AC 91-16

Historical

Advisory circular · Category II Operations - General Aviation Airplanes

Approved
August 7, 1967
Last reviewed
October 24, 2024
This change
Canceled by Memo signed by John Barbagallo and Richard Mathews; dated 05/21/2015.
Family
AC 91-16 · 1 version
14 CFR parts
23, 25, 61, 91, 97, 135

Guidance, not mandatory unless a rule or AD requires it. DRS record last changed November 22, 2025.

Show pages 49–60
Page 61OCROpen in PDF

Attachment 2 AC 91-16 Page 6 8/7/67

(b) From the outer marker to an altitude of 300 feet above runway elevation on the approach path, the flight director should permit the pilot to track within ! 35 microamperes (95% probability) of the indicated localizer course. The performance should be free of sustained oscillations.

From an altitude 300 feet above runway elevation on the approach path to the decision altitude (100 feet), the 2 direr 0 perat the the tricate this.

The performance should be free of sustained oscillations.

(5) Glide Slope Performance -

(a) For the purposes of the demonstration, the airplane should be stabilized on the glide slope before an altitude of 700 feet above the field level is reached.

(b) From 700 feet altitude to the decision altitude (100 feet) the flight director should permit the pilot to track the center of the indicated glide slope to within ‡ 75 microamperes or ! 22 feet, whichever is the larger, without sustained oscillations.

e . Automatic Throttle System.

An automatic throttle system, if used, should provide safe operation under conditions which can reasonably be expected in normal service, including wind sheer, gusts and sideslips. The system Automatically adjust throttles to maintain airplane speed to within ‡ 5 knots of stabilized programmed airspeed, but not less than computed threshold airspeed under all intended flight conditions. Proper operating points such as reference speed or angle of attack may be set manually or automatically.

(b) Provide throttle application at a rate consistent with the recommendations of the appropriate engine and airframe manufacturers.

(c) Maintain stable short period and phugoid airplane modes for all intended flight situations during manual and automatic flight control.

(2) Malfunction of any part of the system should not restrict either pilot from maintaining safe control of the airplane or engines.

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AC 91-16 Attachment 2 8/7/67 Page 7

(a) Disconnect switch(es) readily accessible to both pilot and second in command should be provided.

(b) The throttle drive mechanism should be cesigned to permit manual overriding without application of excessive throttle forces.

(c) The maximum servo velocity attainable should be positively limited by design to that required for adequate performance.

(d) Appropriate indication of system engagement and disengagement should be provided.

f. Aircraft Configuration Change. The aircraft should be stabilized on the approach in the landing configuration and no late stage configuration change should be permitted.

Rain Removal Capability. Rain removal equipment should be provided to assure adequate visibility for transition, landing and roll-out under assumed Category II weather conditions.

Other Automatic Devices. Yaw dampers, rudder bias devices, and other designs that are part of the original airplane airworthiness or part of the CAT II system should not cause adverse interaction of integrated components during normal or malfunction operation of the devices.

The sudden failure of the critical engine, on the approach, should be considered in this evaluation.

Approved Airplane Flight Manual or Markings or Placards. Upon satisfactory completion of an engineering inspection and test program, the FAA airplane flight manual or supplement thereto, or markings or placards should reflect the following:

(1) The limitations, if any.

(2) Revision to the performance section, if appropriate.

(3) A statement of CAI II approval to the effect that, ¿The airborne instruments and equipment meet the performance standards of Attachment 2 of this AC — - dated NOTE: Compliance with the performance standards referenced above, does not constitute approval to conduct Category II operations.

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AC 91-16 Attachment 3 8/7/67 Page 1

CATEGORY II APPROACH EVALUATION Pilot in Command Second in Command Date Registration No. Airport Runway Weather Wind FAA Inspector:

This form will be completed whenever an approach is attempted utilizing the airborne low approach system, regardless of whether the approach is abandoned or concluded successfully.

APPROACH EVALUATION:

1. Was the approach successful? YES NO

2. Flight control guidance system used

a. Auto-coupler /

b. Flight director

c. If equipped and used, did a. and b. agree? YES NO Second in Command? YES NO FAA Inspector? YES NO

3. Airspeed at middle marker t at 100' ‡ from programmed speed?

4. If unable to initiate / or complete. / approach (indicate which), was reason due to:

a. Airborne equipment /. Identify and describe nature of deficiency.

b. Ground equipment . Identify and describe nature of deficiency.

c. Approach control or tower request. 7.

d. Other State reason.

5. Was airplane in trim at 100' for continuation of flare and landings?

YES NỘ

6. If approach and landing abandoned, state altitude above runway:

feet, (State reasons)

7. Quality of overall performance: Good / Acceptable Unacceptable Pilot in Command's Signature

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Attachment 3 AC 91-16 Page 2 8/7/67

INDICATE GLIDESLOPE AND LOCALIZER DISPLACEMENT AT MIDDLE MARKER AND 100 FI. A.G. POINT.

MIDDLE MARKER 100 FT. A.G.

INDICATE AIRPLANE DISPLACEMENT & ORIENTATION WITH RESPECT TO RUNWAY CENTERLINE AT MIDDLE MARKER AND 100 FT. A.G. BY SYMBOL AT AIRPORTS AND RUNWAYS LISTED.

• THRESHOLD

- RUNWAY WIDTHS . o 0.5 0.5 5

- 100 FT. A.G.

MIDDLE ARKER OF RUNWAY EXTENDED REMARKS:

TOUCHDOWN WAS FEET FROM THRESHOLD AND

FEET LEFT L RIGHT OF CENTERLINE

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AC 91-16 Attachment 4 8/7/67 Page 1

CATEGORY II PILOT AUTHORIZATION I UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ***

VILI DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION IV This certifies that , XII (Airplane types) (Name) *Not valid after (Date) III while holding pilot certificate *Not valid after (Date) NO.

IX is authorized to act as pilot in command of the following type aircraft during "IXIII (If applicable) Limited to minimums of 1600' RVR, 150' DH II CATEGORY II OPERATIONS Expiration date PI **Date of issue gIVIII GADO (identification) (Signature) VII FAA inspector or authorized examiner Signature of the holder Examiner's number (Cut on dotted line) * If more than one type is listed, add the date which is the end of the 12th calendar month after the practical test was passed in that type airplane. This will show compliance with FAR 61.10.

*** If certificate is reissued to correct or delete a limitation, use the date of issue of the superseded authorization, unless the airman is retested. In the latter case, use the date of retesting, whether for renewal or to add an airplane rating.

*** Use of Roman Numerals is in accordance with ICAO Annex 1, Chapter 5.

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Federal Aviation Agency AC NO: 91-16

CAN AVIATION TOS

DVISORY

CIRCULAR

TO STATES OF MAN

CATEGORY II OPERATIONS - GENERAL AVIATION AIRPLANES