FAA-S-8081-181-1 I. AREA OF OPERATION:
FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING NOTE: The examiner will select TASK F and at least one other TASK.
A. TASK: THE LEARNING PROCESS REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the learning process by describing:
1. The definition and characteristics of learning.
2. Practical application of the laws of learning.
3. Factors involved in how people learn.
4. Recognition and proper use of the various levels of learning.
5. Principles that are applied in learning a skill.
6. Factors of forgetting and retention.
7. How the transfer of learning affects the learning process.
8. How the formation of habit patterns affects the learning process.
B. TASK: HUMAN BEHAVIOR REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of human behavior by describing:
1. Control of human behavior.
2. Development of student potential.
3. Relationship of human needs to behavior and learning.
4. Relationship of defense mechanisms to student learning and pilot decision making.
5. General rules which a flight instructor should follow during student training to ensure good human relations.
FAA-S-8081-18 1-2 C. TASK: THE TEACHING PROCESS REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the teaching process by describing:
1. Preparation of a lesson for a ground or flight instructional period.
2. Presentation of knowledge and skills, including the methods which are suitable in particular situations.
3. Application, by the student, of the knowledge and skills presented by the instructor.
4. Review of the material presented and the evaluation of student performance and accomplishment.
D. TASK: TEACHING METHODS REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of teaching methods by describing:
1. The organization of a lesson, i.e., introduction, development, and conclusion.
2. The lecture method.
3. The guided discussion method.
4. The demonstration-performance method.
5. Computer/video assisted instruction.
E. TASK: CRITIQUE AND EVALUATION REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of critique and evaluation by describing:
1. Purpose and characteristics of an effective critique.
2. Difference between critique and evaluation.
3. Characteristics of effective oral questions and what type to avoid.
4. Responses to student questions.
5. Characteristics and development of effective written tests.
6. Characteristics and uses of performance tests, specifically, the FAA practical test standards.
FAA-S-8081-181-3 F. TASK: FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CHARACTERISTICS AND
RESPONSIBILITIES REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of flight instructor characteristics and responsibilities by describing:
1. Characteristics and qualifications of a professional flight instructor.
2. Role of the flight instructor in dealing with student stress, anxiety, and psychological abnormalities.
3. Flight instructor's responsibility with regard to student pilot supervision and surveillance.
4. Flight instru ctor's authority and responsibility for endorsements and recommendations.
5. Flight instructor's responsibility in the conduct of the required FAA flight review.
G. TASK: PLANNING INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of planning instructional activity by describing:
1. Development of a course of training.
2. Content and use of a training syllabus.
3. Purpose, characteristics, proper use, and items of a lesson plan.
4. Flexibility features of a course of training, syllabus, and lesson plan required to accommodate students with varying backgrounds, levels of experience, and ability.
FAA-S-8081-18 1-4 II. AREA OF OPERATION:
TECHNICAL SUBJECTS A. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS REFERENCES: AC 61-21; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of aeromedical factors by describing:
1. Hypoxia, its symptoms, effects, and corrective action.
2. Hyperventilation, its symptoms, effects, and corrective action.
3. Middle ear and sinus problems, their causes, effects, and corrective action.
4. Effects of alcohol and drugs, and their relationship to safety.
5. How evolved gas from scuba diving can affect a pilot during flight.
6. Fatigue, its effects and corrective action.
B. TASK: VISUAL SCANNING AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 90-48; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of visual scanning and collision avoidance by describing:
1. Relationship between a pilot's physical or mental condition and vision.
2. Practice of “time sharing” of attention inside and outside the basket.
3. Appropriate visual scanning techniques.
4. Importance of controlling ascents and descents.
5. Situations which involve the greatest collision risk.
FAA-S-8081-181-5 C. TASK: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT REFERENCES: How To Fly A Balloon; Balloon Digest.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the principles of flight by describing:
1. Physical laws applicable to balloon flight.
2. Effects of changes in temperature and density altitude on maintaining equilibrium.
3. Effects of false lift during takeoff, landing, and windshear penetration.
D. TASK: REGULATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 1, 61, 91; NTSB 830; AC 00-2; AIM, Balloon Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of regulations and publications, their purpose, general content, availability, and how to obtain revisions by describing:
1. 14 CFR parts 1, 61, 91 and NTSB 830.
2. Flight information publications.
3. Advisory circulars.
4. Practical test standards.
5. Balloon flight manual.
E. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 91-71; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the national airspace system by describing:
1. Definitions and dimensions of Class A, B, C, D, E, and G airspace.
2. Pilot certification, weather, and equipment requirements for operating in Class A, B, C, D, E, and G airspace.
3. Special use airspace and other airspace areas.
FAA-S-8081-18 1-6 F. TASK: LOGBOOK ENTRIES AND CERTIFICATE
ENDORSEMENTS REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 61; AC 61-65, AC 61-98, AC 61-101.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of logbook entries and certificate endorsements by describing:
1. Required logbook entries for instruction given.
2. Logbook entry certifying student's completion of presolo knowledge test.
3. Required student pilot certificate endorsements and appropriate logbook entries.
4. Preparation of a recommendation for a pilot practical test, including appropriate logbook entry.
5. Required endorsement of a pilot logbook for satisfactory completion of the required FAA flight review.
6. Instructor record keeping.
FAA-S-8081-181-7 III. AREA OF OPERATION:
PREFLIGHT PREPARATION A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 91; AC 61-23; Balloon Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of certificates and documents by explaining:
1. Requirements for the issuance of pilot certificates and ratings, and the privileges and limitations of those certificates and ratings.
2. Medical requirements.
3. Airworthiness and registration certificates.
4. Balloon flight manuals.
5. Balloon maintenance/inspection requirements and associated records.
B. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION REFERENCES: AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-23, AC 61-84; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of weather information by explaining:
1. Importance of a thorough weather check.
2. Sources available for obtaining weather information.
3. Use of weather reports, forecasts, and charts.
4. Use of PIREP's, SIGMET's, and AIRMET's.
5. Recognition of aviation weather hazards and their effects on balloon operations.
6. Factors to be considered in making a “go/no go” decision.
FAA-S-8081-18 1-8 C. TASK: FLIGHT PLANNING REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23, AC 61-84; Navigation Charts;
AIM; NOTAM’s.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of flight planning by presenting and explaining a preplanned flight of maximum duration, appropriate to the balloon used for the flight test, as previously assigned by the examiner. The final flight plan shall include real-time weather.
2. Uses appropriate, current aeronautical charts and appropriate, current local road/street maps.
3. Constructs a flight profile and plots a course for intended route of flight based on winds aloft.
4. Selects appropriate VHF communication frequencies, if radio equipped.
5. Identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features.
6. Selects suitable landing areas.
7. Extracts and applies pertinent information from AIM and NOTAM’s, as appropriate.
D. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS REFERENCES: AC 61-84; Balloon Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of performance and limitations, appropriate to the balloon used for the practical test, by explaining:
1. Use of performance charts, tables, and other data in determining performance in various phases of flight.
2. Computation of operating weight, maximum load, fuel quantity and endurance.
3. Determination of normal and maximum rates of ascent and descent, and the altitude required to arrest a high rate of descent.
4. Determination of envelope temperatures, including neverexceed temperature and maximum continuous temperature.
5. Effects of atmospheric conditions on performance.
6. Factors to be considered in determining that the required performance is within the balloon's capabilities and limitations.
FAA-S-8081-181-9 E. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS REFERENCE: Balloon Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of the operation of systems, as applicable to the balloon used for the practical test, by explaining:
1. Fuel system, burners, pilot lights, and associated gauges.
2. Flight instruments and gauges.
3. Venting and/or deflation systems.
4. Avionics/communications system, as appropriate.
FAA-S-8081-18 1-10 IV. AREA OF OPERATION:
PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE
PERFORMED IN FLIGHT NOTE: Examiner will select at least one maneuver from AREAS OF OPERATION VII through XI and ask the applicant to present a preflight lesson on the maneuver selected as the lesson would be taught to a student. Previously developed lesson plans from the applicant’s library may be used.
TASK: MANEUVER LESSON REFERENCES: AC 60-14; Balloon Digest; How To Fly A Balloon;
Balloon Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the selected maneuver by:
1. Using a lesson plan that includes all essential items to make an effective and organized presentation.
2. Stating the objective.
3. Giving an accurate, comprehensive oral description of the maneuver, including the elements and associated common errors.
4. Using instructional aids, as appropriate.
5. Describing the recognition, analysis, and correction of common errors.
FAA-S-8081-181-11 V. AREA OF OPERATION:
PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES A. TASK: LAUNCH SITE SELECTION REFERENCES: AC 91-71; How To Fly A Balloon.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits commercial pilot knowledge by explaining the elements of launch site selection.
2. Arranges to launch at a suitable ti me, considering atmospheric conditions.
3. Selects a launch site with emphasis on—
a. size and surface condition of site.
b. consideration of accessibility and obstacles.
c. surface wind and winds aloft.
d. obstacles in vicinity of launch site.
e. consideration of suitable landing areas based on wind conditions.
4. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision considering all of the factors involved in the selection of a launch site.
B. TASK: CREW BRIEFING AND PREPARATION REFERENCE: How To Fly A Balloon.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits commercial pilot knowledge by explaining the elements of crew briefing and preparation.
2. Designates a crew chief, if appropriate, and explains duties and responsibilities to each crewmember.
3. Briefs crewmembers in all areas of the flight, including layout and assembly; tie-off, if appropriate; inflation; in-flight; landing;
recovery; and emergency procedures.
4. Establishes a common means of communication such as hand signals and/or two-way radio.
5. Describes the proposed direction of flight and estimated time aloft.
6. Ensures that all necessary equipment is on board.
7. Supervises and coordinates all activities.
FAA-S-8081-18 1-12 C. TASK: LAYOUT AND ASSEMBLY REFERENCE: Balloon Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits commercial pilot knowledge by explaining the elements of layout and assembly.
2. Positions envelope and basket properly, considering wind conditions, surface, and obstacles.
3. Assembles fuel system (as appr opriate) and checks for security, leaks, and correct fuel pressure.
4. Completes attachment of all cables and lines and assembles basket to envelope in accordance with the flight manual.
5. Completes an appropriate checklist.
D. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION REFERENCES: How To Fly A Balloon; Balloon Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits commercial pilot knowledge by explaining the elements of a preflight inspection. This shall include the items which must be inspected, reasons for inspecting each item, and how to detect possible defects.
2. Inspects the balloon with reference to the checklist emphasizing the—
a. basket and envelope, to include suspension and handling lines.
b. venting and/or deflation systems.
c. burner and fuel system check.
d. instruments and gauges.
3. Verifies the balloon is in condition for safe flight.
4. Completes an appropriate checklist.