BRIDGE LIGHTING
FIG 10 34 Chap 13 A1-11 Appendix 1
AC 70/7460-1K CHG 1 8/1/00
TYPICAL LIGHTING OF A STAND ALONE WIND TURBINE Front View Side View FIG 11 A1-12 Appendix 1
AC 70/7460-1K CHG 18/1/00 FIG 12 34 Chap 13 Appendix 1 A1-13
AC 70/7460-1K CHG 1 8/1/00
RED OBSTRUCTION
LIGHTING STANDARDS (FAA Style A) Day Protection = Aviation Orange/White Paint Night Protection = 2,000cd Red Beacon and sidelights 1751'-2200* (533m-671m) 1401'-1750* (427m-533m) 1051'-1400* (320m-427m) 701'-1050* (213m-320m) 1/2 but not lowe 351'-700' than 200 feet (61 m) (108m-213m) 151'-350' (46m-107m) 0'- 150' (0m-46m) AO A2 АЗ A4 A5 А6
- L-864 Flashing Beacon
- L-810 Obstruction Light FIG 13 A1-14 Appendix 1
MEDIUM INTENSITY WHITE
OBSTRUCTION LIGHTING STANDARDS (FAA Style D) Doy/Twilight Protection = 20,000cd White Strobe Night Protection = 2,000cd White Strobe Painting of tower is typicolly not required.
1/2 but not lower 351'-500' than 200 feet (61m) (106m-152m) 200'- 350' (61m-106m) D-2
- L-855 Flashing White Strobe FIG 14 Appendix 1 A1-15
AC 70/7460-1K CHG 1 8/1/00
HIGH INTENSITY
OBSTRUCTION LIGHTING STANDARDS (FAA Style B) Day Protection = 200,000cd White Strobe Twilight Protection = 20,000cd White Strobe Night Protection = 2.000cd White Strobe 1751*-2200* (533m-671m) 1401'-1750' (427m-533m) 1051'- 1400* (320m-427m) 701'-1050* (213m -320m) 501'-700' (152m-213m) FIG 15 A1-16 Appendix 1
HIGH INTENSITY
OBSTRUCTION LIGHTING STANDARDS (FAA Style C) 1751'-2200* (533m-671m) 1401'- 1750* (427m-533m) 1051'- 1400* (320m-427m) 701'-1050' (213m-320m) 501'- 700* (152m-213m)
- L-856 High Intensity Strob el for 360 coverage _ raquired per FIG 16 Appendix 1 A1-17
AC 70/7460-1K CHG 1 8/1/00
MEDIUM INTENSITY DUAL
OBSTRUCTION LIGHTING STANDARDS (FAA Style E) Day/Twilight Protection = 20,000cd White Strobe Night Protection = 7.000cd Red Strobe and sidelight Painting of tower la typically not required.
351'-500' 1/2 but not lowe (107m-152m) than 200 feet (61m 200'- 350' (61m- 107m) E- 1 E-2 . - L-864/L-865 Flashing Dual (White/Red) Strobe * - L-810 Obstruction Light FIG 17 A1-18 Appendix 1
DUAL HIGH INTENSITY
OBSTRUCTION LIGHTING STANDARDS (FAA Style F) Day Protection = 200,000cd White Strobe Twilight Protection = 20,000cd White Strobe Night Protection = 2,000cd Red Beacon and sidelights 1751'-2200' (533m-671m) 1401'-1750' (427m-533m) 1051'-1400" (320m-427m) 701'-1050' (213m-320m) 501'-700' (152m-213m)
- L-B64 Flashing Beacon Et - L-810 Obstruction Light avel for 360' coverages Flashheade required FIG 18 A1-19 Appendix 1
APPENDIX 2. Miscellaneous
1. RATIONALE FOR OBSTRUCTION LIGHT INTENSITIES.
Sections 91.117, 91.119 and 91.155 of the FAR Part 91, General Operating and Flight Rules, prescribe aircraft speed restrictions, minimum safe altitudes, and basic visual flight rules (VFR) weather minimums for governing the operation of aircraft, including helicopters, within the United States.
2. DISTANCE VERSUS INTENSITIES.
TBL 5 depicts the distance the various intensities can be seen under 1 and 3 statute miles meteorological visibilities:
Distance/Intensity Table Time Period Meteorological Visibility Statute Miles Distance Statute Miles Intensity Candelas
2.9 (4.7km) 1,500 (+/- 25%) 3 (4.8km) 3.1 (4.9km) 2,000 (+/- 25%) Night
1.4 (2.2km) 32
1.5 (2.4km) 200,000 1 (1.6km) 1.4 (2.2km) 100,000 Day
1.0 (1.6km) 20,000 (+/- 25%)
3.0 (4.8km) 200,000 3 (4.8km) 2.7 (4.3km) 100,000 Day
1.8 (2.9km) 20,000 (+/- 25%) Twilight 1 (1.6km) 1.0 (1.6km) to 1.5 (2.4km) 20,000 (+/- 25%)?
Twilight 3 (4.8km) 1.8 (2.9km) to 4.2 (6.7km) 20,000 (+/- 25%)?
Note-
1. DISTANCE CALCULATED FOR NORTH SKY ILLUMINANCE.
TBL 5
3. CONCLUSION.
Pilots of aircraft travelling at 165 knots (190 mph/306kph) or less should be able to see obstruction lights in sufficient time to avoid the structure by at least 2,000 feet (610m) horizontally under all conditions of operation, provi ded the pilot is operating in accordance with FAR Part 91. Pilots operating between 165 knots (190 mph/303 km/h) and 250 knots (288 mph/463 kph) should be able to see the obstruction lights unless the weather deteriorates to 3 statute miles (4.8 kilometers) visibility at night, during which time period 2,000 candelas would be required to see the lights at 1.2 statute miles (1.9km). A higher intensity, with 3 statute miles (4.8 kilometers) visibility at night, could generate a residential annoyance factor. In addition, aircraft in these speed ranges can normally be expected to operate under instrument flight rules (IFR) at night when the visibility is 1 statute mile (1.6 kilometers).
4. DEFINITIONS.
a. Flight Visibility. The average forward horizontal distance, from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight, at which prominent unlighted objects may be seen and identified by day and prominent lighted objects may be seen and identified by night.
Reference- AIRMAN’S INFORMATION MANUAL PILOT/CONTROLLER GLOSSARY.
b. Meteorological Visibility. A term that denotes the greatest distance, expressed in statute miles, that selected objects (visibility markers) or lights of moderate intensity (25 ca ndelas) can be seen and identified under specified conditions of observation.
Appendix 2 A2-1
AC 70/7460-1K 3/1/00
5. LIGHTING SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.
a. Configuration A. Red lighting system.
b. Configuration B. High Intensity White Obstruction Lights (including appurtenance lighting).
c. Configuration C. Dual Lighting System - High Intensity White & Red (including appurtenance lighting).
d. Configuration D. Medium Intensity White Lights (including appurtenance lighting).
e. Configuration E. Dual Lighting Systems - Medium Intensity White & Red (including appurtenance lighting).
Example- ‘‘CONFIGURATION B 3’’ DENOTES A HIGH INTENSITY LIGHTING SYSTEM WITH THREE LEVELS OF LIGHT.
Appendix 2A2-2