Chap 4 Page 4-5
e. Missed Approach Procedure.
(1) The missed approach procedure is a climb to 900 ft in the HEDA then a climbing turn to the MEA direct to the HEDA fix coordinates, remain within 10 NM of the HEDA, or as directed by ATC.
(2) The missed approach holding procedure is established over the HEDA fix coordinates on the inbound course, with 3 NM legs, maintaining the MEA or as directed by ATC.
(3) The missed procedure must be executed when any of the following occurs:
(a) Failure to establish and maintain VFR conditions at the HEDA coordinates.
(b) Failure of airborne radar or appearance of a radar target in the HEDA below 700 ft MSL.
(c) Failure of the radio altimeter below 700 ft MSL.
(4) Lost communication procedure after the missed approach. Execute the published missed approach procedure and then proceed direct to the alternate at the MEA.
f. Alternate Requirements. When the IFR flight plan destination is a HEDA, an alternate destination shall be filed. If the alternate is to an established onshore airport, a standard or special instrument approach procedure other than GPS or LORAN C is required.
Appendix 1 APPENDIX 1. REQUESTS FOR APPROVAL OF OSAP, ARA,
OR HEDA PROCEDURES
1. SUBMISSION OF APPLICATION FOR PROCEDURES APPROVAL. A certificated air carrier submits a written request with the proposed chart through the CHDO POI to the FSDO having jurisdiction over the area of intended operation. All other operators submit requests directly to the FSDO having jurisdiction over the area of intended operation. The FSDO having jurisdiction forwards the procedure to the regional All Weather Operations (AWO) program manager for approval and coordination with air traffic elements. The FAA will evaluate the requests to ensure that a particular radar and GPS or LORAN C or other navigation requirement combination meets minimum requirements, that flight crew training requirements are met, and helicopter and avionics maintenance requirements are adequate. FAA engineering flight test and evaluation are required if a radar is installed that has not previously been approved for obstruction avoidance. The application should include the following items:
a. OSAP, ARA, or HEDA.
(1) Include in this application a list of helicopters, the type of navigation equipment installed, and evidence of FAA approval of the airborne radar system for obstacle avoidance.
(2) A description of the equipment installation, helicopter flight manual supplements and changes, and proposed Minimum Equipment Lists (MEL), if appropriate.
(3) The training program.
(4) The maintenance program.
(5) Location of nearest weather and altimeter setting source.
(6) Charted procedure. The procedure may be charted by the operator or the FAA on a reimbursable basis. The operator will submit the original charted procedure to the CHDO with sufficient copies for the CHDO to send to the regional AWO program manager and, if appropriate, the FSDO having jurisdiction.
(7) Platform lighting.
(8) Recommendation as to night operations.
(9) Communication frequencies.
(10) Platform markings.
b. ARA (only). The request should contain evidence of an FAA approval of any required ground-based transponder beacon and a description of any ground-based transponder beacon installation.
The following are required for submission:
(1) Navigation systems to be used (shore to platform).
Appendix 1
(2) Elevation and location of all landing platforms, rigs or drilling ships, and any other obstacles within the intermediate and final approach areas.
(3) Availability and requirement for use of a platform-based radar transponder beacon.
(4) A letter from the applicant indicating willingness to enter into an agreement to pay expenses associated with procedure development and flight inspection costs incurred when accomplished by the FAA. The letter should include the name, address, and phone number of a person authorized to execute agreements on behalf of the company requesting the procedure.
c. HEDA (only).
(1) A representative pictorial and written description of the proposed HEDA.
(2) HEDA location (latitude and longitude to within the nearest tenth of a second).
(3) Operations and training manual revisions to incorporate HEDA’s, if it is an initial application.
(4) The date of first intended use and the proposed length of service that authorization is sought.
2. HELICOPTER OSAP, ARA, AND HEDA PROCEDURES TO OFFSHORE PLATFORMS ARE CLASSIFIED AS SPECIAL PROCEDURES. The procedures will be developed for individual operators through various sources and issued to the users through OpsSpecs or LOA’s. The OpsSpecs or LOA’s usually contain conditional authorizations that apply to individual operators. The Manager of the Flight Standards Division in the region having jurisdiction for the operation is the approving authority for these special instrument approach procedures. Flight Standards Division Managers may delegate this authority to other FAA personnel. Coordination and distribution of FAA Form 8260-7, Special Instrument Approach Procedures, is accomplished by the regional AWO program manager.
3. COORDINATION. The request will be submitted to the CHDO. After reviewing the request, the CHDO will arrange a coordination meeting with air traffic elements that will be involved (center, approach control, flight service station, etc.). The POI’s, in conjunction with the AWO program manager, must determine that the proposed procedure meets criteria of this AC and that positive course guidance is available for the entire route. When operations are to be conducted in a different region, the CHDO is responsible for coordinating, through its regional headquarters, with the FSDO having jurisdiction over the geographic area in which operations are to be conducted. The office having geographic responsibility will normally perform route checks and other required inspections, and forward reports of these inspections to the POI. When all requirements have been met, the POI will authorize the operator to conduct operations by means of a nonstandard OpsSpecs paragraph or an LOA.
4. SPECIFIC OPERATOR REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES. Any operator that wishes to be approved for IFR offshore operations must ensure that the following navigation and facility requirements are met:
a. Route Requirements. Operators may develop these proposed and specified routes by Class I station reference navigation where adequate signal coverage is available. Outside of the area where signal
Appendix 1 coverage is available, the operator must provide a suitable means of Class II navigation. By means of validation tests in VFR conditions, POI’s shall ensure that the operator is able to demonstrate adequate navigational performance for these routes before being granted approval to use them. All fix coordinates will be submitted by the FSDO having jurisdiction to the regional AWO program manager for coordination and providing alphanumeric names when required.
b. Terminal Procedures. Appropriate OSAP, ARA, or HEDA charts and operating procedures must be approved by the AWO program manager before being published in the operator's manual. The POI grants the authorization by means of a nonstandard OpsSpecs or an LOA.
c. Weather Reporting Requirements for OSAP, ARA, or HEDA. Refer to FAA Order 8400.10, Volume 4, Aircraft Equipment and Operational Authorizations, Chapter 7. Rotorcraft Authorizations and Limitations, Section 1. IFR Offshore Operations.
5. CHDO APPLICATION FOR A PROCEDURE. When the CHDO receives an application for a procedure that involves a FSDO outside of its region, the CHDO should immediately contact the other FSDO through the regional Flight Standards Division (RFSD) to ensure a timely implementation of the request. This should include, but not be limited to, the appropriate air traffic division/facility, the RFSD, and operations branch where the operations are proposed. When operations are proposed outside the certificate holding region, coordination among all concerned parties should be completed before the CHDO issues OpsSpecs or an LOA.
a. Navigational Equipment. The POI must coordinate with the principal avionics inspector (PAI) to ensure that the navigational equipment required, including radio altimeter and weather radar with a mapping mode, is appropriately installed and approved for the proposed type of operation.
b. Extended Over Water or IFR Operations Equipment. POI’s must determine that all navigation equipment to be used in these operations complies with the requirements of 14 CFR Part 135.165(b).
c. Issuance of an LOA or OpsSpecs. All operators prior to conducting IFR offshore operations are required to obtain either an LOA or OpsSpecs. When POI’s are satisfied that all requirements are met and that appropriate coordination with the FAA airworthiness, avionics, and flight procedures office has been accomplished:
(1) The 14 CFR Part 91 operators will be issued an LOA. A sample LOA is provided in appendix 2.
(2) The 14 CFR Part 135 operators will be issued OpsSpecs. A sample OpsSpecs is provided in appendix 3.
d. Authorization Limit. An LOA or OpsSpecs authorizing the use of HEDA procedures is valid for one year from the date of issue. Any operator wishing to obtain HEDA revalidation must submit written confirmation to the POI ensuring that the HEDA is clear of obstructions and that positive course guidance is available. The operator must provide the means for any on-site inspection by the POI.
Appendix 2 APPENDIX 2. SAMPLE LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION FOR OSAP, ARA, OR HEDA August 15, 1988 Teague Resources, Inc.
1234 Fifth Avenue Wellhead, LA 98765 Gentlemen:
Teague Resources, Inc. is authorized to conduct the helicopter Offshore Standard Approach Procedure (OSAP), the Airborne Radar Approach (ARA), or the Helicopter En route Descent Area (HEDA) within the areas listed in this letter. Teague Resources, Inc., shall conduct all operations in compliance with the conditions, limitations, and procedures in this paragraph and shall conduct no other operations.
1. (description of OSAP, ARA, or HEDA)
2. (etc.)
a. Landing Minimums and Authorized Helicopters. Teague Resources, Inc., is authorized to use the following minimum descent altitude and visibility minimums for the helicopters listed in the following table providing the conditions and limitations in paragraphs b and e are met.
HELICOPTER TYPE MDA LOWEST VISIBILITY
MAKE/MODEL AUTHORIZED
b. Required Airborne Equipment. The flight instruments, radio navigation, and other airborne systems required by the applicable Code of Federal Regulations must be installed and operational. The airborne radar, GPS or LORAN C, and radio altimeter equipment listed in the following table are also required and, except for the radio altimeter, must be operational:
HELICOPER (MAKE/MODEL/SERIES) ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT
c. Weather Reporting Capabilities. Teague Resources, Inc., is authorized to conduct (OSAP or ARA) operations when an approved source of weather observations (including wave height) is located within 10 nautical miles (NM) of the destination. Teague Resources, Inc., is authorized to conduct HEDA operations when the appropriate area forecast or weather observations from weather reporting stations
Appendix 2 approved by the National Weather Service or FAA are at or above the MDA. (See appendix 1, paragraph 4c.)
d. Flightcrew Member Qualifications. No pilot or airborne radar operator shall conduct any (OSAP, ARA, or HEDA) operations unless that person has successfully completed the Teague Resources, Inc., approved (OSAP, ARA, or HEDA) training program and has been certified as qualified for (OSAP, ARA, or HEDA) operations by the principal operations inspector.
e. Operating Limitations. No pilot-in-command shall begin or continue the final approach segment of an (OSAP, ARA, or HEDA) unless all of the following conditions and limitations are met:
(1) The operational requirements specified in chapter 2, paragraph 2-8, of this AC are stated as a minimum for the OSAP.
(2) The operational requirements specified in chapter 3, paragraph 3-8, of this AC are stated as a minimum for the ARA.
(3) The operational requirements specified in chapter 4, paragraph 4-8, of this AC are stated as a minimum for the HEDA.
f. Missed Approach Requirements . A missed approach shall be executed for an OSAP, ARA, or HEDA when any of the following conditions exist:
(1) The operational requirements specified in chapter 2, paragraph 2-8, of this AC are stated as a minimum for the OSAP.
(2) The operational requirements specified in chapter 3, paragraph 3-8, of this AC are stated as a minimum for the ARA.
(3) The operational requirements specified in chapter 4, paragraph 4-8, of this AC are stated as a minimum for the HEDA.
Sincerely, /s/ Alan R. Brown Manager, AEA-FSDO-62
Appendix 3 APPENDIX 3. SAMPLE OPERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS
FOR OSAP, ARA, OR HEDA HXXX. Helicopter Offshore Standard Approach Procedures (MMDDYY). The certificate holder is authorized to conduct helicopter (OSAP, ARA, or HEDA) operations within the areas listed in this paragraph. The certificate holder shall conduct all (OSAP, ARA, or HEDA) operations in compliance with the conditions, limitations, and procedures in this paragraph and shall conduct no other (OSAP, ARA, or HEDA) operations.
a. OSAP, ARA, or HEDA Landing Minimums and Authorized Helicopters. The certificate holder is authorized to use the following (OSAP, ARA, or HEDA) MDA and visibility minimums for the helicopters listed in the following table providing the conditions and limitations in paragraphs HXXXb and e are met.
HELICOPTER TYPE MDA LOWEST VISIBILITY
MAKE/MODEL AUTHORIZED
b. Required Airborne Equipment. The flight instruments, radio navigation, and other airborne systems required by the applicable Code of Federal Regulations must be installed and operational for (OSAP, ARA, or HEDA) operations. The airborne radar, radio altimeter, and GPS or LORAN C listed or referenced in the following table are also required and, except for the radio altimeter, must be operational for (OSAP, ARA, or HEDA) operations.
HELICOPER (MAKE/MODEL/SERIES) ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT
c. Weather Reporting Capabilities. The certificate holder is authorized to conduct (OSAP or ARA) operations when an approved source of weather observations (including wave height) is located within 10 NM of the destination. The certificate holder is authorized to conduct HEDA operations when the appropriate area forecast or weather observations from weather reporting stations approved by the National Weather Service or FAA are at or above the minimum descent altitude. (See appendix 1, paragraph 4c.)
d. Flightcrew Member Qualifications. No pilot or airborne radar operator shall conduct any (OSAP, ARA, or HEDA) operations in any helicopter unless that person has successfully completed the certificate holder's approved (OSAP, ARA, or HEDA) training program and has been certified as qualified
Appendix 3 for (OSAP, ARA, or HEDA) operations by one of the certificate holder's check airmen who is properly qualified for (OSAP, ARA, or HEDA) operations or by an FAA inspector.
e. Operating Limitations. The certificate holder shall not begin or continue the final approach segment of an (OSAP, ARA, or HEDA) operation unless all of the following conditions and limitations are met:
(1) The operational requirements specified in chapter 2, paragraph 2-8, of this AC are stated as a minimum for the OSAP.
(2) The operational requirements specified in chapter 3, paragraph 3-8, of this AC are stated as a minimum for the ARA.
(3) The operational requirements specified in chapter 4, paragraph 4-8, of this AC are stated as a minimum for the HEDA.
f. Missed Approach Requirements for OSAP, ARA, and HEDA. A missed approach shall be executed for an (OSAP, ARA or HEDA) when any of the following conditions exist:
(1) The operational requirements specified in chapter 2, paragraph 2-8, of this AC are stated as a minimum for the OSAP.
(2) The operational requirements specified in chapter 3, paragraph 3-8, of this AC are stated as a minimum for the ARA.
(3) The operational requirements specified in chapter 4, paragraph 4-8, of this AC are stated as a minimum for the HEDA.
Appendix 4 APPENDIX 4. SAMPLE TRAINING PROGRAM
FOR OSAP, ARA, OR HEDA General. Operators are required to establish and maintain an approved training program appropriate to their operations before final approval of the special instrument procedure. Anyone requesting authorization to use an OSAP, ARA, or HEDA in IFR flight operations must train each flight crewmember on the following subjects: (The abbreviations of procedures enclosed in brackets [ ] indicate application only to that type of procedure.)
a. Basic Airborne Radar Principles and Operation. (Ground School 5 hours, Equipment Operation 1 Hour)
(1) Theory of Operation.
(a) Terminology.
(b) Block diagrams (P-40/50, BDX 1300/1400, etc.).
(2) Interpretation of Radar Returns.
(a) Primary.
(b) Secondary.
(c) False return, clutter, anomalies.
(d) Enhancement devices: beacons/reflectors.
(e) [ARA] Correlation of ground photos/maps with radar scope pictures, and identification of clusters/targets. (Ground School 8 hours)
(3) Equipment Limitations.
(a) Effects of precipitation.
(b) Effects of sea state and wave height.
(4) Detecting and Reporting Equipment Malfunctions.
(5) Emergency Procedures.
b. [OSAP and HEDA] GPS or LORAN C Principles and Operation. (Ground School 2 hours, Equipment Operation 3 Hours.)
(1) Introduction and Basic Principles.
(2) Controls, Indicators, and Display Functions.
Appendix 4
(a) Display unit and functions.
(b) Data selector switch, controls, and indicators.
(c) Course deviation indicator.
(d) Receiver computer unit.
(3) Operating Procedures.
(a) General.
(b) Preflight and operational checks.
(c) Self-test.
(d) Initial present position entry.
(e) Magnetic variation entry.
(f) Area Navigation (RNAV) using waypoints.
(g) Leg change entry.
(h) Offset Track - Entry and steering.
(i) [LORAN C] Area calibration procedures.
(j) User defined waypoints.
(4) Identifying and Correcting Operational problems.
c. OSAP, ARA, or HEDA Procedures. (Ground School 2 Hours)
(1) Definitions.
(2) Limitations.
(3) Minimums.
(4) Weather Requirements.
(5) Equipment Requirements.
(6) [OSAP or ARA] Approach Target Identification.
(7) [OSAP] FAP Identification and Verification.
Appendix 4
(8) Verification and Placement of the MAP.
(9) Final Approach Course.
(10) [OSAP] Course Adjustment to 0.5 NM Offset.
(11) [OSAP] Decision Point Altitude.
(a) Verification of equipment accuracy at DPA.
(b) Verification of minimum horizontal obstacle clearance.
(c) Using the lowest appropriate radar scale.
(12) Missed Approach.
(13) Crew Coordination, Duties, and Responsibilities.
(a) Before final approach segment.
(b) During final approach segment.
(c) [OSAP or ARA] After visual reference is established with the approach target.
(d) [OSAP or ARA] When visual reference is lost while maneuvering to the landing site.
(e) [OSAP or ARA] Upon reaching the MAP without visual reference with the approach target.
(f) [HEDA] Upon reaching the HEDA coordinates without establishing VFR conditions.
(g) [HEDA] When VFR conditions cannot be maintained while maneuvering to the landing site.
d. Flight Training. (VFR conditions 3 Hours)
(1) All assigned pilots and radar operators must complete as many trips over a route terminating in an OSAP, ARA, or HEDA under the supervision of an instructor or check airmen, as may be necessary to:
(a) Ensure their competency in the use of the equipment,
(b) Enable certification of their proficiency in the system,
(2) Recurrent training for pilots and radar operators is required annually.
e. Currency Requirements. A flight proficiency check is required annually.
Appendix 4
f. Records.
(1) A method of maintaining flight crewmember training records must be approved by the POI prior to authorizing OSAP, ARA, or HEDA operations.
(2) Appropriate training and certification records will be maintained by each operator and shall be presented for inspection on request of the FAA.
NOTE 1: The ground school and flight-hours are for illustrative purposes only. POI's must determine, with their operators, an appropriate number of hours based on the operator's environment, experience, procedures, and equipment. POI's are directed by policy which prohibits approving any initial training program with less than a specific number of ground and flight training hours.
NOTE 2: Flight training requirements may be expressed in numbers of approaches rather than in numbers of flight-hours.