14-3 maintenance issues, system errors, communication and operational issues, lighting outages/issues, etc.
14.2.9 Operational Frequencies.
1. Unlicensed devices (including FCC Part 15) devices cannot be used for this type of system.
2. Any frequency used for the operation of ADLS must be individually licensed through the FCC.
14.3 Voice/Audio Option.
14.3.1 ADLS may include an optional voice/audio feature that transmits a low-power, audible warning message to provide pilots additional information on the obstruction they are approaching.
14.3.2 The audible transmission should be in accordance with appropriate FAA and FCC regulations.
14.3.3 The audible transmission should be over an aviation frequency licensed by the FCC and authorized under the Code of Federal Regulations Title 47- Part 87.483 (excluding
121.5 MHz).
Note: Using air traffic control frequencies in the 117.975-MHz to 137-MHz frequency band is prohibited for this operation.
14.3.4 The audible message should consist of three quick tones, followed by a verbal message that describes the type of obstruction the system is protecting. Appropriate terms to be used include tower(s), wind turbine(s), or power line(s).
14.3.5 The audible message should be repeated three times or until the system determines the aircraft is no longer within the audible warning area defined in the following paragraph.
14.3.6 The audible message should be considered as a secondary, final warning and should be activated when an aircraft is within 1/2 NM (926 m) horizontally and 500 feet (152 m) vertically of the obstruction. The use of, or variation to, the audible warning zone may occur, depending on site-specific conditions or obstruction types.
Appendix A A-1 APPENDIX A. SPECIFICATIONS FOR OBSTRUCTION LIGHTING EQUIPMENT
CLASSIFICATION Table A-1. FAA-Approved Obstruction Lighting Fixtures Type Symbol Description L-810
Steady-Burning - RED Single Obstruction Light L-810
Steady-Burning – RED Double Obstruction Light L-856
High-Intensity Flashing – WHITE Obstruction Light (40 FPM) L-857
High-Intensity Flashing – WHITE Catenary Light (60 FPM) L-864
Medium-Intensity Flashing – RED Obstruction Light (20-40 FPM) L-865
Medium-Intensity Flashing – WHITE Obstruction Light (40-FPM) L-866
Medium-Intensity Flashing - WHITE Catenary Light (60-FPM) L-864/L-865
Medium-Intensity Flashing Dual – RED / WHITE Obstruction Light (20-40 FPM) Obstruction Light (40 FPM) L-885
Low-Intensity Flashing - RED Red Catenary Light (60 FPM) FPM = Flashes Per Minute
Appendix A
CATENARY UNLIGHTED MARKERS Required for transmission lines less than 69 kV Recognizable from a minimum distance of 4,000 ft (1,219 m) Wire markers may be staggered over the catenary to enable better wind load distribution 200 ft (61 m)
- Violation Area (Above 200 ft (61 m) AGL) 25 ft (8 m) max distance unless line design sag requirements are greater Unlighted Marker Ball Extensive catenary wires: min 36-inch- (91-cm-) diameter markers; less extensive catenary wires: 20-inch- (51-cm-) or 12-inch-
(30.48-cm-) diameter markers.
Evenly spaced along the wire at approximately 200-ft (61-m) intervals.
Lighted markers should be a solid color, such as aviation orange, white or yellow.
Lighted markers should alternate aviation orange, white, yellow with aviation orange markers positioned at each end.
If less than four lighted markers are on the line, all markers should be aviation orange.
Figure A-1. Catenary Unlighted Markers A-2
Appendix A
CATENARY MARKERS - LINE SPACING Adjacent Lines Greater Than 200 ft (61 m) Away Required for transmission lines 69 kV or greater Recognizable from a minimum distance of 4,000 ft (1,219 m) Wire markers may be staggered over the catenary to enable better wind load distribution Greater Than 200 ft (61 m) 200 ft (61 m) Violation Area (Above 200 ft (61 m) AGL) 25 ft (8 m) max distance unless line design sag requirements are greater Unlighted Marker Ball Extensive catenary wires: min 36-inch- (91-cm-) diameter markers; less extensive catenary wires: 20-inch- (51-cm-) or 12-inch-
(30.48-cm-) diameter markers.
Evenly spaced along the wire at approximately 200-ft (61-m) intervals.
Unlighted markers should alternate aviation orange, white, yellow, with aviation orange markers positioned at each end.
If less than four markers (lighted or unlighted) are on the line, all markers should be aviation orange.
Catenary crossings with multiple transmission lines require additional line markers when the outside lines on the adjacent structure are more than 200-ft (61-m) from the center of the primary structure.
Figure A-2. Catenary Markers - Line Spacing (Adjacent Lines Greater Than 200 ft (61 m) Away) A-3
Appendix A
CATENARY MARKERS - LINE SPACING Adjacent Lines Within 200 ft (61 m) or Less Required for transmission lines less than 69 kV Recognizable from a minimum distance of 4,000 ft (1,219 m) Wire markers may be staggered over the catenary to enable better wind load distribution 200 ft (61 m) or Less 200 ft (61 m)
- Violation Area (Above 200 ft (61 m) AGL) 25 ft (8 m) max distance unless line design sag requirements are greater Unlighted Marker Ball Extensive catenary wires: min 36-inch- (91-cm-) diameter markers; less extensive catenary wires: 20-inch- (51-cm-) or 12-inch-
(30.48-cm-) diameter markers.
Evenly spaced along the wire at approximately 200-ft (61-m) intervals.
Unlighted markers should alternate aviation orange, white, yellow, with aviation orange markers positioned at each end.
If less than four markers (lighted or unlighted) are on the line, all markers should be aviation orange.
Catenary crossings with multiple transmission lines require additional line markers when the outside lines on the adjacent structure are more than 200-ft (61-m) from the center of the primary structure.
Figure A-3. Catenary Markers - Line Spacing (Adjacent Lines Within 200 ft (61 m) or Less A-4
Appendix A
CATENARY OBSTRUCTION LIGHTING Day Protection = 270,000 cd White Light Twilight Protection = 20,000 cd White Light Night Protection = 2,000 cd Red Light Flash Sequence = Middle | Top | Bottom Top - Middle Bottom 20% Variance Allowed
TOP CATENARY TOWER 60 ЕРМ IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CROSSING Middle Bottom 55 ГРМ - 60 гРМ - 20% Variance Allowed = L-857 (Flashing White Light) = 360° Visibility (Catenary Light 60 FPM) - (3) Flashheads per level for 360° coverage) = L-866 (Flashing White Light) = 180° Visibility (RIGHT) (Catenary Light 60 FPM) = L-885 (Flashing Red Light) = 180° Visibility (LEFT) (Catenary Light 60 FPM) Figure A-4. Catenary Obstruction Lighting А-5
Appendix A
CATENARY LIGHTED MARKERS Used in Conjunction with Unlighted Markers Required for transmission lines 69 kV or greater Recognizable from a minimum distance of 4,000 ft (1,219 m) Wire markers may be staggered over the catenary to enable better wind load distribution 200 ft (61 m)
- Violation Area (Above 200 ft (61 m) AGL) 25 ft (8 m) max distance unless line design sag requirements are greater Unlighted Marker Ball Lighted Marker Ball Extensive catenary wires: min 36-inch- (91-cm-) diameter markers; less extensive catenary wires: 20-inch- (51-cm-) or 12-inch-
(30.48-cm-) diameter markers.
Evenly spaced along the wire at approximately 200-ft (61-m) intervals.
Lighted and unlighted markers should be a solid color, such as aviation orange, white or yellow.
Lighted and unlighted markers should alternate aviation orange, white, yellow with aviation orange markers positioned at each end.
If less than four markers (lighted or unlighted) are on the line, all markers should be aviation orange.
Figure A-5. Catenary Lighted Markers A-6
Appendix A
RED OBSTRUCTION LIGHT
STANDARDS (FAA STYLE A) Day Protection = Aviation Orange / White Paint Night Protection = 2,000 cd Red Light (32 cd Red Side lights for A1) 1,901 ft (579 m) - 2,100 ft (640 m) Paint Bands (Twenty-One) 1,701 ft (518 m) - 1,900 ft (579 m) Paint Bands (Nineteen) Above 1,750 ft - 2,200 ft (522 m - 671 m) 1,501 ft (547 m) - 1,700 ft (518 m) Paint Bands (Seventeen) Above 1,400 ft - 1,750 ft 1,301 ft (396 m) - 1,500 ft (547 m) Paint Bands (Fifteen) (427 m - 533 m) 1,101 ft (335 m) - 1,300 ft (396 m) Paint Bands (Thirteen) Above 1,050 ft - 1,400 ft (320 m - 427 m) 901 ft (274 m) - 1,100 ft (335 m) Paint Bands (Eleven) 701 ft (213 m) - 900 ft (274 m) Above 700 ft - 1,050 ft Paint Bands (Nine) (213 m - 320 m)
10.5 ft (3 m) - 700 ft (213 m) Paint Bands (Seven) Above 350 ft - 700 ft (107 m - 213 m) Two or more L-810 lights configured to flash in sync with L-864 Above 150 ft - 350 ft (46 m - 107 m) 0 ft - 150 ft (0 m - 46 m) VIN AO A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 PAINT BANDS = 1-864 (Flashing Red Light) Configured to flash at a rate of 30 fpm (+ 3 fpm) = L-810 (Single Light) Configured to flash in sync with L-864 = L-810 (Double Light) Figure A-6. Red Obstruction Light Standards A-7
Appendix A
MEDIUM-INTENSITY WHITE OBSTRUCTION LIGHT
STANDARDS (FAA STYLE D) Day / Twilight Protection = 20,000 cd White Light Night Protection = 2,000 cd White Light (Painting of tower is typically not required) One-half but not lower than 200 it (61 m) Above 350 ft - 700 ft (107 m - 213 m) Above 200 ft - 350 ft (61 m - 107 m) D1 D2 = L-865 (Flashing White Light) Figure A-7. Medium-Intensity White Obstruction Light Standards A-8
Appendix A
HIGH-INTENSITY WHITE OBSTRUCTION LIGHT
STANDARDS (FAA STYLE B) STRUCTURE WITH APPURTENANCE 40 ft (12 m) OR LESS Day Protection = 270,000 cd White Light Twilight Protection = 20,000 cd White Light Night Protection = 2,000 cd White Light
• e Above 1,750 ft - 2,200 ft (533 m - 671 m) Appurtenance Above 1,400 ft - 1,750 ft 40 ft (12 m) or less (427 m - 533 m) Above 1,050 ft - 1,400 ft (320 m - 427 m) Above 700 ft - 1,050 ft (213 m - 320 m) For towers 700 ft (213 m) and below, see the appropriate medium-intensity FAA style sheet ВЗ B4 B5 B6 = L-856 (Flashing White Light) (3 flash heads required per level for 360° coverage) Figure A-8. High-Intensity White Obstruction Light Standards-Structures With Appurtenance 40 Feet or Less A-9
Appendix A
HIGH-INTENSITY WHITE OBSTRUCTION LIGHT
STANDARDS (FAA STYLE C) STRUCTURE WITH APPURTENANCE GREATER THAN 40 ft (12 m) Day Protection = 270,000 cd White Light Twilight Protection = 20,000 cd White Light Night Protection = 2,000 cd White Light Above 1,750 ft - 2,200 ft (533 m - 671 m) Appurtenance exceeding Above 1,400 ft - 1,750 ft 40 ft (12 m) above the structure (427 m - 533 m) Above 1,050 ft - 1,400 ft (320 m - 427 m) Above 700 ft - 1,050 ft (213 m - 320 m) For towers 700 ft (213 m) and below, see the appropriate medium-intensity FAA style sheet СЗ C4 C5 C6 = L-856 (Flashing White Light) (3 flash heads required per level for 360° coverage) =L-865 (Flashing White Light) Figure A-9. High-Intensity Obstruction Lighting Standards-Structures With Appurtenance Over 40 Feet High A-10
Appendix A
MEDIUM-INTENSITY DUAL OBSTRUCTION LIGHT
STANDARDS (FAA STYLE E) Day / Twilight Protection = 20,000 cd White Light Night Protection = 2,000 cd Red Light and 32 cd side lights (Painting of tower is typically not required) One-half but not lower than 200 ft (61 m) Above 350 ft - 700 ft Two or more L-810 lights (107 m - 213 m) configured to flash in sync with L-864 Above 200 ft - 350 ft (61 m - 107 m) E1 E2 = L-864 / L-865 (Flashing Dual [Red / White] Light L-864 configured to flash at a rate of 30 fpm (+ 3 fpm)
• =L-810 (Single Light) Configured to flash in sync with L-864 Figure A-10. Medium-Intensity Dual Obstruction Lighting Standards A-11