AC 70/7460-1F: Obstruction Marking and Lighting

AC 70/7460-1F 9/27/78 Total Elimination of Marking and Red Obstruction Lights.

Transmission line supporting structures having a catenary extending in one direction only and obstruction lighted as outlined under paragraph 17.j.(2) may omit the standard marking and red obstruction lighting provided:

(a) Top Level. At least three light units are installed on the top level and situated so as to provide 360 degrees coverage about the structure. Four lights should be used if any light is installed more than 20 feet (6m) from another light on the top level. In addition, four light units may be required to effectively cover the approach to the structure dependent upon the beam pattern of the light unit and possible directions of approach. In certain situations, it may be desirable to have three lights on the top level of one supporting structure and four on the companion structure to provide adequate obstruction simultaneously. lighting coverage. All lights on this level flash

(b) Middle Level. Structures exceeding 500 feet (150m) above ground, or water if so situated, have at least three light units installed at the middle level to provide 360 degrees coverage.

Flash Sequence. The vertical levels of lights flash sequentially; the lights at each level flash simultaneously.

Three or More Supporting Structures. Where a transmission line crossing requires three or more supporting structures, the inner structures should be equipped with three or four light units per level to provide 360 degrees coverage. The number will depend upon the beam pattern of the particular manufacturer's light and the area desired to be covered as determined by the possible directions of approach. Four lights should be used if any light is installed more than 20 feet (6m) from another light on any level. Structures equipped with a lighting system providing 360 degrees of coverage about the structure may delete the standard marking and red obstruction lighting system.

Prominent Buildings, Observation Towers and Similar Extensive at the highest portion or edge of the obstruction, on the same Obstructions. Prominent obstructions should have lights installed horizontal plane and provide 360 degrees of coverage about the obstruction. They should be installed in a manner to indicate the extent of the obstruction and to ensure unobstructed visibility of at least two light units from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.

Page 30 Chap. 6 Par. 17

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(1) If the obstruction is not more than 200 feet (6lm) in either horizontal dimension, there should be installed at the highest portion of the structure three or more light units in a manner to ensure that at least one light is visible from aircraft at units are placed nore than 20 feet (6m) from a central point, pedestal at or near the center of the obstruction. If the light a minimum of four light units should be used. any normal angle of approach. They may be mounted on a single If the obstruction is more than 200 feet (6lm) in one horitwo light units should be placed on each of the shorter sides. These light units may either be installed adjacent to each other zontal dimension, but not more than 200 feet (61n) in the other, corners or fron each other. intervals not to exceed a distance of 100 feet (3lm) from the units should be installed along the overall length of the major axis. These lights should be installed at approximately equal at the mid-point of the edge of the obstruction or at or near each corner and directed horizontally such as to give 180 degrees of coverage to each end of the obstruction. One or more light

(3) If the obstruction is more than 200 feet (61m) in both hori- zontal dimensions, there should be installed one light unit for each 100 feet (31m) or fraction thereof of the overall perimeter of the obstruction.

* Twilight/Nighttime Use Only. Structures may be obstruction marked with a white high intensity beacon for twilight/nighttime only determines that a modification may be made. provided the following conditions are met or an aeronautical study

(1) Height. The structure is not less than 250 feet (76m) AGL.

(2) Painting. The structure is painted in accordance with Chapter 3 and 4 for daytime marking.

(3) Appendix 2, Fig. 4-6. The lowest light level should not be less than 250 feet (76m) AGL. Levels. The number of levels of beacons may be obtained from highest point of the structure in a manner to ensure unobstructed viewing to an aircraft at any normal angle of approach. Top Beacon. At least one beacon should be installed at the

(5) manner to ensure unobstructed viewing from an aircraft at any normal angle of approach. Intermediate Levels. These beacons should be mounted in a Chap. 6 rar. 17 Page 31

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AC 70/7460-1F 9/27/78 * (7) (6) Flashtube Replacement. paragraphs 17 a, b(3) and appropriate portions of 17b.(1), (2). replaced when the peak effective twilight intensity falls below 15,000 candelas. Operational Characteristics. The beacon should conform to The flashtubes in a light unit should be * Page 32 Chap. 6 Par. 17

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9/27/78 AC 70/7460-1F CHAPTER 7. DUAL LIGHTING SYSTEMS

18. DUAL LIGHT SYSTEMS. Red (nighttime) and high intensity white specified in Appendix 2, Figs. 10-12. for red obstruction lights. The lights should be installed as adjusted, if necessary, to coincide with the nearest platform used in Chapter 4, 5 and 6. The light units should be installed as though lights recommended for the high intensity lighting systems may be each system was the only system being used. However, the levels of mendations. lights for daytime obstruction lighting precludes the painting recom- white lighting systems at night. The use of the high intensity white conditions when it might not be feasible to operate the high intensity (daytime) obstruction lighting systems may be utilized under certair The systems should be installed and operated as specified Chap.

ar. 18 Page 33 (and 34)

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9/27/78 ÁC 70/7460-1F CHAPTER 8. MARKING AND LIGHTING OF MOORED BALLOONS AND KITES

19. PURPOSE. To describe marking and lighting standards for moored balloons from any normal angle of approach. and kites for the purpose of indicating to airmen the general definition of these objects and to warn pilots of their presence when converging APPLICATION. This chapter pertains to all moored balloons and kites which require marking and lighting under Part 101 of the Federal Aviation Regulations.

21. mooring lines to warn airmen of their presence during daylight hours. MARKING. Pennant, streamers or similar type markers should be used on * we shout d a. Display. Markers should be displayed at not more than 50-foot (15m) intervals beginning at 150 feet (46m) above the surface of the earth and should be visible for at least one mile.

b. Shape. Markers should be rectangular in shape and not less than two feet (0.6m) on a side. Stiffeners should be used in the borders to prevent drooping in calm wind, wrapping around the cable, and to expose a large area in light air.

c. Color Patterns. One of the following color patterns should be used:

(1) Solid Color. Aviation surface orange.

orange and the other of white, combined to form a rectangle. Orange and White. Two triangular sections, one of aviation 220 LIGHTING. High intensity white flashing lights should be used on moored that lights meeting the L-856 specifications be used.) balloons or kites and their mooring lines to warn airmen of their pre- on continuously. sence during the hours between sunset and sunrise or, they may remain Xenon type lights are acceptable. (It is not intended

a. Display. Flashing lights should be displayed on the top, nose length for each 350 feet (107m) or fraction thereof. Additional lights should be equally spaced along the cable's overall (4.6m) below the craft so as to define the extremes of size and shape. section, tail section and on the tether cable approximately 15 feet Light Distribution. The intensity of each light should be approxi- mately 1,000, and preferably 1,500, effective candelas at every the vertical plane) with a flash rate of 40 pulses per minute. point in the horizontal plane (and a minimum of two degrees in Chap. 8 Par. 19 Page 35

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AC 70/7460-1F 9/27/78 reverse order should apply in transitioning from nighttime to daytime by a photocell controller which automatically turns the light on when (645.8 lux) but before reaching 30 footcandles (322.9 lux). The LIGHT CONTROL DEVICE. The operation of each light may be controlled the north illumination on a vertical surface drops to 60 footcandles

24. navigable airspace are not affected and shall apply. OTHER FEDERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS. Rules and regulations as prescribed by the FAA and other Federal and local government agencies pertaining to the use of balloons, kites and associated equipment in the Page 36 Chap. 8 par. 23

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9/27/78 AC 70/7460-1F CHAPTER 9. OBSTRUCTION MARKING AND LIGHTING EQUIPMENT PURPOSE. may be obtained. obstruction painting and lighting of objects and advises where they This chapter lists all of the documents relating to the

26. PAINT. FED-STD-595, Colors, as follows: forth in this publication should conform to Federal Standards Paint and aviation colors referred to in the standards set

a. Colors.

(1) Orange. Number 12197 (Aviation Surface Orange).

(2) White. Number 17875 (Aviation White).

Availability of Specifications. FED-STD-595 and other Federal various paints and their application techniques may be obtained specifications describing the technical characteristics of Specification Activity Building 197, Room 301 Naval Weapons Plant First and N Street, S.E.

Washington, D.C. 20407

27. LIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. The lighting equipment referred to drawings. applicable provisions of the following specifications and their related in the standards set forth in this publication should conform with the

a. Aviation Red Obstruction Lighting System.

Color. Military Specifications MIL-C-25050 Colors; Aeronautical Lights and Lighting Equipment.

(2) Flashing Beacons. FAA Specification CAA 446, Code Beacons, 300mm •

(3) Double and Single Obstruction Lights.

(a) Military Specifications MIL-L-7830, Light, Navigational Boundary and Obstruction Markers.

(b) FAA Advisory Circular Number 150/5345-2, Specifications for L-810 Obstruction Lights.

Chap. 9 Par. 25 Page 37

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(4) Covers for Aeronautical Lights. Military Specification MIL-C-7989 Covers; Light Transmitting (for Aeronautical Lights).

b. High Intensity White Obstruction Lighting Systems. FAA Advisory Circular Number 150/5345-43, FAA/DOD Specification L-856, High Intensity Obstruction Lighting Systems.

c. Approved Manufacturers. FAA Advisory Circular Number 150/5345-1, Approved Airport Lighting Equipment, lists the approved airport lighting equipment and manufacturers qualified to supply their product in accordance with the indicated specification requirements.

d. Installation and Maintenance. FAA Advisory Circular Number 150/5340-21, Airport Miscellaneous Lighting Visual Aids, provides guidance for the installation, maintenance and testing and inspection of the red beacon and steady burning obstruction lighting.

e • Availability. The standards and specifications listed above may be obtained free of charge from the designated facility:

(1) Military Specifications:

Commanding Officer Naval Publications and Forms Center 5801 Tabor Avenue Attention: NPFC-105 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19120 Phone: (215)-697-2000

(2) FAA Specifications:

Chiei, Configuration Control Branch, AAF-110 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration 800 Independence Avenue, S.W.

Washington, D.C. 20591

(3) FAA Advisory Circulara:

Department of Transportation Publications Section, M-443.1 400 7th Street, S.W.

Washington, D.C. 20590 Chap. 9 Page 38 Par. 27

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f. RECOMMENDED LAMP EQUIPMENT Multiple Circuits Volts Lights Single Obstruction Double & Typical Service Watts 116 125 120V 120V Amps. or A-21 Bulbs A-21 Md. Scr Md. PE. Base Life (Hours) Rated Lab. Average 6,000 6,000 Lumens Approx. 1,260 1,220 Specifications L-810 FAA L-810 L-7830 MIL L-7830 Flashing Beacon 700 120V PS-40 Mg. Pf. 6,000 11,200 446 L-6273 High 620 120V PS-40 Mg. Pf 3,000 11,200 446 I-6273 Intensity 480V White Obstruction. 240V 120V L-856 Lights

• Series Circuit Obstruction Lights 6.6A A-21 Md. Pf. 2,000 - ,020 L-810 I-7830 NOTE: assures the necessary lumen output. Rated voltage of incandescent lamps shall be within plus or minus 3 percent of the voltage across the lamp socket. This Chap. 9 Par. 27 Page 39

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9/27/78 AC 7077460-1F Appendix 1 HOLEY