and a minimum equipment list (MEL).
2. Operations that require use of an MEL.
3. Limitations and exceptions imposed on aircraft operations with inoperative instruments or equipment.
4. Requirements for letter of authorization from FAA Flight Standards District Office.
5. Supplemental type certificate.
6. Situations requiring a special flight permit.
7. Procedures for deferring maintenance on aircraft without an approved MEL.
K. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM REFERENCES: FAR Part 91; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to the national airspace system by describing:
1. General dimensions and operating requirements of airspace classes.
2. Operating limitations associated with controlled, uncontrolled, special use, and other airspace.
L. TASK: LOGBOOK ENTRIES AND CERTIFICATE
ENDORSEMENTS REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; AC 61-65, AC 61-98.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to logbook entries and certificate endorsements by describing:
1. Required logbook entries for instruction given.
2. Required student pilot certificate endorsements, including appropriate logbook entries.
3. Preparation of a recommendation for a pilot practical test, including appropriate logbook entry.
4. Required endorsement of a pilot logbook for the satisfactory completion of an FAA flight review.