Appendix 1 APPENDIX 1. FLIGHT AND GROUND LOAD SPECTRA (CONTINUED)
Table A1-11 Gust Spectra For Agricultural Operations Acceleration Fraction Cumulative Frequency of Exceedance per Nautical Mile Acceleration Fraction Cumulative Frequency of Exceedance per Nautical Mile
0.10 3.77707E-01 -0.10 3.11916E-01
0.15 1.61542E-01 -0.15 1.31643E-01
0.20 7.22319E-02 -0.20 5.16164E-02
0.25 3.20268E-02 -0.25 2.15305E-02
0.30 1.34855E-02 -0.30 8.16495E-03
0.35 5.36510E-03 -0.35 3.21070E-03
0.40 2.13189E-03 -0.40 1.26787E-03
0.45 8.47618E-04 -0.45 5.01627E-04
0.50 3.36518E-04 -0.50 1.98343E-04
0.55 1.33203E-04 -0.55 7.78616E-05
0.60 5.22586E-05 -0.60 3.02250E-05
0.65 2.04295E-05 -0.65 1.15962E-05
0.70 7.94281E-06 -0.70 4.39690E-06
0.75 3.12936E-06 -0.75 1.64734E-06
0.80 1.23810E-06 -0.80 6.09684E-07
0.85 4.86588E-07 -0.85 2.22658E-07
0.90 1.89600E-07 -0.90 8.00213E-08
0.95 7.28972E-08 -0.95 2.80746E-08
1.00 2.72943E-08 -1.00 9.38019E-09 A1-25
Acceleration Fraction, an / anLLF Appendix 1 APPENDIX 1. FLIGHT AND GROUND LOAD SPECTRA (CONTINUED)
Cumulative Frequency of Exceedance per Nautical Mile
1.0 3 2
1.5 5 4 6 8 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 Figure A1-12 Maneuver Spectra For Agricultural Operations See Table A1-12 for Tabulated Spectra -1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 A1-26
Appendix 1 APPENDIX 1. FLIGHT AND GROUND LOAD SPECTRA (CONTINUED)
Table A1-12 Maneuver Spectra For Agricultural Operations Acceleration Fraction Cumulative Frequency of Exceedance per Nautical Mile Acceleration Fraction Cumulative Frequency of Exceedance per Nautical Mile
0.10 1.95680E+00 -0.10 1.06968E+00
0.15 1.62395E+00 -0.15 5.94801E-01
0.20 1.30823E+00 -0.20 3.13178E-01
0.25 9.97985E-01 -0.25 1.61990E-01
0.30 6.88328E-01 -0.30 7.11840E-02
0.35 4.44979E-01 -0.35 2.71675E-02
0.40 2.73441E-01 -0.40 8.78560E-03
0.45 1.61710E-01 -0.45 2.43350E-03
0.50 8.97378E-02 -0.50 6.28618E-04
0.55 4.80394E-02 -0.55 1.42839E-04
0.60 2.48058E-02 -0.60 2.96876E-05
0.65 1.23385E-02 -0.65 5.42758E-06
0.70 5.88998E-03 -0.70 9.62766E-07
0.75 2.76188E-03 -0.75 2.06299E-07
0.80 1.26089E-03 -0.80 9.21867E-08
0.85 5.56561E-04 -0.85 1.41585E-09
0.90 2.38497E-04 -0.90 1.11517E-09
0.95 9.89316E-05 -0.95 1.79203E-11
1.00 3.75956E-05 -1.00 1.43870E-12 A1-27
Acceleration Fraction, an / anLLF Appendix 1 APPENDIX 1. FLIGHT AND GROUND LOAD SPECTRA (CONTINUED)
Cumulative Frequency of Exceedance per Nautical Mile
1.0 3 2
1.5 5 4 6 8 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 See Table A1-13 for Tabulated Spectra Figure A1-13 Gust Spectra For Survey (Pipeline Patrol) Usage -1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 A1-28
Appendix 1 APPENDIX 1. FLIGHT AND GROUND LOAD SPECTRA (CONTINUED)
Table A1-13 Gust Spectra For Survey (Pipeline Patrol) Operations Acceleration Fraction Cumulative Frequency of Exceedance per Nautical Mile Acceleration Fraction Cumulative Frequency of Exceedance per Nautical Mile
0.10 4.82042E+00 -0.10 4.81125E+00
0.15 2.07621E+00 -0.15 2.11771E+00
0.20 7.96900E-01 -0.20 8.25646E-01
0.25 2.46602E-01 -0.25 2.88959E-01
0.30 8.89211E-02 -0.30 1.17488E-01
0.35 3.52779E-02 -0.35 5.26061E-02
0.40 1.48846E-02 -0.40 2.51299E-02
0.45 6.53546E-03 -0.45 1.25490E-02
0.50 2.94288E-03 -0.50 6.46049E-03
0.55 1.34544E-03 -0.55 3.39526E-03
0.60 6.20257E-04 -0.60 1.80803E-03
0.65 2.87768E-04 -0.65 9.69846E-04
0.70 1.34389E-04 -0.70 5.21987E-04
0.75 6.29908E-05 -0.75 2.80579E-04
0.80 2.95677E-05 -0.80 1.50280E-04
0.85 1.38490E-05 -0.85 7.99172E-05
0.90 6.43049E-06 -0.90 4.18344E-05
0.95 2.92107E-06 -0.95 2.12119E-05
1.00 1.26226E-06 -1.00 1.00431E-05 A1-29
Acceleration Fraction, an / anLLF Appendix 1 APPENDIX 1. FLIGHT AND GROUND LOAD SPECTRA (CONTINUED)
Cumulative Frequency of Exceedance per Nautical Mile 100
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
See Table A1-14 for Tabulated Spectra Figure A1-14 Maneuver Spectra For Survey (Pipeline Patrol) Usage 8
1.5
1.0 -1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 A1-30
Appendix 1 APPENDIX 1. FLIGHT AND GROUND LOAD SPECTRA (CONTINUED)
Table A1-14 Maneuver Spectra For Survey (Pipeline Patrol) Operations Acceleration Fraction Cumulative Frequency of Exceedance per Nautical Mile Acceleration Fraction Cumulative Frequency of Exceedance per Nautical Mile
0.10 7.42090E-01 -0.10 1.11391E-01
0.15 4.85640E-01 -0.15 4.71406E-02
0.20 2.81225E-01 -0.20 1.35410E-02
0.25 1.53241E-01 -0.25 5.45945E-03
0.30 7.81332E-02 -0.30 2.72563E-03
0.35 3.70863E-02 -0.35 1.41442E-03
0.40 1.63236E-02 -0.40 7.52533E-04
0.45 6.64508E-03 -0.45 4.06358E-04
0.50 2.49947E-03 -0.50 2.21451E-04
0.55 8.71435E-04 -0.55 1.20991E-04
0.60 2.89471E-04 -0.60 6.60759E-05
0.65 9.39729E-05 -0.65 3.60584E-05
0.70 3.01380E-05 -0.70 1.96504E-05
0.75 9.66349E-06 -0.75 1.06815E-05
0.80 3.09532E-06 -0.80 5.77900E-06
0.85 9.89409E-07 -0.85 3.09921E-06
0.90 3.13870E-07 -0.90 1.63439E-06
0.95 9.71706E-08 -0.95 8.33698E-07
1.00 2.76574E-08 -1.00 3.96027E-07 A1-31
Sink Rate, ft / sec Appendix 1
APPENDIX 1. FLIGHT AND GROUND LOAD SPECTRA (CONTINUED)
Cumulative Frequency per 10,000 Landings 106
Curve Description 1 Single-Engine Basic Flight Instruction 2 Single-Engine Unpressurized Operations, Including Personal, Executive and Aerobatic Usage 3 Twin-Engine Unpressurized Usage, Single-Engine and Twin-Engine Pressurized Usage Note: Curves reproduced from Figure 9, Reference 3.
Figure A1-15 Landing Impact Spectra 1 23 8
1.5
1.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
A1-32
- - - - - - Normal Load Factor, nz, g’s Appendix 1
APPENDIX 1. FLIGHT AND GROUND LOAD SPECTRA (CONTINUED)
Occurrences per 1,000 Landings 106
1 .0 1 .2 1 .61 .4 Curve Description 1 All Single-Engine and Twin-Engine Operations, Excluding Aerial Application 2 Agricultural Usage (Aerial Application) Note: Curves reproduced from Figure 10, Reference 3.
Figure A1-16 Taxi Spectra 1 2 8
1.5 100
1.0 + 1+.1 + 1+.3 + 1+.5 +- A1-33 (and 34)
10 3 10 4 10 5 10 10
9/29/05 AC 23-13A Appendix 2 Note: Curves reproduced from Figure 11, Reference 3.
Alternating Stress, SALT ~ ksi 100 80 60 50 40 30 20 10 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 N ~ Number of Cycles Mean Stress, SMEAN, ksi 0
2.5 5
7.5 10 15 20 30 APPENDIX 2. S/N CURVES FOR ALUMINUM COMPONENTS FIGURE A2-1
ENDURANCE OF COMPLETE WINGS AND TAILPLANES (ALUMINUM ALLOY MATERIALS) 7 6 A2- 1
Appendix 2 Note: Curves reproduced from Figure 12, Reference 3.
Alt er nating Stress, SALT ~ ksi 0 5 10 15 20 1 x 104 1 x 105 3 x 104 3 x 10 5 1 x 10 6 3 x 106 N Number of Cycles 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Mean Stress, SMEAN, ksi APPENDIX 2. S/N CURVES FOR ALUMINUM COMPONENTS (CONTINUED) FIGURE A2-2
TYPICAL CONSTANT LIFE CURVES
FOR COMPLETE WINGS AND TAILPLANES
(ALUMINUM ALLOY MATERIALS)
A2-2