19 May 1972 107-1
(c) Keys are retrieved when personnel leave the airport by transfer, dismissal, resignation or death.
(d) Lost keys are reported promptly to the Security element.
(e) Unissued keys are properly safeguarded.
(2) Combination Locks. Combination padlocks having a fixed combination or other types of padlocks which have a changeable combination have inherent security weaknesses and can be damaged by weather.
(3) Cipher Locks. A variety of cipher (push button) locks are available. Inherent security weaknesses in the design of these locks, however, limit their use to controlling access in manned areas and should not be considered for use as security locks or at unmanned locations. Both electrical and mechanical cipher locks are available. Each can be used with electric release latches and doors utilizing this type of lock should be equipped with automatic door closers. The electrical cipher lock should also be equipped with a keyed bypass lock to allow access in the event of power failure.
(4) The key type padlock of brass construction with pin tumblers, and a hardened shackle are generally the most satisfactory for outside use.
(5) Locks are an integral part of barriers and their security. In addition to their physiological deterrence, their physical strength and resistance to all but the most determined thief, provides security in itself. Even then, the loss in time, and usual added noise will give increased probability of apprehen- It is essential that the manager of a facility and his security officer know each employee who has access to each lock. Key control is as important as the use of locks.
8. CRITICAL AREAS (OTHER THAN AIR OPERATIONAL AREAS). There are certain areas on airports other than air operations areas which should be given protection in the interest of aviation safety. These should also be considered in the development of an airport security program. Adequate safeguards which prevent or deter unauthorized access which could jeopardize aviation safety should be provided for baggage concourses, cargo storage areas, fuel systems, emergency fire and crash/rescue equipment sites, utilities buildings, water storage and supply areas, emergency generator locations, communications facilities and other areas.
Par 7 Page 13
107-1 19 May 1972
9. LAW ENFORCEMENT AND THE AIRPORT. The nation's airports are vital to the economic, social and cultural health of the community. They are more than mere cogs in the transportation system. They require the same degree of knowledgeable and capable law enforcement personnel as any other public or private sector of the community. The community should be urged to have its appropriate law enforcement organization staffed and equipped to respond to the needs of the airport including those of the air carriers and other tenants. It is highly desirable to have regularly assigned law enforcement personnel at the airport in order to assure familiarity with the basic physical security concepts, security equipment, personnel and vehicular control procedures.
10. SECURITY EDUCATION. Personnel having responsibilities or interest in air operations or other critical areas also have security responsibilities. They should know what these are and understand what is expected of them. They should also have a good general knowledge of the airport security program and the purpose for it. The success of any program is dependent upon the performance of the participants. Well informed personnel are inevitably the best performers. Airport operators are encouraged to provide meaningful and regular security training for their personnel.
SECURITY COMMITTEES. Security committees, comprised of responsible individuals, is most desirable. These committees should be representative of all segments of the airport community to operate effectively. Meetings should be held regularly for the purpose of giving coordinated direction to the overall airport security program.
12. LIAISON. It is imperative that airport operators establish and maintain liaison with appropriate law enforcement agencies, both local and federal. These organizations can respond more promptly and better serve the airport operator when they are acquainted with airport facilities and requirements.
FAA, Air Transportation Security Field Offices exist for the purpose of evaluating, coordinating, and assisting in the security activities of the aviation community. They also coordinate the activities of local, state, and federal government agencies as they relate to the prevention of aircraft hijackings, aircraft sabotage and other crimes affecting air transportation security. Additional information, guidance and assistance pertaining to airport security may be obtained from these offices.
Page 14 Par 9
19 May 1972 107-1
13. AIRPORT SECURITY SURVEY. The purpose of an Airport Security Survey is to insure that a systematic in-depth inspection of the security posture of an airport is made in order to provide an accurate up-todate evaluation of security requirements. It is recommended that a security survey be accomplished as a first step towards developing an Airport Security Program.
When conducting a security survey certain steps or considerations should be taken to insure that all security methods or hazards are inspected and recorded. In the case of the airport security survey you are trying to determine whether existing security measures will prevent or deter unauthorized access by persons or objects which would jeopardize aviation safety.
52593 The areas where aircraft are located should be positively identified.
Each protective measure that contributes to the security of the air operations area starting with those measures within the area and moving outward to the most distant protective measure reasonably associated with the air operations area should be examined and evaluated for effectiveness.
Placing yourself in the shoes of an intruder, work your way back to the air operations area. Examine each protective measure and identify any hazards to security, and consider ways to circumvent each measure.
This process will identify effective security measures and indicate needs for new or different measures.
The airport operator should be involved in the accomplishment of a security survey, since all phases of operations and activity of the airport usually have to be considered. Airport operator also has the overall responsibility for assuring the development and implementation of an adequate security program. This program should be concerned with the prevention of aircraft piracy, sabotage, theft, vandalism, and other acts which could adversely affect aviation safety.
Airport Security Survey Checklist. A survey checklist is needed in conducting physical security surveys. It saves time, manpower and money and lessens the possibility of overlooking material factors.
There is a list of questions enclosed with this circular which may be helpful in conducting security surveys.
Par 13 Page 15
19 May 1972 107-1 Appendix l APPENDIX 1. AIRPORT SECURITY SURVEY CHECKLIST
1. PERIMETER BARRIERS.
a. Is the perimeter of the airport defined by a fence or other type physical barrier?
(1) Specify type and height of physical barrier.
(2) Describe condition of physical barriers.
(3) Is perimeter barrier considered to be a security safeguard?
(4) Is airport perimeter barrier set back 20 feet or more from airport property boundary?
(5) Is perimeter barrier under surveillance at all times?
b. If chain link fence is used as the perimeter barrier,
(1) Is it constructed of #ll gauge or heavier wire?
(4) Is bottom of fence' extended into the ground? if fence econde into the ground end?
If masonry wall is used, is it at least seven feet high with a top guard of barbed wire or at least eight feet high with broken glass set on edge and cemented to top surface?
d. Do building walls, floors, or roofs form a part of the perimeter barrier?
(1) Are all openings properly secured?
NOTE: Openings, with an area of 96 square inches or greater, and located less than 18 feet above the level of the ground outside the perimeter barrier or less than 14 feet from controlled structures outside the perimeter barrier, should be provided with security equivalent to that of the perimeter.
e. If building forms a part of the perimeter barrier,
(1) Does it present a hazard at the point of juncture with the perimeter fence?
(2) Does it have any doors, windows, or other openings on perimeter side?
f. If a river, lake or other body of water forms any part of the perimeter boundary, are additional security measures provided?
Par 1 Page 1
107-1 19 May 1972 Appendix 1
g. Are openings such as culverts, tunnels, manholes for sewers and utility access, and sidewalk elevators which permit access to the facility secured?
h. Describe the physical characteristics of each perimeter entrance.
i. Are all entrance points in perimeter barriers guarded or secured?
j. Are all perimeter gates of such material and installation as to provide protection equivalent to the perimeter barriers of which they are a part?
k. Are gates and/or other perimeter entrances which are not in active use frequently inspected by guards or other personnel?
1. Is the security officer responsible for security of keys to perimeter entrances?
m. Are keys to perimeter entrances issued to other than facility personnel such as contractor personnel?
n. Are all normally used pedestrian and vehicle gates and other perimeter entrances lighted so as to assure:
(1) Proper identification of individuals and examination of credentials;
(2) That interiors of vehicles are clearly lighted; and
(3) That glare from luminaries is not in guard's eyes.
o. Are appropriate signs setting forth the provisions of entry conspicuously posted at all principal entrances?
p. Are "No Trespassing" signs posted on or adjacent to perimeter barriers at such intervals that at least one sign is visible at any approach to the barrier for a minimum distance of 50 yards?
q. Are clear zones maintained on both sides of the perimeter barrier?
r. Are automobiles permitted to park against or close to perimeter barriers?
s. Are lumber, boxes, or other materials allowed to be stacked against, Page 2 Par 1
19 May 1972 107-1 Appendix 1 or in close proximity to, perimeter barriers?
t. Do guards patrol perimeter areas?
u. Do guards observe and report insecure factors related to perimeter barriers?
v. Is an interior all-weather perimeter road provided for the use of guard patrol cars? If so, what is the condition?
w. Are perimeters protected by intrusion alarm devices?
2. PROTECTIVE LIGHTING.
a. Is the perimeter of the installation protected by lighting?
b. Does protective lighting provide a means of continuing during the hours of darkness the same degree of protection available during the daylight hours?
c. Are the cones of illumination from lamps directed downward and away from the facility proper and away from guard personnel?
d. Are lights mounted to provide a strip of light both inside and outside the fence?
e. Is perimeter lighting used so that guards remain in comparative darkness?
f. Are lights checked for proper operation prior to darkness?
g. Are repairs to lights and replacement of inoperative lamps effected immediately?
h. Do light beams overlap to provide coverage in case a bulb burns out?
i. Is additional lighting provided at active gates and points of possible intrusion?
j. Are gate guard shacks provided with proper 1llumination?
k. Are light finishes or stripes used on lower parts of buildings and structures to aid guard observation?
1. Does the facility have a dependable source of power for its lighting system?
m. Does the facility have a dependable auxiliary source of power?
n. Is the protective lighting system independent of the general airport Par 1 Page 3
107-1 19 May 1972 Appendix 1 lighting or power system?
o. Is the power supply for lights adequately protected?
p. Is there provision for standby or emergency lighting?
q. Is the standby or emergency equipment tested frequently?
r. Is emergency equipment designed to go into operation automatically when needed?
s. Is wiring for protective lighting properly mounted?
(1) Is it in tamper-resistant conduits?
(2) Is it mounted underground?
(3) If above ground, is it high enough to reduce possibility of tampering?
t. Are switches and controls properly located, controlled, and protected!
(1) Are they weatherproof and tamper-resistant?
(2) Are they readily accessible to security personnel?
(3) Are they located so that they are inaccessible from outside the perimeter barrier?
(4) Is there a centrally located switch to control protective lighting!
u. Is adequate lighting for guard use provided on indoor routes?
v. Are materials and equipment in shipping and storage areas properly arranged so as not to mask security lighting?
3. PROTECTIVE ALARMS.
a. If an alarm system is used in the facility, what detection device 1s used!
(1) Is it a local alarm system?
(2) Is it a central station system?
(a) Is it connected to facility guard headquarters?
(b) Is it connected directly to a headquarters outside the facility proper? Is it a private protection service?
Police station? Fire station?
b. Is the system backed up by properly trained, alert guards?
c. Is the alarm system for actíve areas of structures turned off during operational hours?
Page 4 Par 2
19 May 1972 107-1 Appendix 1
d. Is the system tested prior to activating it from nonoperational periods?
e. Is the alarm system inspected regularly?
f. Is the system tamper-resistant? Weatherproof?
g. Is an alternate alarm system provided for use in the event of failure of the primary system?
h. Is an alternate or independent source of power available for use on the system in the event of power failure?
i. Is the emergency power source designed to cut in and operate automatically?
j. Are frequent tests conducted to determine the adequacy and promptness of response to alarm signals?
4. SECURITY COMMUNICATIONS.
a. Is there a security communications system?
b. What means of communications are used?
(1) Telephone.
(a) Is it a commercial switchboard system?
(b) Is it an independent switchboard?
(c) Is it restricted for guard use only?
(d) Are switchboards adequately guarded?
(e) Are call boxes conveniently located?
(E) Are open wires, terminal boxes, cables, etc., frequently inspected for damage, sabotage, and wire-tapping?
(2) Radio.
(a) Is an effective routine code being used? Duress code?
(b) Is proper authentication required?
c. Is security communications equipment in use capable of transmitting instructions to all key posts simultaneously?
d. Is the equipment in use sufficient for guard to communicate with guard headquarters with minimum delay?
e. Is there more than one system of security communications available for exclusive use of security personnel?
f. Does one of these systems have an alternate or independent source?
Par 3 Page 5
107-1 19 May 1972 Appendix 1
g. Is there more than one system of communications restricted to security use available for communicating with outside protective agencies!
h. Has the communications center been provided with adequate security safeguards?
5. PERSONNEL IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL CHECK LIST.
a. Is an identification card or badge used to identify all personnel within the confines of the controlled areas?
b. Does the identification and control system include arrangements for the following:
(1) Protection of coded or printed components of badges and passes.
(2) Designation of the various areas requiring special control measures.
(3) Controlled issue of identification media.
Are there written procedures for the method of identification at time of entering and leaving controlled area, as applied to both employees and visitors?
(1) Details of where, when and how ID cards shall be carried.
(2) Procedures to be followed in case of loss or damage to identification media.
(3) Procedure for recovery and invalidation.
d. If a badge exchange system is used for any controlled area, does the system provide for:
(1) Comparison of badge, pass and personnel?
(2) Physical exchange of pass for badge at time of entrance and exit!
(3) Security of badges not in use?
e. Are personnel who are regularly required to enter areas of varying degrees of security interest provided with special identification?
f. Are personnel who require infrequent access to a critical area and who have not been issued regular security identification for such area treated as "visitors" thereto, and issued either
(1) a visitor's badge or pass?
(2) a special pass?
g. Are all personnel required to wear the security identification badge while on duty?
Page 6 Par 4
19 May 1972 107-1 Appendix 1
h. Do guards at control points compare badges to bearers both upon entry and upon exit?
1. Are badges recorded and controlled by rigid accountability procedures?
j. Are lost badges replaced with one bearing a different number or one that is otherwise not identical to the one lost?
k. What are procedures relative to lost, damaged, and/or forgotten badges?
1. Are rosters of lost badges posted at guard control points?
m. Are badges of such design and appearance as to enable guards and other personnel to recognize quickly and positively the authorizations and limitations applicable to the bearers?
n. Do existing procedures insure the return of identification badges upon termination of employment?
o. What type of badges are issued to outside contractor employees working within the installation?
p. Are all phases of system under supervision and control of security officer?
q. Is there a visitor escort procedure established?
r. Do guards check on visitors' movements to assure that they do not enter areas for which they do not have the required authorization?
s. Are visitors required to conspicuously display identification on outer garments at all times while in controlled areas?
t. When visitors leave the installation, are they required to turn in their identification badges?
u. Is the departure time in each case recorded on the visitor's register?
v. Are visitors indicating an intention to return at a later time permitted to retain their identification badges.
w. What procedures are invoked when visitor identification media are not turned in prior to departure of the visitor?
x. Is there a central receptionist?
(1) If "yes," specify functions.
Par 5 Page 7
107-1 19 May 1972 Appendix 1
(2) Are functions performed under supervision of security officer?
y. Are vendors, tradesmen, utility servicemen, special equipment servicemen, etc., issued a special or distinctive type of visitor badge?
What measures are employed, other than the issuance of identification badges, to control the movement of personnel from other transportation companies working within the perimeter of the facility?
aa. Is the airport security officer the responsible official for all aspects of visitor control?
6. VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION.
a. Is an effective procedure used for control of special vehicles?
(1) Emergency vehicles.
(2) VIP vehicles.
(3) Special courier vehicles.
(4) Vendor's vehicles.
(5) Vehicles with loads which are impracticable to search.
b. Is there coordination between guard headquarters and the activities that handle cargo movements?
c. Is a regular security education program in effect?
7. VEHICLE CONTROL.
a. Are vehicles which are allowed regular access to the airport registered with the airport security officer?
b. Have definite procedures been established for the registration of prívate cars?
c. Do the vehicle registration provisions apply also to motor vehicles owned or operated by: employees of any individual firm, corporation, or contractor engaged in activities on the airport and individuals, partnerships or other business concerns whose business activities require daily or frequent use of their vehicles on the airport?
d. Is annual registration provided for?
e. Are decalcomania or other registration tags affixed to all registered vehicles?
f. Do the controls for registration tags include:
Page 8 Par 5
19 May 1972 107-1 Appendix l
(1) Prohibition against transfer of registration tags for use with a vehicle other than the one for which originally issued?
(2) Replacement of lost tags at the registrant's expense?
(3) Return of tags to the airport security officer when vehicle is no longer authorized entry into facility?
(4) Destruction of invalidated decalcomania?
(5) Is security section notified when employee leaves for over 30 days?
g. What is nature and scope of registration records maintained by the airport security officer?
h. Do private gate guards make periodic checks to insure that vehicles are operated on the premises only by properly licensed persons?
i. Is a definite system used to control the movement of commercial trucks and other goods conveyances into and out of the air operations area?
j. Are loading and unloading platforms located outside the air operations area and separated therefrom by controlled and guard supervised entrances?
k. Are all trucks and other conveyances required to enter through service gates manned by guards?
1. If trucks are permitted direct access to the air operations area, are truck drivers and vehicle contents carefully examined?
m. Does the check at entrances cover both incoming and outgoing vehicles?
n. Are truck registers maintained?
o. Are registers maintained on all company vehicles entering and leaving the facility?
Does the supervision of loading and unloading operations insure that unauthorized goods or people do not enter or leave the installation via trucks or other conveyances?
q. Is a temporary tag issued to visitors' vehicles?
r. Are automobiles allowed to be parked within the air operations area?
s. Are parking lots provided?
t. Are interior parking areas located away from sensitive points?
u. Are interior parking areas fenced so that occupants of automobiles Par 7 Page 9