MEDIUM-INTENSITY DUAL OBSTRUCTION LIGHT
STANDARDS (FAA STYLE E) Day / Twilight Protection = 20,000 cd White Light Night Protection = 2,000 cd Red Light and 32 cd side lights (Painting of tower is typically not required) One-half but not lower than 200 ft (61 m) Above 350 ft - 700 ft (107 m - 213 m) Two or more L-810 lights configured to flash in sync with L-864 Above 200 ft - 350 ft (61 m - 107 m) E1 E2 = L-864 / L-865 (Flashing Dual [Red / White] Light Note:
L-864 configured to flash at a rate of 30 fpm (+ 3 fpm) See paragraph 5.2. regarding IR specifications for LED-based
• = L-810 (Single Light) Configured to flash in sync with L-864 red obstruction lights.
Figure A-16. Medium-Intensity Dual Obstruction Light Standards (FAA Style E) 79
MEDIUM-INTENSITY LIGHTING
ESTABLISHING THE LOCATION OF TOP BEACONS Day Protection = 20,000 cd White Light Night Protection = 2,000 cd Red Light Top of lightning roc (less than seven-eighth in. (2.2 cm) diameter Top of Communications Antenna Top of Antenna Support -Top of Structure Structure 10 ft (3 m) Max Overall AGL height when determining light levels.
Towers shown are above 350 ft (107m) but less than 700 ft (213 m) Obstruction light should be mounted above all appurtenances Obstruction lights can be mounted within excluding anything less than seven-eighth in. (2.2 cm) diameter 10 ft (3 m) from the overall height = L-864 (Flashing Red Light) Note:
= L-865 (Flashing White Light) See paragraph 5.2. regarding IR specifications for LED-based = L-864 / L-865 (Flashing Dual Light) red obstruction lights.
Figure A-17. Medium-Intensity Lighting-Establishing the Location of Top Beacons 80
HIGH-INTENSITY DUAL OBSTRUCTION LIGHT
STANDARDS (FAA STYLE F) STRUCTURE WITH APPURTENANCE GREATER THAN 40 ft (12 m) Day Protection = 270,000 cd White Light Twilight Protection = 20,000 cd White Light Night Protection = 2,000 cd Red Light Above 1,750 ft - 2,200 ft (533 m - 671 m) Above 1,400 ft - 1,750 ft Appurtenance exceeding (427 m - 533 m) 40 ft (12 m) above the structure Above 1,050 ft - 1,400 ft (320 m - 427 m) Above 700 ft - 1,050 ft (213 m - 320 m) For towers 700 ft (213 m) and below see the appropriate medium-intensity FAA style sheet F3 F4 F5 F6 = L-856 (Flashing White Light) = L-864 / L-865 (Flashing Dual [Red / White] Light) (3 flash heads required per level L-864 configured to flash at a rate of 30 fpm (‡ 3 fpm) for 360° coverage) Note: See paragraph 5.2. regarding = L-864 (Flashing Red Light) IR specifications for LED-based Configured to flash at a rate of 30 fpm (1 3 fpm) red obstruction lights.
Figure A-18. High-Intensity Dual Obstruction Light Standards (FAA Style F)-With Appurtenance Over 40 Feet High 81
HIGH-INTENSITY DUAL OBSTRUCTION LIGHT
STANDARDS (FAA STYLE G) STRUCTURE WITH APPURTENANCE 40 ft (12 m) OR LESS Day Protection = 270,000 cd White Light Twilight Protection = 20,000 cd White Light Night Protection = 2,000 cd Red Light Above 1,750 ft - 2,200 ft (533 m - 671 m) Appurtenance Above 1,400 ft - 1,750 ft 40 ft. (12 m) or less (427 m - 533 m) Above 1,050 ft - 1,400 ft (320 m - 427 m) Above 700 ft - 1,050 ft (213 m - 320 m) For towers 700 ft (213 m) and below, see the appropriate medium-intensity FAA style sheet G3 G4 G5 G6 = L-856 (Flashing White Light) Note:
(3 flash heads required per level for 360° coverage) See paragraph 5.2. regarding IR specifications for LED-based = L-864 (Flashing Red Light) red obstruction lights.
Configured to flash at a rate of 30 fpm (+ 3 fpm) Figure A-19. High-Intensity Dual Obstruction Light Standards (FAA Style G)-With Appurtenance 40 Feet or Less 82
AIRCRAFT DETECTION LIGHTING SYSTEM (ADLS) SAMPLE WIND FARM COVERAGE MAP * Multiple ADLS units required for the above wind farm Vertical Coverage Horizontal Coverage 1,000ft (304 m) 3 Nautical Miles
(5.5 km) System above shown in active mode with aircraft in coverage area = L-864 (Flashing Red Light) Note:
See paragraph 5.2. regarding IR specifications for LED-based red obstruction lights.
Figure A-20. Aircraft Detection Lighting System (sample coverage map) 83
CATENARY UNLIGHTED MARKERS Required for transmission lines less than 69 kV Recognizable from a minimum distance of 4,000 ft (1,219 m) Wire markers may be staggered over the catenary to enable better wind load distribution 200 ft (61 m)
• Violation Area (Above 200 ft (61 m) AGL) 25 ft (8 m) max distance unless line design sag requirements are greater Unlighted Marker Ball Extensive catenary wires: min 36-inch- (91-em-) diameter markers; less extensive catenary wires: 20-inch- (51-em-) or 12-inch-
(30.48-cm-) diameter markers.
Evenly spaced along the wire at approximately 200-ft (61-m) intervals.
Lighted markers should be a solid color, such as aviation orange, white or yellow.
Lighted markers should alternate aviation orange, white, yellow with aviation orange markers positioned at each end.
If less than four lighted markers are on the line, all markers should be aviation orange.
Figure A-21. Catenary Unlighted Markers (less than 69 kV) 84
CATENARY MARKERS - LINE SPACING Adjacent Lines Within 200 ft (61 m) or Less Required for transmission lines less than 69 kV Recognizable from a minimum distance of 4,000 ft (1,219 m) Wire markers may be staggered over the catenary to enable better wind load distribution 200 ft (61 m) or Less 200 ft (61 m) Violation Area (Above 200 ft (61 m) AGL) 25 ft (8 m) max distance unless line design sag requirements are greater Unlighted Marker Ball Extensive catenary wires: min 36-inch- (91-cm-) diameter markers; less extensive catenary wires: 20-inch- (51-cm-) or 12-inch-
(30.48-cm-) diameter markers.
Evenly spaced along the wire at approximately 200-ft (61-m) intervals.
Unlighted markers should alternate aviation orange, white, yellow, with aviation orange markers positioned at each end.
If less than four markers (lighted or unlighted) are on the line, all markers should be aviation orange.
Catenary crossings with multiple transmission lines require additional line markers when the outside lines on the adjacent structure are more than 200-ft (61-m) from the center of the primary structure.
Figure A-22. Catenary Markers - Line Spacing (Adjacent Lines Within 200 ft.
(60.96 m) or Less) 85
CATENARY MARKERS - LINE SPACING Adjacent Lines Greater Than 200 ft (61 m) Away Required for transmission lines less than 69 kV Recognizable from a minimum distance of 4,000 ft (1,219 m) Wire markers may be staggered over the catenary to enable better wind load distribution Greater Than 200 ft (61 m) 200 ft (61 m) Violation Area (Above 200 ft (61 m) AGL) 25 ft (8 m) max distance unless line design sag requirements are greater Unlighted Marker Ball Extensive catenary wires: min 36-inch- (91-cm-) diameter markers; less extensive catenary wires: 20-inch- (51-cm-) or 12-inch- (30.48-cm-) diameter markers Evenly spaced along the wire at approximately 200-ft (61-m) intervals.
Unlighted markers should alternate aviation orange, white, yellow, with aviation orange markers positioned at each end.
If less than four markers (lighted or unlighted) are on the line, all markers should be aviation orange.
Catenary crossings with multiple transmission lines require additional line markers when the outside lines on the adjacent structure are more than 200-ft (61-m) from the center of the primary structure.
Figure A-23. Catenary Markers - Line Spacing (Adjacent Lines Greater Than 200 ft.
(60.96 m) Away) 86
CATENARY LIGHTED MARKERS Used in Conjunction with Unlighted Markers Required for transmission lines 69 kV or greater Recognizable from a minimum distance of 4,000 ft (1,219 m) Wire markers may be staggered over the catenary to enable better wind load distribution 200 ft (61 m) Violation Area (Above 200 ft (61 m) AGL) 25 ft (8 m) max distance unless line design sag requirements are greater Unlighted Marker Ball Lighted Marker Ball Extensive catenary wires: min 36-inch- (91-cm-) diameter markers; less extensive catenary wires: 20-inch- (51-cm-) or 12-inch-
(30.48-cm-) diameter markers.
Evenly spaced along the wire at approximately 200-ft (61-m) intervals.
Lighted and unlighted markers should be a solid color, such as aviation orange, white or yellow.
Lighted and unlighted markers should alternate aviation orange, white, yellow with aviation orange markers positioned at each end.
If less than four markers (lighted or unlighted) are on the line, all markers should be aviation orange.
Figure A-24. Catenary Lighted Markers - Used in Conjunction with Unlighted Markers (69 kV or greater) 87
CATENARY OBSTRUCTION LIGHTING Day Protection = 270,000 cd White Light Twilight Protection = 20,000 cd White Light Night Protection = 2,000 cd Red Light Flash Sequence = Middle | Top | Bottom Middle fan fai Bottom 20% Variance Allowed Top CATENARY TOWER
IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CROSSING Bottom 20% Variance Allowed = L-857 (Flashing White Light) (Catenary Light 60 FPM) - (3) Flashheads per level for 360° coverage) - = 360° Visibility OFPM = L-866 (Flashing White Light) • = 180° Visibility (RIGHT) (Catenary Light 60 FPM) = L-885 (Flashing Red Light) • = 180° Visibility (LEFT) (Catenary Light 60 FPM) Figure A-25. Catenary Obstruction Lighting 88
WIND TURBINE LIGHTING CONFIGURATIONS Day / Twilight Protection = Wind Turbine Off-White Paint Night Protection = 2,000 cd Red Light / 32 cd Red Side Lights No more than Place a light One-half Statute Mile (2,640 ft (805 m) lit turbines towards the starting point If last segment is short, push the for balanced lighting (on each end) Turbine with no light Place a light (on each end) Starting Point Linear Turbine Configuration Cluster Turbine Configuration Grid Turbine Configuration = L-864 (Flashing Red Light) Note:
See paragraph 5.2. regarding IR specifications for LED-based red obstruction lights.
Figure A-26. Wind Turbine Lighting Configurations 89
LIGHTING AND MARKING OF WIND TURBINES
PAINT SCHEMES Day / Twilight Protection = Aviation Orange and Wind Turbine Off-White Paint Night Protection = 2,000 cd Red Lights / Turbines Under 499 ft (152 m)
APPROVED PAINT SCHEMES Painting based on Standard paint scheme snow prone areas
NOT APPROVED PAINT SCHEMES Striped Blades Painted Blades Gradient painted mast = L-864 (Flashing Red Light) Note:
See paragraph 5.2. regarding IR specifications for LED-based red obstruction lights.
Figure A-27. Lighting and Marking of Wind Turbines - Paint Schemes 90