Appendix D D-2 D.10 Flight Information Service-Broadcast (FIS-B). FIS-B is a ground broadcast service provided over the 978 MHz frequency Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) data link.
The FAA FIS-B system provides pilots and flightcrews of properly equipped aircraft (ADS-B In) with a flight deck display of certain aviation weather and aeronautical information for advisory-only use.
D.11 Flightcrew. One or more flight deck crewmembers required for the operation of the aircraft.
D.12 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The generic term for a satellite navigation system, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), that provides autonomous worldwide geospatial positioning and may include local or regional augmentations.
D.13 Global Positioning System (GPS). GPS is a U.S. satellite-based radio navigation system that provides a global positioning service. The service provided by GPS for civil use is defined in the GPS Standard Positioning System (SPS) Performance Standard.
D.14 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). A United Nations organization that is responsible for developing international standards and for recommending practices and procedures covering a variety of technical fields of aviation.
D.15 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 24-Bit Address (Mode S Code).
Address (octal format) assigned to each aircraft transponder or ADS-B transmitter during registration or change of registration. The correct address is required, pursuant to § 91.227(d)(11), to be transmitted by both the installed transponder(s) and the ADS-B Out system (1090ES/UAT). For aircraft equipped with Mode S transponders, their replies to TCAS to enable proper operation of TCAS avionics and ATC ground systems interrogations and their ADS-B transmissions should use the same 24-bit address, allowing correlations by Airborne Surveillance and Separation Assurance Processing (ASSAP).
D.16 In-Trail Procedures (ITP). ITP are designed primarily for use in nonradar oceanic airspace to enable appropriately equipped ADS-B In aircraft to perform flight level (FL) changes previously unavailable with procedural separation minima applied.
D.17 Mode A. One of a possible 4,096 identification codes that are transmitted from an aircraft transponder or ADS-B transmitter to ground-based radars or ADS-B ground stations.
Secondary radars interrogate the aircraft transponder for the Mode A code. In ADS-B, the aircraft includes its Mode A code as part of a transmitted ADS-B message. The Mode A code is also known as the squawk code for the aircraft. The Mode A (military Mode 3) is used in ATC for associating flight plans (FP) with surveillance data.
D.18 Mode C. The encoded barometric altitude from an onboard pressure sensor is contained in the Mode C. This altitude information is transmitted by the aircraft transponder in response to an appropriate interrogation from a secondary radar system. The Mode C is used by ATC to determine the altitude of the reporting aircraft.
Appendix D D-3 D.19 Mode S. A Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) system that operates using addressed interrogation on 1030 MHz, and the transponder replies on 1090 MHz. Mode S systems interrogate for aircraft identity (Mode A), altitude (Mode C), and other aircraft-specific information. The aircraft transponder replies with the requested information. Mode S supports a two-way frequency and an ADS-B service known as ES.
D.20 Non-Performing Equipment (NPE). ADS-B Out-equipped aircraft operating contrary to § 91.225 and/or § 91.227.
D.21 Position Source. The onboard avionics equipment that provides the latitude, longitude, geometric altitude, velocity, position and velocity accuracy metrics, and position integrity metric to the ADS-B transmitter. Additionally, the position source may provide the vertical rate parameters. Currently, only GPS, GPS with wide area augmentation systems (WAAS), and Aircraft-Based Augmentation System (ABAS) sensors tightly integrated with GPS are approved as position sources.
D.22 Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR). A radar sensor that listens to replies sent by transponders carried on onboard airborne targets. SSR sensors, in contrast to Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR) sensors, require the aircraft under surveillance to carry a transponder.
D.23 Statement of Compliance. The statement of compliance is a manufacturer-generated document that states the ADS-B equipment, when installed in accordance with the installation instructions, complies with all requirements of § 91.227, and with the performance requirements of the appropriate Technical Standard Order (TSO).
D.24 Surveillance. Detection, tracking, characterization, and observation of aircraft, other vehicles, weather, and airspace status information and phenomena for the purposes of conducting flight operations in a safe and efficient manner. The primary purposes of traffic surveillance (as distinct from all surveillance functionality) are to control the flow of aircraft, to provide situational awareness for pilots and controllers, and to separate aircraft.
D.25 Traffic Information Service-Broadcast (TIS-B). TIS-B is a ground broadcast service provided from an ADS-B ground system network over the UAT and 1090ES links that provides position, velocity, and other information on traffic that is detected by airport surface detection equipment (ASDE), SSR, or Wide Area Multilateration (WAM), but that is not transmitting an ADS-B position. TIS-B service will always be deployed with the ADS-R service so that a complete traffic picture is provided for both non-equipped and alternate-link-equipped aircraft.
D.26 Transponder. The airborne radar beacon receiver/transmitter portion of the ATC radar beacon system (ATCRBS) or Mode S that automatically receives radio signals from interrogators on the ground and selectively replies with a specific reply pulse or pulse group only to those interrogations being received on the mode to which it is set to respond.
Appendix D D-4 D.27 Universal Access Transceiver (UAT). UAT is a wideband multipurpose data link intended to operate globally on a single channel with a channel signaling rate of just over 1 megabit per second (Mbps). By design, UAT supports multiple broadcast services, including FIS-B and TIS-B, in addition to ADS-B.
D.28 Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC). Weather conditions in which pilots have sufficient visibility to fly the aircraft while maintaining visual separation from terrain and other aircraft. The exact requirements vary by class of airspace (e.g., Class B airspace:
3 statute miles (sm) visibility, clear of clouds).
Appendix E E-1 APPENDIX E. RELATED REGULATIONS AND READING MATERIAL E.1 Related Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) Parts. You can find the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) online at http://www.ecfr.gov.
1. Part 1, § 1.1, General Definitions.
2. Part 21, § 21.50, Instructions for Continued Airworthiness and Manufacturer’s Maintenance Manuals Having Airworthiness Limitations Sections.
3. Part 61, Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors.
4. Part 91, General Operating and Flight Rules:
• Section 91.1, Applicability;
• Section 91.103, Preflight Action;
• Section 91.130, Operations in Class C Airspace;
• Section 91.131, Operations in Class B Airspace;
• Section 91.135, Operations in Class A Airspace;
• Section 91.217, Data Correspondence Between Automatically Reported Pressure Altitude Data and the Pilot’s Altitude Reference;
• Section 91.225, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out Equipment and Use (refer to Registry Identification Number (RIN) 2120-AI92, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Equipage Mandate to Support Air Traffic Control Service);
• Section 91.227, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out Equipment Performance Requirements (refer to RIN 2120-AI92); and
• Subpart K (Part 91K), Fractional Ownership Operations.
5. Part 121, Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations.
6. Part 125, Certification and Operations: Airplanes Having a Seating Capacity of 20 or More Passengers or a Maximum Payload Capacity of 6,000 Pounds or More; and Rules Governing Persons On Board Such Aircraft.
7. Part 133, Rotorcraft External-Load Operations.
8. Part 135, Operating Requirements: Commuter and On Demand Operations and Rules Governing Persons On Board Such Aircraft.
9. Part 137, Agricultural Aircraft Operations.
Appendix E E-2 E.2 Related Reading Materials (current editions).
• You can find this and other advisory circulars (AC) on the FAA’s website at http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars.
• Inspectors can access FAA Order 8900.1 via the Flight Standards Information Management System (FSIMS) at http://fsims.avs.faa.gov. Air carriers, operators, and the public can access Order 8900.1 at http://fsims.faa.gov.
• You can find a current list of Technical Standard Orders (TSO) on the FAA’s Regulatory and Guidance Library (RGL) website at http://rgl.faa.gov.
E.2.1 FAA Guidance Material.
1. AC 20-165, Airworthiness Approval of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast OUT Systems.
2. AC 20-172, Airworthiness Approval for ADS-B In Systems and Applications.
3. Order 8900.1, Volume 3, Chapter 18, Section 3, OpSpec/MSpec/LOA A354, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) In-Trail Procedure (ITP).
4. Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM), paragraphs 4-5-7 through 4-5-10.
5. Surveillance and Broadcast Services Description Document, SRT-047 (current revision).
E.2.2 FAA TSOs (edition listed below or later).
1. TSO-C112d, Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System/Mode Select (ATCRBS/Mode S) Airborne Equipment.
2. TSO-C129a, Airborne Supplemental Navigation Equipment Using the Global Positioning System (GPS).
3. TSO-C145c, Airborne Navigation Sensors Using the Global Positioning System Augmented by the Satellite Based Augmentation System.
4. TSO-C146c, Stand-Alone Airborne Navigation Equipment Using the Global Positioning System Augmented by the Satellite Based Augmentation System.
5. TSO-C154c, Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Equipment Operating on Frequency of 978 MHz.
6. TSO-C157a, Aircraft Flight Information Services-Broadcast (FIS-B) Data Link Systems and Equipment.
7. TSO-C166b, Extended Squitter Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and Traffic Information Service-Broadcast (TIS-B) Equipment Operating on the Radio Frequency of 1090 Megahertz (MHz).
Appendix E E-3
8. TSO-C195, Avionics Supporting Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Aircraft Surveillance Applications (ASA).
9. TSO-C196a, Airborne Supplemental Navigation Sensors for Global Positioning System Equipment using Aircraft-Based Augmentation.
E.2.3 RTCA, Inc. Documents.
1. RTCA DO-260B, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for 1090 MHz Extended Squitter Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) and Traffic Information Services - Broadcast (TIS-B).
2. RTCA DO-282, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B).
3. RTCA DO-312 Supplement, Safety, Performance and Interoperability Requirements Document for the In Trail Procedure in Oceanic Airspace (ATSA-ITP) Application.
4. RTCA DO-317B, Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for Aircraft Surveillance Applications (ASA) System.
5. RTCA DO-354, Safety and Performance Requirements Document for CDTI Assited Visual Separation (CAVS).
E.3 European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Publications (current editions):
1. EASA Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) 20-24, Certification Considerations for the Enhanced ATS in Non-Radar Areas using ADS-B Surveillance (ADS-B-NRA) Application via 1090 MHz Extended Squitter.
2. EASA Certification Specifications and Acceptable Means of Compliance Airborne Communications, Navigation and Surveillance (CS-ACNS).