AC 23-24
AIRWORTHINESS COMPLIANCE CHECKLISTS FOR COMMON PART 23 SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE
CERTIFICATE (STC) PROJECTS
August 24, 2005
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Initiated By: ACE-100 Washington DC 20401
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FOREWORD
This Advisory Circular (AC) describes one method that may be used to generate compliance checklists for some common airplane changes. These compliance checklists may be used to fulfill some of the requirements for a Certification Plan as part of a part 23 STC project.
s/ Kim Smith Acting Manager, Small Airplane Directorate Aircraft Certification Service i (and ii)
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CONTENTS S e c t i o n P a g e
1. What is the purpose of this Advisory Circular (AC)?1
2. Who is affected by this AC?1
3. What documents does this AC supersede?1
4. What other publications are related to this AC?1
5. How is this Advisory Circular (AC) related to other Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) ACs and Policy Statements?5
6. What common STC projects does this AC address?6
7. Where can the common STC project checklists be found?7
8. How were the standard compliance checklist and the lists of
applicable regulations for these common STC projects developed?7
9. How should the compliance checklists in this AC be used in
certification projects?7
10. Should these checklists be combined into one for projects that cover
more than one of these changes?7
11. How should the standard checklist be filled in to generate a checklist
specific to a project?8
12. What are the applicable regulations and guidance for the installation
of an autopilot system?14
13. What are the applicable regulations and guidance for the installation
of a reciprocating engine with increased horsepower?15
14. What are the applicable regulations and guidance for the installation
of a turbo-prop engine with increased horsepower?17
15. What are the applicable regulations and guidance for the installation
of turbine engines to replace reciprocating engines?20
16. What are the applicable regulations and guidance for the installation
of a different propeller (simple)?21
17. What are the applicable regulations and guidance for the installation
of a different propeller (complex)?22
18. What are the applicable regulations and guidance for the installation
of auxiliary fuel tanks?23
19. What are the applicable regulations and guidance to increase the
airplane gross weight?23
APPENDIX 1 – Standard Compliance ChecklistA1-1
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AC 23-24T 8/24/05
FIGURES F i g u r e P a g e
Figure 1 – First page of the compliance checklist11
Figure 2 – Second page of the compliance checklist12
Figure 3 – Example of an expanded checklist entry13
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AIRWORTHINESS COMPLIANCE CHECKLISTS FOR COMMON PART 23
SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE CERTIFICATE (STC) PROJECTS
1. What is the purpose of this Advisory Circular (AC)?
This AC provides information to create compliance checklists for some common Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 23 Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) projects.
These checklists may be used to fulfill some of the requirements for a Certification Plan for STC projects. The standard compliance checklist provided with this AC shows typical methods of compliance with the regulations and provides a cross-reference to other related guidance material. Guidance specific to STCs for autopilot, engine, propeller, auxiliary fuel tank, and gross weight changes is included in sections 12 through 19 of this AC. The checklists created using the information in this AC complement the guidance in the Guides for Certification of Part 23 Airplanes (ACs 23-8B, 23-16A, 23-17B, and 23-19) and other more project-specific guidance. The certification requirements listed in sections 12 through 19 of this AC may be complete for certain STC projects or may be used as a starting place when applying for an STC that may be beyond the scope of the common STCs in this AC. This AC describes an acceptable means, but not the only means, of compliance with 14 CFR part 23. The material in this AC is neither mandatory nor regulatory in nature and does not constitute a regulation.
2. Who is affected by this AC?
a. Anyone applying for an STC for the common changes covered in this AC may create a project-specific compliance checklist as a starting point for discussions with their geographical Aircraft Certification Office (ACO). The list of ACOs with their addresses and phone numbers may be found on the Internet at www.faa.gov/certification/aircraft/acochart.htm.
b. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) engineers working on STC projects for the common changes covered in this AC may also use the compliance checklists created using this AC as a basis for discussions with anyone applying for an STC.
3. What documents does this AC supersede?
This AC does not supersede any existing documents.
4. What other publications are related to this AC?
The publications listed in these paragraphs are a representative selection of documents that are relevant to part 23 airplane certification. The compliance checklist in Appendix 1 references many of these publications as guidance applicable to individual regulations. Depending on the details of a particular certification project, other guidance material may apply, and the project specific checklist should include all guidance material used. A complete list of documents is available at the Internet addresses listed below.
a. Regulations:
In general, this AC covers 14 CFR part 23 regulations in their entirety. Specific regulations that are applicable to the common STC projects covered in this AC are listed in paragraphs 12 1
AC 23-24T 8/24/05 through 19. In addition, the following regulations are available on the Internet at www.airweb.faa.gov/far.
14 CFR part 21, subpart E Supplemental Type Certificates 14 CFR part 33 Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines 14 CFR part 34 Fuel Venting and Exhaust Emission Requirements for Turbine Engine Powered Airplanes 14 CFR part 35 Airworthiness Standards: Propellers 14 CFR part 36 Noise Standards: Aircraft Type and Airworthiness Certification Many small airplanes certificated before the Civil Air Regulations (CARs) recodification to the Federal Aviation Regulations in 1964 list the CARs in their original certification basis. The checklist in Appendix 1 lists the CAR 3 cross-reference to the 14 CFR part 23 regulations at the recodification. These historic references are on the Internet at http://dotlibrary.specialcollection.net/.
b. FAA Orders and ACs available at no charge:
Copies of the current FAA orders and ACs listed below may be obtained at no charge from:
U.S. Department of Transportation Subsequent Distribution Office, M-30 Ardmore East Business Center 3341Q 75th Avenue Landover, MD 20795
Telephone: 301-322-4779 Facsimile: 301-386-5394 These documents are also available on the Internet at www.airweb.faa.gov/orders and www.airweb.faa.gov/ac respectively.
FAA Order 8110.4B Type Certification FAA Order 8110.48 How to Establish a Certification Basis for Changed Aeronautical Products AC 20-53A Protection of Aircraft Fuel Systems Against Fuel Vapor Ignition Due to Lightning AC 20-66A Vibration and Fatigue Evaluation of Airplane Propellers AC 20-73 Aircraft Ice Protection AC 20-74 Aircraft Position and Anticollision Light Measurements AC 20-88A Guidelines on the Marking of Aircraft AC 20-119 Fuel Drain Valves 2
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AC 20-122A Anti-misfueling Devices: Their Availability and Use AC 20-124 Water Ingestion Testing for Turbine Powered Airplanes AC 20-128A Design Consideration for Minimizing Hazards Caused by Uncontained Turbine Engine and Auxiliary Power Unit Rotor Failure AC 20-130A Airworthiness Approval of Navigation or Flight Management Systems Integrating Multiple Navigation Sensors AC 20-135 Powerplant Installation and Propulsion System Component Fire Protection Test Methods, Standards, and Criteria AC 20-136 Protection of Aircraft Electrical/Electronic Systems against the Indirect Effects of Lightning AC 20-138A Airworthiness Approval of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Equipment AC 20-146 Methodology for Dynamic Seat Certification by Analysis for Use in Part 23, 25, 27, and 29 Airplanes and Rotorcraft AC 20-147 Turbojet, Turboprop, and Turbofan Engine Induction System Icing and Ice Ingestion AC 21-40 Application Guide for Obtaining a Supplemental Type Certificate AC 21.101-1 CHG 1 Establishing the Certification Basis of Changed Aeronautical Products AC 23-2 Flammability Tests AC 23-9 [Large AC] Evaluation of Flight Loads on Small Airplanes with T, V, +, or Y Empennage Configurations AC 23-10 Auxiliary Systems for Reciprocating and Turbine Powered part 23 Airplanes AC 23-13 Fatigue and Fail-Safe Evaluation of Flight Structure and Pressurized Cabin for Part 23 Airplanes AC 23-14 Type Certification Basis for Conversion from Reciprocating Engine to Turbine Engine-Powered Part 23 Airplanes AC 23-15A Small Airplane Certification Compliance Program AC 23-15A CHG 1 Small Airplane Certification Compliance Program AC 23-19 Airframe Guide for Certification of Part 23 Airplanes AC 23-21 Airworthiness Compliance Checklists Used to Substantiate Major Alterations for Small Airplanes AC 23-21 CHG 1 Airworthiness Compliance Checklists Used to Substantiate Major Alterations for Small Airplanes 3
AC 23-24T 8/24/05 AC 23-23 Standardization Guide for Integrated Cockpits in Part 23 Airplanes AC 23.143-1 Ice Contaminated Tailplane Stall (ICTS) AC 23.562-1 Dynamic Testing of Part 23 Airplane Seat/Restraint Systems and Occupant Protection AC 23.607-1 Self-Locking Nuts on Bolts Subject to Rotation AC 23.629-1B Means of Compliance with Section 23.629 “Flutter” AC 23.1309-1C Equipment, Systems, and Installations in Part 23 Airplanes AC 23-1311-1A Installation of Electronic Displays in Part 23 Airplanes AC 23.1419-2C Certification of Part 23 Airplanes for Flight in Icing Conditions AC 23-1523 Minimum Flight Crew AC 33-2B Aircraft Engine Type Certification Handbook AC 33.28-1 Compliance Criteria for 14 CFR § 33.28, Aircraft Engines, Electrical and Electronic Engine Control Systems AC 33.28-2 Guidance Material for 14 CFR § 33.28, Reciprocating Engines, Electrical and Electronic Engine Control Systems AC 35.37-1A Composite Propeller Blade Fatigue Substantiation AC 36-1H Noise Levels for U.S. Certificated and Foreign Aircraft AC 36-2C Measured or Estimated (Uncertificated) Airplane Noise Levels AC 36-3H Estimated Airplane Noise Levels in A-Weighted Decibels AC 36-4C Noise Standards: Aircraft Type and Airworthiness Certification AC 183.29-1HH Designated Engineering Representatives
c. ACs available for purchase:
Copies of the current ACs listed below are available to buy from:
Superintendent of Documents P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954
These documents are also available on the Internet at www.airweb.faa.gov/ac.
AC 23-8B Flight Test Guide for Certification of Part 23 Airplanes AC 23-16A Powerplant Guide for Certification of Part 23 Airplanes and Airships 4
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AC 23-17B Systems and Equipment Guide for Certification of Part 23 Airplanes and Airships AC 23-19 Airframe Guide for Certification of Part 23 Airplanes
d. Policy Statements:
Copies of the current Policy Statements listed below may be obtained at no charge from:
Small Airplane Directorate Regulations and Policy Branch 901 Locust St., Room 301 Kansas City, MO 64106
These documents are also available on the Internet at www.airweb.faa.gov/policy.
PS-ACE100-2001-004 Guidance for Reviewing Certification Plans to Address Human Factors for Certification of Part 23 Small Airplanes PS-ACE100-2001-006 Static Strength Substantiation of Composite Airplane Structure PS-ACE100-2002-002 Installation Approval of Multi-Function Displays Using the AML STC Process PS-ACE100-2002-004 Diesel Engine Installations PS-ACE100-2002-006 Material Qualification and Equivalency for Polymer Matrix Composite material Systems PS-ACE100-2002-007 Final Policy for Pitot Heat Indication Systems for 14 CFR, Part 23, § 23.1326(b)(1) PS-ACE100-2002-008 Propeller Testing Vd Versus VNE PS-ACE100-2004-10023 Final Policy Statement for Flammability of Electrical Wiring Used in Part 23 Aircraft per 14 CFR, part 23, §§ 23.853 and
23.1359 PS-ACE100-2004-10024 Installation of Electronic Engine Control for Reciprocating Engine PS-ACE100-2004-10030 Substantiation of Secondary Composite Structures
5. How is this Advisory Circular (AC) related to other Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ACs and Policy Statements?
a. This AC provides guidance on the applicable sets of regulations for some common STC projects and a standard checklist to use in creating a project-specific checklist. The standard checklist shows the typical methods of compliance with the regulations and cross-references other related guidance material. This AC is organized by topic to address some common STC projects and is to be used with other published guidance described in b and c below.
AC 23-24T 8/24/05
b. The Small Airplane Directorate has published Guides for Certification of Part 23 Airplanes covering broad sections of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 23 regulations (that is: Flight Test, Powerplant, Systems, and Structures). These Guides for Certification of Part 23 Airplanes (that is: ACs 23-8B, 23-16A, 23-17B, and 23-19) provide guidance for showing compliance with individual regulations.
c. The Small Airplane Directorate has published ACs and Policy Statements that address specific airplane installations (for example: AC 23-10, AC 23-14, and AC 23-1419-2C). These documents provide guidance for showing compliance with the sets of regulations applicable to specific airplane design changes and installations.
6. What common STC projects does this AC address?
a. Review of databases for STCs and Certification Project Notices (CPNs) initiated since 2002 shows the five most common categories of changes over this time period are:
(1) Automatic Flight Control Systems installations, including autopilot installations with electric trim;
(2) Engine installations, including total engine replacements, horsepower (hp) increases, using different engine mounts, adding Full Authority Digital Engine Controls (FADEC), cowling modifications, and adding turbochargers;
(3) Propeller installations, including spinner changes and new propellers with different diameters, different number of blades, and variable pitch;
(4) Fuel systems installations, including the addition of auxiliary fuel tanks/cells, fuel filters and flow transducers, annunciators, indicators and pumps, and adding tip tanks; and
(5) Airplane gross weight increases.
b. These categories encompass many different potential airplane changes. This AC covers the following specific STC projects. In the future, checklists may be added to this AC to cover other specific STC projects.
(1) Installation of an autopilot system;
(2) Installation of a reciprocating engine with increased horsepower;
(3) Installation of a turbine engine with increased horsepower;
(4) Installation of turbine engines to replace reciprocating engines;
(5) Installation of a different propeller (simple);
(6) Installation of a different propeller (complex);
(7) Installation of auxiliary fuel tanks; and
(8) Increase in the airplane gross weight.
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7. Where can the common STC project checklists be found?
A standard checklist is in Appendix 1. Sections 12 through 19 of this AC list the basic regulations applicable to each of the different common STC projects. This information may be used to create a checklist for the project as described in sections 9, 10, and 11. The checklists created using this AC are also available on the Internet at http://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/designees_delegations/tools/forms/checklists in a format that allows the user to fill the forms in on their computer.
8. How were the standard compliance checklist and the lists of applicable regulations for these common STC projects developed?
Checklists used by various ACOs on past and present certification projects and current guidance material were used to develop the standard compliance checklist and the lists of applicable regulations for each of the common STC projects.
9. How should the compliance checklists in this AC be used in certification projects?
Order 8110.4B and AC 21-40 describe the STC application process that begins with the applicant submitting a completed FAA Form 8110-12 with a Certification Plan. A compliance checklist may fulfill some of the requirements for the Certification Plan. The information in this AC is a starting point to create a project-specific compliance checklist for some common STC projects that tells how the applicant intends to show compliance with the regulations. This checklist submitted as part of the Certification Plan provides applicants and ACO engineers a communication tool to begin the project.
10. Should these checklists be combined into one for projects that cover more than one of these changes?
Yes, the requirements for each of the changes should be combined into a single checklist if the project includes more than one of the changes listed in this AC. For example, adding auxiliary fuel tanks could involve a gross weight increase. In such cases, it is prudent to plan the certification program to show compliance to the applicable rules for these changes at the same time.
AC 23-24T 8/24/05
11. How should the standard checklist be filled in to generate a checklist specific to a project?
Figures 1 and 2 show the first and second pages of the standard compliance checklist from appendix 1 of this AC. The following paragraphs describe the checklist entries with the letters of the paragraphs below matching the circled letters in the figures. A template checklist for each of the common STC projects listed in sections 12 through 19 of this document is available at http://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/designees_delegations/tools/forms/checklists.
The regulations shown in the standard and template checklists do not show all subparagraphs.
Where the method of compliance differs between subparagraphs of the same regulation, you should expand the checklist to show the subparagraphs and the methods of compliance for each.
Figure 3 shows an example of an expanded checklist entry.
a. When you initially use the checklist, this field will be blank. The ACO assigns a project number when accepting the project application.
b. Enter the name of the originator of the completed checklist.
c. Enter the date of the latest checklist revision.
d. Enter the latest checklist revision. The applicant may choose any method to track this, provided it can distinguish different versions. For example, use sequential numbering or lettering for each new version of the checklist.
e. Enter the make of the airplane to receive this STC, as shown on the Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS) (for example: Cessna, Piper).
f. Enter the complete model number of the airplane to receive this STC, as shown on the TCDS (for example: 150C, PA-32-260).
g. Enter the number of the TCDS for the airplane make and model listed in e and f. The TCDS information is on the Internet at www.airweb.faa.gov/TCDS.
h. Enter the original certification basis of the airplane as listed on the airplane TCDS. It is acceptable to reference the airplane TCDS.
i. Enter the proposed certification basis for this STC project. Refer to AC 21.101-1 CHG 1 and FAA Order 8110.4B for guidance on choosing the proposed certification basis.
j. Check the box to indicate whether the proposed STC is for one serial number only or if it will be for duplication on other aircraft.
k. Enter a brief description of the modification similar to that stated on FAA Form 8110-12 (found in FAA Order 8110.4B). A complete description of the change will appear in the certification plan provided to the ACO as described in FAA Order 8110.4B.
l. Enter the page number and the number of pages.
m. Enter the applicable regulation amendment level used as the Certification Basis for the STC.
n. Enter the method or combination of methods used to show compliance with the regulations. Make an entry for each regulation (or sub-paragraph as explained in paragraph 11 above) in the checklist. The regulations listed in sections 12 through 19 are considered the 8