CHAPTER 6. PLAN ACTIVATION, TRAINING/EXERCISES, AND
POST-INCIDENT ANALYSIS
60. INTRODUCTION. Once the plan has been developed, it is critical that it be tested several times before being implemented. Problems need to be identified and corrected with each exercise or actual event. Test all disaster response plans on a regular basis.
61. ACTIVATION CHECKLIST.
Follow an activation checklist for both exercises and actual events. The common elements to plan activation are the following:
a. Notification of Helicopter and Tiltrotor Support Requirements by a Designated Activation Authority,
b. Activation of the Air Operations (AO) Branch,
c. Activation of the Log or Record Book,
d. Determination of Alert Level by Type of Response Required,
e. Inclusion Into the Emergency Operations Network, and
f. Notification of Alert Level to Responders.
Incident Verification Air Operations Commander Requirement Activation Checklist Exercises The Real Thing Table Modified Full Top Full Scale Scale FIGURE 6-1. PLAN ACTIVATION 45
AC 00-59
62. THE NEED FOR TRAINING/EXERCISES. Disaster preparedness officials have long recognized the value of good training and regular exercises. When a sophisticated piece of equipment such as a helicopter is involved, include it in the testing of the emergency response system. Experience is the best teacher.
Most of the principles of disaster planning are based on the sometimes painful lessons learned under actual catastrophic conditions. Like combat for soldiers, disaster situations test not only courage, stamina, and resourcefulness, but also the applied knowledge and acquired skills of the disaster response personnel. Obviously, waiting for disasters to happen in order to test their response effectiveness is just as unacceptable as waiting until wartime to evaluate military capability.
63. THE VALUE OF TRAINING/EXERCISES. The military has also recognized the value of exercises for training troops and determining the level of their effectiveness and readiness. Exercises provide the opportunity to learn how to best employ helicopter and tiltrotor assets in realistic and controlled settings that are relatively free of risk. When working with aircraft, repetitive exercises first teach and then ingrain specific responses to specific situations by non-aviation people. As a result, they become confident of their own skills and abilities, as well as those of the aircraft pilots and operators. The responders are therefore better able to react effectively to unforeseen complications. The observation and 46 11/13/98 skills and abilities, as well as those of the aircraft pilots and operators. The responders are therefore better able to react effectively to unforeseen complications. The observation and analysis of their response to simulated situations will indicate where corrective actions are needed. At the same time, these exercises instill confidence on the part of others in the community who learn that they can rely on aircraft for support in their time of need.
64. REALISTIC EXERCISE SCENARIOS. The first step in setting up a good training exercise is to develop a plausible and useful disaster scenario that tests the effectiveness of the local plan or a specific portion of it. The disaster situation should simulate realistic disaster occurrences such as hurricanes in South Florida or severe blizzards in North Dakota. For example, when you practice for a blizzard, conduct your exercise during the winter while there is snow on the ground. Practicing for blizzards in July does not contribute to learning about winter operations and their unique characteristics. Aircraft-based exercises are invaluable in the experience they lend to disaster workers.
65. EXERCISE SCHEDULES AND OBJECTIVES. Regardless of the scenario, it is important to publicize the schedule and objectives of the exercise well in advance so that helicopter and tiltrotor operators and others can be prepared to accurately evaluate their performance. Unexpected or surprise exercises may have some value in
AC 00-59 testing response times, but generally they are to be avoided if the overall objective is training or determining readiness. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 424; FAR 14 CFR Part 139, Certification and Operations: Land Airports Serving Certain Air Carriers, particularly paragraph 139.325 concerning the Airport Emergency Plan; and FAA AC 00-7, State and Regional Disaster Airlift Planning, can serve as a guide for incorporating helicopter and tiltrotor operations into airport and community disaster exercises. It is essential to continually maintain logs of all exercise events in order to document fully the strengths and weaknesses experienced.
Once operational proficiency is demonstrated, then the participants can be included in the plan.
66. THREE TYPES OF EXERCISES. Conduct exercises involving the use of aircraft as often as possible at one of three levels. There are advantages and disadvantages to each type of exercise and the final decision regarding which type to hold and how often to hold them should be left to the community planners.
a. Table-Top Exercises. This type of exercise tests the communications network necessary for effective use of helicopters and tiltrotors in disaster response. They can identify deficiencies in response capabilities, but 11/13/98 they only test the effectiveness of the model, not the real thing." Table-top exercises have the distinct advantage, however, of being the least expensive and least time-consuming of all the exercise formats. As an example, consider a county-level exercise attended by the county's chief executive officer, the heads of the county's operational organizations, representatives from key disaster organizations, the chief financial officer, and the county's legal counsel. With an experienced emergency management officer as moderator, this group can focus solely on policy issues and discuss the legal, financial, political, and practical implications of various disaster relief choices. In a few hours, the group can learn how good policy choices can avoid expensive and embarrassing problems during disaster relief efforts.
b. Modified Full-Scale Exercises. Very realistic exercises, that are nevertheless modified in order to save money and reduce risk to the participants, can effectively test the readiness and efficiency level of specific phases of the local disaster response.
One variation of this type of exercise alerts all helicopter and tiltrotor operators (according to the alert level of the scenario) and brings them to full readiness but does not actually execute the full response capability of the plan, or only does so partially. Once realistic response times are known, other modified exercises can be held to test other parts of a given disaster scenario.
AC 00-59
c. Full-Scale Exercises.
Realism is the key to success in this type of exercise, but providing it can be expensive and time consuming. While there is always a certain amount of real risk associated with a full-scale response to a simulated situation, these exercises have the potential to provide the best possible training. This type of exercise is also an excellent way to expose weaknesses and deficiencies that cannot be anticipated in any other format.
There are two basic types of full-scale exercises:
(1) Single point exercise.
This type of exercise tests the ability of many organizations and people to work together in a small area (example: single city or county exercise in response to a mass casualty incident such as a highrise fire or a train crash).
(2) Wide-spread exercise. This type of exercise tests the command and control structure (example: multi-county exercise in response to an earthquake or flood).
67. TRAINING PROGRAMS. Both ground and flight personnel require regular training on tasks they might be required to perform during emergency operations. Military, government, and corporate flight organizations normally maintain a formal training program for their flight personnel. Local emergency planners should contact these organizations and request that tasks applicable to the local emergency plan be incorporated into these training programs.
48 11/13/98
68. POST-INCIDENT ANALYSIS.
One of the most important functions dealing with emergency preparedness is the post-incident analysis. The ability to identify, analyze, and correct any problems or deficiencies is critical to the successful integration of helicopters and tiltrotors into the planning process.
a. Post-Incident Debriefing. It is recommended that debriefings of disaster workers occur as they come off shift or at the conclusion of the relief effort. The agencies that participated in the plan should be required to fill out an evaluation form or, at the very least, speak to a debriefer. Perhaps as a precursor to any stress debriefings that may occur, the disaster workers could be debriefed on their participation in the plan. The participants should be requested to contribute to the documentation of what happened during the incident and to supplement the record and log book information.
b. Post-Incident Analysis Checklist. Briefly, planners should:
(1) Debrief personnel,
(2) Review log books and other documentation,
(3) Identify the aspects of the effort that functioned well,
(4) Commend people for their efforts,
(5) Identify deficiencies, and
(6) Implement corrective action(s).
APPENDIX A. RESOURCE INVENTORY SOURCES Section 1. FAA Flight Standards District Offices (FSDO's) and Field Offices (FSFO's) Please be aware that phone numbers and addresses change over time. Should this occur with the office of interest, contact your telephone directory assistance or call one of the other FSDO offices and ask for the new phone number or address needed.
Alabama California Birmingham FSDO Fresno FSDO Liberty Park, Bldg., 1500 4955 E. Anderson Avenue 1500 Urban Center Drive Suite 110 Birmingham AL 35242 Fresno CA 93727-1573 205-731-1640 209-487-5306 Alaska Long Beach FSDO Anchorage FSDO Long Beach Airport 4510 International Airport Road 5001 Airport Plaza Dr., Suite 100 Suite 302 Long Beach CA 90815 Anchorage AL 99502 562-420-1755 907-271-2000 El Segundo FSDO Fairbanks FSDO 2250 E. Imperial, Suite 140 6450 Airport Way El Segundo CA 90245 Fairbanks AL 99709 310-215-2150 907-474-0276 Oakland FSDO Juneau FSDO 8517 Earhart Rd., Suite 100 1873 Shell Simmons Drive Hangar 5, Oakland Airport Juneau AL 99801 Mail: P.O. Box 2397 Airport Station 907-586-7532 Oakland CA 94621 510-273-7155 Arizona Scottsdale FSDO Riverside FSDO Scottsdale Municipal Airport Riverside Municipal Airport 15041 N. Airport Drive 6961 Flight Road Scottsdale AZ 85260 Riverside CA 92504 602-640-2561 909-276-6701 Arkansas Sacramento FSDO Little Rock FSDO Sacramento Executive Airport 1701 Bond Street 6650 Belleau Wood Lane Little Rock AK 72202-5733 Sacramento CA 95822 501-918-4400 916-422-0272 49
California (continued) Miami Springs FSDO San Diego FSDO 5600 N. W. 36th Street 8525 Gibbs Drive, #120 Suite 466, P.O. 661566 San Diego CA 92123 Miami Springs FL 33266 619-557-5281 305-526-2761 San Jose FSDO Orlando FSDO San Jose Airport/Jet Center 5950 Hazeltine National Drive 1250 Aviation Ave., Suite 295 Suite 500 San Jose CA 95110-1130 Orlando FL 32822-5023 408-291-7681 407-816-0000 Van Nuys FSDO Tampa FSDO Skylane Building 5601 Mariner Street 16501 Sherman Way, Suite 330 Balboni Blvd., Suite 310 Van Nuys CA 91406 Tampa FL 33609 818-904-6291 813-639-1540 Colorado Georgia Denver FSDO Atlanta FSDO 26805 E. 68th Avenue 1701 Columbia Avenue Suite 200 College Park GA 30337-2747 Denver CO 80249-6361 404-305-7200 303-342-1100 Hawaii Connecticut Oahu FSDO Windsor Locks FSDO 135 Nakolo Place, Rm: 215 Building 85-214 Island of Oahu Bradley Int'I Airport Oahu HI 96819 Windsor Locks CN 06096 808-837-8300 860-654-1000 Idaho Florida Bosie FSDO Fort Lauderdale FSDO 3295 Elder Street 1050 Lee Wagener Airport Plaza, Suite-350 Suite 201 Bosie Idaho 83705-4712 Fort Lauderdale FL 33315 208-334-9261 954-356-7526 Illinios Miami FSDO Chicago FSDO 5600 N.W. 36th Street DuPage Airport Suite 334 31W775 North Avenue Miami FL 33159 West Chicago IL 60185 305-526-2572 630-443-3100 50
Illinios (continued) Louisiana Schiller Park FSDO Baton Rouge FSDO 9950 West Lawrence Ave, Suite 400 Local Coordinator, Ryan Field Schiller Park IL 60176 9191 Plank Road 847-671-0078 Baton Rouge LA 70811 504-358-6800 Springfield FSDO Capital Airport Maine 3 North Airport Drive Portland FSDO Springfield IL 62707-8417 Portland Int'1 Jetport 217-744-1910 2 A1 McKay Avenue Portland ME Indiana 207-780-3263 Indianapolis FSDO Indianapolis Int'1 Airport Maryland 8303 W. Southern Avenue Glen Burnie FSDO Indianapolis IN 46241 890 Airport Park Road, Suite 101 317-487-2400 Cromwell Business Park Glen Burnie MD 21061-2559 South Bend FSDO 410-787-0040 1843 Commerce Drive South Bend IN 46628 Massachusetts 219-236-8480 Bedford FSDO Civil Air Terminal Bldg Iowa Second Floor, Hanscom Field Des Moines FSDO Bedford MA 01730 3021 Army Post Road 781-274-7130 Des Moines IA 50321 515-285-9895 East Boston FSDO Logan Int'1 Airport Kansas 1 Harborside Drive Wichita FSDO East Boston MA 02128 Mid Continent Arpt. FAA Bldg. 617-561-5789 1801 Airport Road, Rm 103 Wichita KS 67209 Michigan 316-941-1200 Belleville FSDO Willow Run Airport-East Side Kentucky 8800 Beck Road Louisville FSDO Belleville MI 48111 Watterson Towers, 11th Floor 734-487-7222 1930 Bishop Lane Louisville KY 40218 502-582-5941 51
Grand Rapids FSDO 402-437-5485 Kent County Int'1 Airport FSDO Bldg, 5500 44th St., S.E. Nevada Mail: FAA FSDO, P.O. Box 888879 Las Vegas FSDO Grand Rapids MI 49588-8879 6020 S. Spencer Ave., Suite A-7 616-954-6657 Las Vegas NV 89119 702-388-6482 Minnesota Minneapolis FSDO Reno FSDO Minneapolis-St. Paul Int'1 Airport 4900 Energy Way 6020 28th Ave., South, Rm: 201 Reno NV 89502 Minneapolis MO 55450 702-858-7700 612-713-4211 New Jersey Mississippi Teterboro FSDO Jackson FSDO Teterboro Airport 120 North Hangar Dr., Suite C 150 Fred Wehran Drive, Room 1 Jackson Municipal Airport Teterboro NJ 07608 Jackson Miss 39208 201-393-6700 601-965-4633 New Mexico Missouri Albuquerque FSDO Kansas City FSDO 1601 Randolph Rd., Suite 200N 10015 N. Executive Hills Blvd. Albuquerque NM 87106 Kansas City MO 64153 505-764-1200 816-891-2100 New York Saint Louis FSDO Albany FSDO FAA Building 7 Airport Park Blvd.
10801 Pear Tree Lane, Suite 200 Albany NY 12110 Saint Ann MO 63074 518-785-5660 314-429-1006 Farmingdale FSDO Montana Administration Building, Suite 235, Helena FSDO 7150 Republic Airport 2725 Skyway Drive, Suite 1 Farmingdale NY 11735-1583 Helena Regional Airport 516-755-1300 Helena Montana 596012 406-449-5270 Garden City FSDO 990 Stewart Avenue, Suite 630 Nebraska Garden City NY 11530-4858 Lincoln FSDO 516-228-8033 Lincoln Municipal Airport General Aviation Building Lincoln NE 68524 52
New York (Continued) Oklahoma Rochester FSDO Oklahoma City FSDO 1 Airport Way, Suite 110 The Parkway Bldg Rochester NY 14624 1300 S. Meridian, Suite 601 716-955-4100 Oklahoma City OK 73108 405-951-4200 North Carolina Charlotte FSDO Oregon 4700 Yorkmont Road, Room 203 Hillsboro FSDO Charlotte NC 28208 Portland-Hillsboro Airport 704-344-6488 1800 N.E., 25th Ave., Suite 15 Hillsboro Oregon 97124 Winston-Salem FSDO 503-681-5500 8025 North Point Blvd.
Suite 250 Pennsylvania Winston Salem NC 27106 Allentown FSDO 910-631-5147 961 Marcon Blvd, Suite 111 Allentown PA 18103 North Dakota 610-264-2888 Fargo FSDO Hector Airport Harrisburg FSDO 1801 N. 23rd Ave., Rm: 216 Capital City Airport, Room 101 Fargo ND 58102 400 Airport Drive 701 232-8949 Harrisburg PA 17070-2489 717-774-8271 Ohio Cincinnati FSDO Philadelphia FSDO Lunken Airport Exec., Bldg., International Plaza #2 4240 Airport Road Suite 110 Cincinnati OH 45226 Philadelphia PA 19113 513-533-8110 610-595-1500 Cleveland FSDO Cleveland Hopkins Int'1 Airport Federal Facilities Bldg., Suite 131 Pittsburgh FSDO Graham Building, Suite 300 3000 Lebanon Church Road Cleveland OH 44135 West Miffin PA 15122-2630 216-265-1345 412-466-5357 Columbus FSDO Puerto Rico Port Columbus Int'1 Airport San Juan FSDO 3939 Int'1 Gateway, 2nd Floor Plaza Los Americas, Roosevelt Ave, Columbus OH 43219 Los Torre de Plaza 614-237-1039 Suite 901, Hato Rey San Juan Puerto Rico 00918 787-764-2538 53
South Carolina Heuston FSDO Columbia FSDO Local Coordinator Foreign Trade Zone 13100 Space Center Blvd.
103 Trade Zone Drive, Suite 30-C Suite 5400 Columbia SC 29170 Houston TX 77059-3398 803-765-5931 281-212-9700 South Dakota Lubbock FSDO Rapid City FSDO Lubbock Int'1 Airport, S. End 4200 Airport Rd Old Terminal Bldg Suite 50 Mail: Route 3, Box 51 Rapid City SD 57701-8703 Lubbock TX 79401-9712 605-393-1359 806-740-3800 Tennessee San Antonio FSDO Memphis FSDO 10100 Reunion Place 3385 Airways Boulevard Suite 200 Suite 115 San Antonio TX 78216-4118 Memphis TN 38116 210-308-3300 901-544-3820 Utah Nashville FSDO Salt Lake FSDO 2 International Plaza Drive 116 North 2400 West Suite 700 Salt Lake City UT 84116 Nashville TN 37217 801-524-4247 615-781-5437 Virginia Texas Richmond FSDO Dallas FSDO, Local Coordinator Richmond Int'1 Airport 3300 Love Field Drive 5707 Huntsman Rd, Suite 100 Mail: Lock Box 5 Richmond VA 23250-2415 Dallas TX 75247 804-222-7494 241-767-5850 Washington DC Dallas Ft. Worth FSDO Washington FSDO DFW Business Center GT Building, Suite 112 South Tower Suite 400 600 West Service Road DFW Airport TX 75261 Falls Church VA 20041-0325 972-456-6900 703-661-8160 Fort Worth FSDO Washington State Local Coordinator, Alliance Airport Seattle FSDO 2260 Alliance Blvd. 1601 Lind Ave., S.W.
Fort Worth TX 76117-4300 Renton WA 98055-4056 817-491-5000 425-227-2813 54
Washington State (continued) Wisconsin Spokane FSDO Milwaukee FSDO 6133 East Rutter Avenue 4915 South Howell Avenue Spokane WA 99212 Milwaukee WI 53207 509-353-2434 414-747-5531 West Virginia Wyoming Charleston FSDO Casper FSFO Yeager Airport 951 Werner Court, Suite 320 301 Eagle Mountain Rd, Rm: 144 Casper WY 82601 Charleston WV 25311 307-261-5425 304-347-5199
Section 2. FAA Regional Heliport Development Coordinators The FAA has designated Regional Heliport Development Coordinators to assist in carrying out mission responsibilities in the area of heliport planning and development.
These coordinators are listed below.
FAA New England Region Heliport Coordinator (ANE-610) 12 New England Executive Park Burlington MA 01803 617-238-7610, 238-7600 FAA Eastern Region Heliport Coordinator (AEA-610) Fitzgerald Federal Building John F. Kennedy International Airport Jamaica NY 11430 718-553-3336, 553-3331 FAA Northwest Mountain Region Heliport Coordinator (ANM-610) 1601 Lynd Avenue, SW Renton WA 98055-4056 206-227-2608, 227-2600 FAA Central Region Heliport Coordinator (ACE-610) 601 East 12th Street, Federal Building Kansas City MO 64106 816-426-4783, 426-4698 FAA Southern Region FAA Western Pacific Region Heliport Coordinator (ASO-620) Heliport Coordinator (AWP-610) PO Box 20636 PO Box 92007, World Postal Center Atlanta GA 30320 Los Angeles CA 90009 404-305-6722 310-725-3618 FAA Great Lakes Region FAA Alaskan Region Heliport Coordinator (AGL-610) Heliport Coordinator (AAL-610) 2300 East Devon Avenue 222 West 7th Avenue, Box 14 Des Plaines IL 60018 Anchorage AL 99513 847-294-7538 907-271-5459 FAA Southwest Region Heliport Coordinator (ASW-620) Fort Worth TX 76193-0620 817-222-5650 56