Appendix 3 APPENDIX 3. DEFINITIONS The following terms have the meaning listed when used in this AC:
a. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B). ADS-B is a function on an aircraft or vehicle that periodically broadcasts its state vector (horizontal and vertical position, horizontal and vertical velocity) and other information.
b. ADS-B Airspace. The airspace specified in 14 CFR part 91, § 91.225.
c. ADS-B IN. ADS-B IN is the receipt, processing, and display of ADS-B transmissions.
ADS-B IN is necessary to utilize ADS-B traffic and broadcast services (e.g., Flight Information Service-Broadcast (FIS-B) and Traffic Information Service-Broadcast (TIS-B)).
d. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Rebroadcast (ADS-R). ADS-R is a link-translation and rebroadcast function of the ADS-B ground system that allows both ADS-B frequencies (1090 Extended Squitter (ES) and 978 megahertz (MHz)) to share information.
e. ADS-B OUT. Transmission of an aircraft’s position, altitude, velocity, and other information to other aircraft and air traffic control (ATC) ground-based surveillance systems.
f. Extended Squitter (ES). ES is how ADS-B messages are transmitted from a Mode Select (Mode S) transponder. ES is a long message (e.g., format DF=17) that Mode S transponders transmit automatically, without interrogation by radar, to announce the own-ship aircraft’s presence to nearby ADS-B-equipped aircraft and ground stations.
g. Flightcrew. One or more cockpit crewmembers required for the operation of the aircraft.
h. Flight Information Service-Broadcast (FIS-B). FIS-B is a ground broadcast service provided over the Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) data link. The FAA FIS-B system provides pilots and flightcrews of properly equipped aircraft with a cockpit display of certain aviation weather and aeronautical information.
i. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The generic term for a satellite navigation system, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), that provides autonomous worldwide geospatial positioning and may include local or regional augmentations.
j. Global Positioning System (GPS). GPS is a U.S. satellite-based radio navigation system that provides a global positioning service. The service provided by GPS for civil use is defined in the GPS Standard Positioning System Performance Standard, 4th edition.
k. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). A United Nations organization that is responsible for developing international standards and for recommending practices and procedures covering a variety of technical fields of aviation.
Appendix 3
l. ICAO 24-Bit Address. Address assigned to each aircraft transponder or ADS-B transmitter. For aircraft equipped with Mode S transponders, their replies to Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) interrogations and their ADS-B transmissions should use the same 24-bit address, allowing correlations by Airborne Surveillance and Separation Assurance Processing (ASSAP).
m. Mode A. One of a possible 4,096 identification codes that are transmitted from an aircraft transponder or ADS-B transmitter to ground-based radars or ADS-B ground stations.
Secondary radars interrogate the aircraft transponder for the Mode A code. In ADS-B, the aircraft includes its Mode A code as part of a transmitted ADS-B message. The Mode A code is also known as the squawk code for the aircraft. The Mode A (military Mode 3) is used in ATC for associating flight plans with surveillance data.
n. Mode C. The encoded barometric altitude from an onboard pressure sensor is contained in the Mode C. This altitude information is transmitted by the aircraft transponder in response to an appropriate interrogation from a secondary radar system. The Mode C is used by ATC to determine the altitude of the reporting aircraft.
o. Mode S. A Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) system that operates using addressed interrogation on 1030 MHz, and the transponder replies on 1090 MHz. Mode S systems interrogate for aircraft identity (Mode A), altitude (Mode C), and other aircraft-specific information. The aircraft transponder replies with the requested information. Mode S supports a two-way frequency and an ADS-B service known as ES.
p. Position Source. The onboard avionics equipment that provides the latitude, longitude, geometric altitude, velocity, position and velocity accuracy metrics, and position integrity metric.
Additionally, the position source may provide the vertical rate parameters.
q. Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR). A radar sensor that listens to replies sent by transponders carried on onboard airborne targets. SSR sensors, in contrast to primary surveillance radar (PSR) sensors, require the aircraft under surveillance to carry a transponder.
r. Surveillance. Detection, tracking, characterization, and observation of aircraft, other vehicles, weather, and airspace status information and phenomena for the purposes of conducting flight operations in a safe and efficient manner. The primary purposes of traffic surveillance (as distinct from all surveillance functionality) are to control the flow of aircraft, to provide situational awareness (SA) for pilots and controllers, and to separate aircraft.
s. Traffic Information Service-Broadcast (TIS-B). TIS-B is a ground broadcast service provided from an ADS-B ground system network over the UAT and 1090ES links that provides position, velocity, and other information on traffic that is detected by airport surface detection equipment (ASDE), SSR, or Wide Area Multilateration (WAM), but that is not transmitting an ADS-B position. TIS-B service will always be deployed with the ADS-R service so that a complete traffic picture is provided for both non-equipped and alternate-link-equipped aircraft.
t. Transponder. The airborne radar beacon receiver/transmitter portion of the ATC radar beacon system (ATCRBS) or Mode S that automatically receives radio signals from interrogators
Appendix 3 Page 3 (and 4) on the ground and selectively replies with a specific reply pulse or pulse group only to those interrogations being received on the mode to which it is set to respond.
u. Universal Access Transceiver (UAT). UAT is a wideband multipurpose data link intended to operate globally on a single channel with a channel signaling rate of just over 1 megabit per second (Mbps). By design, UAT supports multiple broadcast services, including FIS-B and TIS-B, in addition to ADS-B.
Appendix 4 APPENDIX 4. RELATED REGULATIONS AND READING MATERIAL
1. RELATED 14 CFRs. You can find the CFRs online at www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr.
• Part 1, § 1.1, General Definitions.
• Part 21, § 21.50, Instructions for Continued Airworthiness and Manufacturer’s Maintenance Manuals Having Airworthiness Limitations Sections.
• Part 61, Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors.
• Part 91:
• Section 91.1, Applicability;
• Section 91.103, Preflight Action;
• Section 91.130, Operations in Class C Airspace;
• Section 91.131, Operations in Class B Airspace;
• Section 91.135, Operations in Class A Airspace;
• Section 91.217, Data Correspondence Between Automatically Reported Pressure Altitude Data and the Pilot’s Altitude Reference;
• Section 91.225, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out Equipment and Use (see RIN 2120-A192);
• Section 91.227, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out Equipment Performance Requirements (See RIN 2120-A192); and
• Subpart K (Part 91K), Fractional Ownership Operations.
• Part 121, Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations.
• Part 125, Certification and Operations: Airplanes Having a Seating Capacity of 20 or More Passengers or a Maximum Payload Capacity of 6,000 Pounds or More; and Rules Governing Persons On Board Such Aircraft.
• Part 133, Rotorcraft External-Load Operations.
• Part 135, Operating Requirements: Commuter and On Demand Operations and Rules Governing Persons On Board Such Aircraft.
• Part 137, Agricultural Aircraft Operations.
2. RELATED READING MATERIAL.
• You can find this and other ACs on the FAA Web site at http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars.
• Inspectors can access FAA Order 8900.1, Flight Standards Information Management System (FSIMS), through http://fsims.avs.faa.gov. Air carriers, operators, and the public can access Order 8900.1 through http://fsims.faa.gov.
• You can find a current list of Technical Standard Orders (TSO) on the FAA Regulatory and Guidance Library (RGL) Web site at http://rgl.faa.gov.
Appendix 4
a. FAA Guidance Material (current editions):
(1) AC 20-165, Airworthiness Approval of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast Out Equipment for Operation in the National Airspace System (NAS);
(2) AC 20-172, Airworthiness Approval for ADS-B IN Systems and Applications;
(3) FAA Order 8900.1, Flight Standards Information Management Systems (FSIMS), Volume 3, Chapter 18, Section 3, Part A Operations Specifications—General, Operations Specifications/Management Specifications/Letter of Authorization A353, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Operations; and
(4) Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM).
b. FAA TSOs:
(1) TSO-C112(), Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System/Mode Select (ATCRBS/Mode S) Airborne Equipment;
(2) TSO-C129(), Airborne Supplemental Navigation Equipment Using the Global Positioning System (GPS);
(3) TSO-C145(), Airborne Navigation Sensors Using the Global Positioning System Augmented by the Satellite Based Augmentation System;
(4) TSO-C146(), Stand-Alone Airborne Navigation Equipment Using the Global Positioning System Augmented by the Satellite Based Augmentation System;
(5) TSO-C154c, Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Equipment Operating on Frequency of 978 MHz;
(6) TSO-C166b, Extended Squitter Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and Traffic Information Service-Broadcast (TIS-B) Equipment Operating on the Radio Frequency of 1090 Megahertz (MHz);
(7) TSO-C195, Avionics Supporting Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Aircraft Surveillance Applications (ASA); and
(8) TSO-C196(), Airborne Supplemental Navigation Sensors for Global Positioning System Equipment Using Aircraft Based Augmentation.
3. INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION S (current editions).
a. Asia-Pacific. Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS), Aeronautical Information Circular (AIC) 14/10, Introduction to Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) Out Service within Parts of the Singapore FIR.
Appendix 4 Page 3 (and 4)
b. Australia.
(1) Australia AIC H09/11, Transition to Satellite Technology for Navigation and Surveillance;
(2) Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) Civil Aviation Order (CAO) 20.18, Aircraft Equipment—Basic Operational Requirements; and
(3) CASA CAO 82.5, Condition on Air Operators’ Certificates Authorising Regular Public Transport Operations in High Capacity Aircraft.
c. Canada.
(1) Transport Canada AC 700-009, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast; and
(2) NAV CANADA AIC 21/09, Air Traffic Flow Management in the Vicinity of Hudson Bay as a Result of Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast Out Implementation.
d. Europe.
(1) EASA AMC 20-24, Certification Considerations for the Enhanced ATS in Non Radar Areas using ADS-B Surveillance (ADS-B-NRA) Application via 1090 MHz Extended Squitter, dated February 5, 2008;
(2) The European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL), Flight Crew Guidance for Flight Operations in ADS-B Only Surveillance Airspace, dated February 7, 2008;
(3) EUROCONTROL, Guidance for the Provision of Air Traffic Services Using ADS-B in Non Radar Airspace (NRA), dated January 28, 2008; and
(4) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Asia and Pacific Offices ADS-B Implementation and Operations Guidance Document, current edition.