5-3
2. Obtaining and analyzing weather information, including knowledge of hazardous weather phenomena, such as icing and convective activity.
3. Preflight planning, including aircraft performance, Notices to Air Missions (NOTAM) information (including temporary flight restrictions (TFR)), fuel requirements, alternate requirements, and use of appropriate FAA publications such as the Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD).
4. Aircraft systems related to IFR operations, including appropriate operating methods, limitations, and emergency procedures due to equipment failure.
5. Aircraft flight instruments and navigation equipment, including characteristics, limitations, operating techniques, and emergency procedures due to malfunction or failure, such as lost communications and automation failure procedures.
6. Determining the airworthiness of the aircraft for instrument flight, including required inspections and documents.
7. Air traffic control (ATC) procedures pertinent to flight under IFR, with emphasis on elements of ATC clearances and pilot/controller responsibilities.
8. A general working knowledge of aerodynamic principles relating to angle of attack (AOA) and the purpose, operation, and limitations of AOA indicators (if installed).
5.2.2 Evaluation of the Pilot’s Instrument Flight Proficiency. Following the discussion of the above subjects, the flight instructor should ask the pilot to prepare for the skill portion of the IPC by completing the necessary flight planning, obtaining current weather data, filing a flight plan, and conducting the preflight inspection. In order to fully evaluate the pilot’s skills under normal operating conditions, the flight instructor may wish to have the pilot conduct a short IFR cross-country flight with at least part of the flight conducted “in the system” under IFR.
5.3 IPC Skill Portion. The maneuvers and procedures selected for the IPC must include those listed in the Rating Task Table in the Instrument Rating ACS for airplanes (FAA-S-ACS-8), helicopters (FAA-S-ACS-14), or powered-lift (FAA-S-ACS-3), as applicable. The flight instructor conducting the IPC has the discretion to require any other maneuver(s) necessary to determine that the pilot can safely operate under IFR in a broad range of conditions appropriate to the aircraft flown and the ATC environment selected.
The flight instructor should emphasize proper adherence to ATC clearances. Regardless of the maneuvers and procedures selected, the flight instructor should ensure that the pilot demonstrates satisfactory basic attitude instrument flying skills. For checks conducted in an aircraft but not under actual instrument weather conditions, the flight instructor should employ an appropriate view-limiting device to simulate instrument conditions. As an aid to the flight instructor, Appendix I contains a sample flight instructor IPC checklist for conducting the IPC.
5.4 Post-IPC Considerations and Recordkeeping. Upon completion of the proficiency check, the flight instructor may wish to complete the summary and evaluation portion of the checklist and debrief the pilot on the results of the check. Regardless of the determination, the flight instructor should provide the pilot with a comprehensive
5-4 analysis of their performance, including suggestions for improving any weak areas.
FAA-H-8083-9, Aviation Instructor’s Handbook, Chapter 5, The Teaching Process, provides specific suggestions for conducting the postflight evaluation discussion as a “collaborative critique.”
5.4.1 Unsatisfactory Performance. A s with the flight review, the flight instructor should not endorse the pilot’s logbook to reflect an unsatisfactory IPC. Rather, the flight instructor should log the session as “dual instruction given.”
5.4.2 Satisfactory Performance. The endorsement for a satisfactory proficiency check should be in accordance with AC 61-65, Certification: Pilots and Flight and Ground Instructors.
You can find a suggested IPC plan of action format in Appendix I. Although not required by § 61.189, the flight instructor may wish to retain this plan of action (job aid) for an appropriate period as a record of the scope and content of the IPC. Additionally, the flight instructor may wish to submit an FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, to the Airmen Certification Branch. When submitted, the Airmen Certification Branch will add the application to the pilot’s record (see paragraph 1.10.2).
Appendix A A-1 APPENDIX A. RESOURCES A.1 FAA Documents (current editions).
1. Advisory Circulars (AC) (https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars):
• AC 60-28, FAA English Language Standard for an FAA Certificate Issued Under 14 CFR Parts 61, 63, 65, and 107.
• AC 61-65, Certification: Pilots and Flight and Ground Instructors.
• AC 61-91, WINGS— Pilot Proficiency Program.
• AC 61-136, FAA Approval of Aviation Training Devices and Their Use for Training and Experience.
• AC 90-109, Transition to Unfamiliar Aircraft (provides additional information and guidance pertaining to transition to experimental or unfamiliar aircraft).
• AC 91-73, Parts 91 and 135 Single Pilot, Flight School Procedures During Taxi Operations.
2. A eronautical Information Manual (AIM):
https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html.
3. Airman Certification Standards (ACS):
https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/acs.
4. Airman Testing: https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing.
5. Back to Basics, FAA Safety Briefing, January/February 2018:
https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/2022-01/JanFeb2018.pdf.
6. Best Practices for Mentoring in Flight Instruction: https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/f iles/pilots/mentoring_best_practices.pdf.
7. FAA/Industry Training Standards Personal and Weather Risk Assessment Guide:
https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/training/fits/guidance.
8. FAA Safety Briefing Archive: https://www.faa.gov/newsroom/safetybriefing/archived-faa-safety-briefing-magazine-issues.
9. General Aviation (GA) Safety Enhancement (SE) Topic Fact Sheets:
https://www.faa.gov/newsroom/safety-briefing/faa-safety-briefing-fact-sheets.
10. Good N.I.G.H.T, FAA Safety Briefing, November/December 2015:
https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/2022-01/NovDec2015.pdf.
11. Handbooks and Manuals (FAA):
https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals:
• FAA-H-8083-2, Risk Management Handbook.
• FAA-H-8083-9, Aviation Instructor’s Handbook.
Appendix A A-2
• Handbook(s) appropriate for the category of aircraft being operated
(e.g., FAA-H-8083-3, Airplane Flying Handbook).
12. Information for Operators (InFO) (FAA): https://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_in dustry/airline_operators/airline_safety/info/all_infos:
• InFO 14010, Installation, Training, and Use of Non-required/Supplemental Angle-of-Attack (AOA) Based Systems for General Aviation (GA) Airplanes, dated July 25, 2014.
• InFO 15012, Logging Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP), dated September 8, 2015.
13. New Technologies for Pilots, Planes, and ’Ports, FAA Safety Briefing, May/June 2016: https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/2022-01/MayJun2016.pdf.
14. New Technology in Aviation, FAA Safety Briefing, January/February 2014:
https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/2022-01/JanFeb2014.pdf.
15. Online resources for flight instructors, FAA Safety Team (FAASTeam):
https://www.faasafety.gov.
16. PAVEing the Way to Safety, FAA Safety Briefing, January/February 2017:
https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/2022-01/JanFeb2017.pdf.
17. Personal Minimums Worksheet, FAA Safety Briefing, March/April 2015:
https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/2022-01/MarApr2015.pdf.
18. Practical Test Standards (PTS):
https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/test_standards.
19. Teaching Technology: Instilling the Right Aptitudes and Attitudes for Safety, FAA Safety Briefing, September/October 2017:
https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/2022-01/SepOct2017.pdf.
20. Tips for Teaching Practical Risk Management: https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files /regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/pilot_risk/1.0-Practical-Risk- Management.pdf.
21. Weather Forces, Sources, and Resources, FAA Safety Briefing, March/April 2015:
https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/2022-01/MarApr2015.pdf.
A.2 Industry and Professional Associations.
1. Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA): https://www.aopa.org.
• AOPA Tools for Certificated Flight Instructors: https://www.aopa.org/trainingand-safety/cfis.
2. Aviation Weather Center (AWC): https://aviationweather.gov.
3. Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA): https://www.eaa.org.
4. FlightService: https://www.1800wxbrief.com.
Appendix A A-3
5. General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA): https://www.gama.aero.
6. National Association of Flight Instructors (NAFI): https://www.nafinet.org.
7. Society of Aviation and Flight Educators (SAFE): https://www.safepilots.org.
Appendix B B-1 APPENDIX B. SAMPLE AIRPLANE PILOT’S PROFICIENCY PRACTICE PLAN Pilot’s Name: Date:
Flight Rules (Visual Flight Rules (VFR)) Flight Profile – Every 4–6 Weeks:
☐ Preflight (Include the 3-P Risk Management Process (RMP: Perceive hazards, Process risk level, and Perform risk management.) (Refer to the 3-P Risk Management Process at https://www.faasafety.gov/files/gslac/courses/content/28/200/3P%20Risk%20Manageme nt%20Process.pdf.)
☐ Normal taxi.
☐ Takeoff.
☐ Departure to practice area.
☐ CHAPS (before each maneuver):
☐ Clear the area.
☐ Heading established and noted.
☐ Altitude established (at least 3,000 feet above ground level (AGL)).
☐ Position near a suitable emergency landing area.
☐ Set power and aircraft configuration.
☐ Steep turns (both directions), altitude within 100 feet and airspeed within 10 knots.
☐ Power-off stalls (approach to landing) and recovery.
☐ Power-on stalls (takeoff/departure) and recovery.
☐ Ground reference maneuvers (600 feet to 1,000 feet AGL).
☐ Pattern practice:
☐ Normal landing (full flaps).
☐ Short-field takeoff and landing over a 50-foot obstacle.
☐ Soft-field takeoff and landing.
☐ Slow flight.
☐ Discretional maneuver.
☐ Discretional maneuver.
☐ Secure the aircraft.
☐ Review your performance.
☐ Schedule next proficiency flight.
Appendix C C-1 APPENDIX C. SAMPLE PILOT’S PERSONAL AERONAUTICAL GOALS Pilot’s Name: Date:
Training Goals Certificate Level (Private, Commercial, Airline Transport Pilot (ATP)) Ratings (Instrument, Multiengine Land (MEL), Airplane Single-Engine Sea (ASES), Airplane Multiengine Sea (AMES), Rotorcraft, Glider, etc.)
Endorsements (high performance, complex, tailwheel, high altitude, etc.) Phase in Pilot Proficiency Program (WINGS) Instructor Qualifications (flight instructor, instrument flight instructor, multiengine flight instructor, advanced ground instructor (AGI), basic ground instructor (BGI), instrument ground instructor (IGI)) Other:
Proficiency Goals Lower personal minimums to:
Ceiling Visibility Winds Precision approach minimums Non-precision approach minimums Fly at least:
Times per month Hours per month Hours per year Cross-country flights per year Night hours per month Make a cross-country trip to:
Other:
Aeronautical Training Plan of Action
Appendix D D-1 APPENDIX D. SAMPLE FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR’S FLIGHT REVIEW CHECKLIST Step 1: Preflight Review Actions Ratings (not necessarily inclusive):
☐ Scheduling ☐ Set expectations of pilot under review ☐ Pilot’s aeronautical history ☐ Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 91 review assignment ☐ Cross-country flight plan assignment Step 2: Ground Discussion ☐ FAA Aviation English Language Standard (AELS) requirement ☐ Regulatory review ☐ Cross-country flight plan review ☐ Risk management (RM) and personal minimums Step 3: Conducting the Flight ☐ Physical aircraft (basic skills) ☐ Takeoffs and stabilized approaches to landings ☐ Slow flight ☐ Stalls and recovery/spin recognition and avoidance ☐ Recovery from unusual attitudes ☐ Simulated loss of power/engine ☐ Operating the aircraft by sole reference to instruments under actual or simulated conditions ☐ Aeronautical decision-making (ADM) ☐ Automation system failures Step 4: Postflight Discussion ☐ Replay, reflect, reconstruct, redirect ☐ Questions Step 5: Aeronautical Health Maintenance and Improvement Plan ☐ Personal minimums worksheet ☐ Personal proficiency practice plan ☐ Training plan (if desired) ☐ Resources list Sample Pilot’s Aeronautical History for Flight Review Pilot:
Flight Instructor:
Address:
Phone(s):
Email:
Pilot Certificate(s):
P rivate Commercial Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) Flight Instructor Instrument Airplane Single-Engine Land (ASEL) Mult iengine Land (MEL) Lighter than Air (LTA) Rotorcraft (Other) Experience (pilot):
T otal time Last 6 months Average hours/month Time since last flight review Since last instrument proficiency check (IPC) Experience (aircraft):
Aircraft type(s) you fly Aircraft used most often Total time Last 6 months Average hours/month Experience (flight environment):
Since your last flight review, approximately how many hours have you logged in:
D ay visual flight rules (VFR) Day instrument flight rules (IFR) Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) Ni ght VFR Night IFR Mountainous/Overwater Towered Nontowered Type of Flying (external factors):
What percentage of your flying is for:
P leasure Business Local Cross-country Personal Skills Assessment:
Strengths as a pilot?
Areas for improvement?
Aviation goals?
Appendix E E-1 APPENDIX E. REGULATORY REVIEW GUIDE SIDE 1 PILOT ☐ Experience: Recent Flight Experience (14 CFR part 61, § 61.57).
☐ Responsibility:
☐ Authority (14 CFR part 91, § 91.3).
☐ Flightcrew Members at Station (§ 91.105).
☐ Preflight Action (§ 91.103).
☐ Safety Belts (§ 91.107).
☐ Air Traffic Control (ATC) Instructions (§ 91.123).
☐ Cautions:
☐ Careless or Reckless Operation (§ 91.13).
☐ Dropping Objects (§ 91.15).
☐ Alcohol or Drugs (§ 91.17).
☐ Supplemental Oxygen (§ 91.211).
☐ Fitness for Flight (Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) chapter 8, section 1).
AIRCRAFT ☐ Airworthiness:
☐ Basic (§ 91.7).
☐ Flight Manual, Markings, and Placards (§ 91.9).
☐ Certifications Required (§ 91.203).
☐ Instrument and Equipment Requirements (§ 91.205):
☐ Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) (§ 91.207).
☐ Position Lights (§ 91.209).
☐ Inoperative Instruments and Equipment (§ 91.213).
☐ Transponder Requirements (§ 91.215).
☐ Maintenance:
☐ Responsibility (§ 91.403).
☐ Maintenance Required (§ 91.405).
☐ Operation after Maintenance (§ 91.407).
☐ Maintenance Records (§ 91.417).
☐ Inspections:
☐ Annual, Airworthiness Directives (AD), 100 Hours (§ 91.409).
☐ Altimeter and Pitot Static System (§ 91.411).
☐ Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range (VOR) Check (§ 91.171).
☐ Transponder (§ 91.413).
☐ ELT (§ 91.207).
Appendix E E-2 SIDE 2 ☐ Airports:
☐ Markings (AIM chapter 2, section 3).
☐ Operations (AIM chapter 4, section 3; §§ 91.125 and 91.126).
☐ Traffic Patterns (§ 91.126).
☐ Airspace:
☐ Altimeter Settings (AIM chapter 7, section 2; § 91.121).
☐ Minimum Safe Altitudes (§§ 91.119 and 91.177).
☐ Cruising Altitudes (AIM chapter 3, section 1, paragraph 3-1-5; §§ 91.159 and 91.179).
☐ Speed Limits (§ 91.117).
☐ Right-of-Way (§ 91.113).
☐ Formation (§ 91.111).
☐ Types of Airspace (AIM chapter 3):
☐ Controlled Airspace (AIM chapter 3, section 2; §§ 91.129, 91.130, 91.131, and 91.135).
☐ Class G Airspace (AIM chapter 3, section 3).
☐ Special Use (AIM chapter 3, section 4; §§ 91.133, 91.137, 91.141, 91.143, and 91.145).
☐ Emergency Air Traffic Rules (AIM chapter 5, section 6; § 91.139).
☐ Air Traffic Control and Procedures:
☐ Services (AIM chapter 4, section 1).
☐ Radio Communications (AIM chapter 4, section 2; Pilot/Controller Glossary).
☐ Clearances (AIM chapter 4, section 4).
☐ Procedures (AIM chapter 5).
☐ Weather:
☐ Meteorology (AIM chapter 7, section 1).
☐ Wake Turbulence (AIM chapter 7, section 3).
EXTERNAL PRESSURE ☐ Personal Minimums Worksheet.
☐ Risk Management (RM) (3-P model).
☐ Practical Test Standards (PTS)/Airman Certification Standards (ACS), as appropriate.
Appendix F F-1 APPENDIX F. SAMPLE FLIGHT REVIEW CHECKLIST SIDE 1 References Selected portions of 14 CFR part 61, § 61.56
(a) A flight review consists of a minimum of 1 hour of flight training and 1 hour of ground training. The review must include:
(1) A review of the current general operating and flight rules of part 91 of this chapter; and
(2) A review of those maneuvers and procedures that, at the discretion of the person giving the review, are necessary for the pilot to demonstrate the safe exercise of the privileges of the pilot certificate.
(c) Except as provided in paragraphs (d), (e), and (g) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft unless, since the beginning of the 24th calendar month before the month in which that pilot acts as pilot in command, that person has—
(1) Accomplished a flight review given in an aircraft for which that pilot is rated by an authorized instructor and
(2) A logbook endorsed from an authorized instructor who gave the review certifying that the person has satisfactorily completed the review.
(d) A person who has, within the period specified in paragraph (c) of this section, passed any of the following need not accomplish the flight review required by this section:
(1) A pilot proficiency check or practical test conducted by an examiner, an approved pilot check airman, or a U.S. Armed Force, for a pilot certificate, rating, or operating privilege.
(2) A practical test conducted by an examiner for one of the following:
(i) T he issuance of a flight instructor certificate;
(ii) A n additional rating on a flight instructor certificate;
(iii) The meet the recent experience requirements for a flight instructor certificate in accordance with § 61.197(b)(1); or
(iv) The reinstatement of flight instructor privileges in accordance with § 61.199(b)(2).
(e) A person who has, within the period specified in paragraph (c) of this section, satisfactorily accomplished one or more phases of an FAA-sponsored pilot proficiency award program need not accomplish the flight review required by this section.
Advisory Circular (AC) 61-65, Certification: Pilots and Flight and Ground Instructors Completion of a Flight Review: § 61.56(a) and (c).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number], has satisfactorily completed a flight review of § 61.56(a) on [date].
/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI RE Date 12-31-24 NOTE 1: No logbook entry reflecting unsatisfactory performance on a flight review is required.
NOTE 2: Each endorsements must be legible and include the instructor’s signature, date of signature, certificated flight instructor (CFI) or certificated ground instructor certificate number, and flight instructor recent experience (RE) end date or certificate expiration date, if applicable.
Flight Review Checklist Step 1: Preparation ☐ Pilot’s Aeronautical History ☐ Set Expectations for Pilot Under Review ☐ 14 CFR Part 91 Review Assignment ☐ Cross-Country Flight Plan Assignment Step 2: Ground Review ☐ FAA Aviation English Language Standard (AELS) Requirement ☐ Regulatory Review ☐ Cross-Country Flight Plan Review ☐ Weather & Weather Decision Making ☐ Risk Management and Personal Minimums ☐ General Aviation (GA) Security Issues Step 3: Flight Activities ☐ Physical Airplane (basic skills) ☐ Mental Airplane Automaton and Aircraft (systems knowledge) ☐ Takeoffs and Stabilized Approaches to Landings ☐ Slow Flight ☐ Stalls and Recovery/Spin Recognition/Avoidance ☐ Recovery from Unusual Attitudes ☐ Simulated Loss of Power/Engine ☐ Operating the Aircraft by Sole Reference to Instruments Under Actual or Simulated Conditions ☐ Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) ☐ Automation System ☐ Automation System Failures Step 4: Postflight Discussion ☐ Replay, Reflect, Reconstruction, Redirect ☐ Questions Step 5: Aeronautical Health Maintenance and Improvement Plan ☐ Personal Minimums Worksheet ☐ Personal Proficiency Practice Plan ☐ Training Plan (if desired) For aviation safety information and online resources, visit www.faasafety.gov.
Appendix F F-2 SIDE 2 Ground Review PILOT:
☐ Experience:
☐ Recent Flight Experience (§ 61.57) ☐ Responsibility:
☐ Authority (§ 91.3) ☐ Air Traffic Control (ATC) Instructions (§ 91.123) ☐ Preflight Action (§ 91.103) ☐ Safety Belts (§ 91.107) ☐ Flightcrew at Station (§ 91.105) ☐ Cautions:
☐ Careless or Reckless Operation (§ 91.13) ☐ Dropping Objects (§ 91.15) ☐ Alcohol or Drugs (§ 91.17) ☐ Supplemental Oxygen (§ 91.211) ☐ Fitness for Flight (Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) chapter 8, section 1) AIRCRAFT:
☐ Airworthiness:
☐ Basic (§ 91.7) ☐ Flight Manual, Markings, Placards (§ 91.9) ☐ Certification Required (§ 91.203) ☐ Instrument and Equipment Requirements (§ 91.205) ☐ Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) (§ 91.207) ☐ Position Lights (§ 91.209) ☐ Transponder Requirements (§ 91.215) ☐ Inoperative Instruments and Equipment (§ 91.213) ☐ Maintenance:
☐ Responsibility (§ 91.403) ☐ Maintenance Required (§ 91.405) ☐ Maintenance Records (§ 91.417) ☐ Operation After Maintenance (§ 91.407) ☐ Inspections:
☐ Annual, Airworthiness Directives, 100-Hour (§ 91.409) ☐ Altimeter and Pitot Static System (§ 91.411) ☐ Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range (VOR) Check (§ 91.171) ☐ Transponder (§ 91.413) ☐ ELT (§ 91.207) ENVIRONMENT:
☐ Airports:
☐ Markings (AIM chapter 2, section 3) ☐ Operations (AIM chapter 4, section 3; §§ 91.125 and 91.126) ☐ Traffic Patterns (§ 91.126) ☐ Airspace:
☐ Altimeter Settings (§ 91.121; AIM chapter 7, section 2) ☐ Minimum Safe Altitudes (§§ 91.119 and 91.177) ☐ Cruising Altitudes (§§ 91.159 and 91.179;
AIM chapter 3, section 1, paragraph 3-1-5) ☐ Speed Limits (§ 91.117) ☐ Right-of-Way (§ 91.113) ☐ Formation (§ 91.111) ☐ Types of Airspace (AIM chapter 3):
☐ Controlled Airspace (AIM chapter 3, section 2;
§§ 91.129, 91.130, 91.131, and 91.135) ☐ Class G Airspace (AIM chapter 3, section 3) ☐ Special Use (AIM chapter 3, section 4; §§ 91.133,
91.137, 91.141, 91.143, and 91.145) ☐ Emergency Air Traffic Rules (§ 91.139; AIM chapter 5, section 6) ☐ ATC and Procedures:
☐ Services (AIM chapter 4, section 1) ☐ Radio Communications (AIM chapter 4, section 2 and Pilot Controller Glossary) ☐ Clearances (AIM chapter 4, section 4) ☐ Procedures (AIM chapter 5) ☐ Weather:
☐ Meteorology (AIM chapter 7, section 1) ☐ Wake Turbulence (AIM chapter 7, section 3) EXTERNAL PRESSURE:
☐ Personal Minimums Worksheet ☐ Risk Management (3-P model) ☐ Practical Test Standards (PTS)/Airman Certification Standards (ACS) Suggested Flight Activities Note: Structure the flight portion as an out-and-back visual flight rules (VFR) cross-country (XC), with one leg focused on XC procedures (including diversion and lost procedures) and the other leg focused on airwork (“physical airplane” skills).
Suggested activities include:
AREA OF OPERATION (from Private Pilot PTS/ACS) ☐ Preflight Preparation ☐ Weather Information ☐ Cross-Country Flight Planning ☐ Performance and Limitations ☐ Operation of Systems ☐ Preflight Procedures ☐ Preflight Inspections ☐ Cockpit Management ☐ Before Takeoff Check ☐ Airport Operations ☐ Radio Communications ☐ Airport, Runway, Taxiway Signs, Markings, and Lighting ☐ Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds ☐ Normal and Crosswind Takeoff/Climb ☐ Normal and Crosswind Approach/Landing ☐ Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb ☐ Soft-Field Approach and Landing ☐ Short-Field Takeoff ☐ Short-Field Approach ☐ Go- Around Rejected Landing ☐ Performance Maneuver ☐ Steep Turns ☐ Navigation ☐ Pilotage and Dead Reckoning ☐ Navigation Systems and Radar Services ☐ Diversion ☐ Lost Procedures ☐ Slow Flight and Stalls ☐ Maneuvering During Slow Flight ☐ Power- Off Stalls ☐ Power- On Stalls ☐ Spin Awareness ☐ Basic Instrument Maneuvers ☐ Straight and Level Flight ☐ Turns to Headings ☐ Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes ☐ Radio Communications/Navigation Systems ☐ Emergency Operations ☐ Emergency Approach and Landing ☐ Systems and Equipment Malfunctions ☐ Automation Failure: Failure of Autopilot and Avionics ☐ Postflight Procedures ☐ After Landing, Parking, Securing