638 The crew must be provided with a manual means of making the dispensing units immediately available in the event of failure of the automatic system.
(2) Each flight crewmember on flight deck duty must be provided with a quickdonning type oxygen dispensing unit connected to an oxygen supply terminal. This dispensing unit must be immediately available to the flight crewmember when seated at his station, and installed so that it:]
(i) Can be placed on the face from its ready position, properly secured, sealed, and supplying oxygen upon demand, with one hand, within five seconds and without disturbing eyeglasses or causing delay in proceeding with emergency duties; and
(ii) Allows, while in place, the performance of normal communication functions.
[(3) The oxygen dispensing equipment for the flight crewmembers must be:
(i) The diluter demand or pressure demand (pressure demand mask with a diluter demand pressure breathing regulator) type, or other approved oxygen equipment shown to provide the same degree of protection, for airplanes to be operated above 25,000 feet.
(ii) The pressure demand (pressure demand mask with a diluter demand pressure breathing regulator) type with mask-mounted regulator, or other approved oxygen equipment shown to provide the same degree of protection, for airplanes operated at altitudes where decompressions that are not extremely improbable may expose the flightcrew to cabin pressure altitudes in excess of 34,000 feet.
(4) Portable oxygen equipment must be immediately available for each cabin attendant.]
b. Guidance.
(1) Paragraph (c)(1). Automatic presentation is acceptable if the dispensing unit (mask) is presented in front of the eyes when the person's head is resting on the seat back cushion with the seat in any position, such as upright, reclined, swiveled or tracked. The mask need not be presented in front of all persons if there is sufficient "crowd awareness," i.e., the vast majority have proper presentation and the others can readily Refer to that the masks have been presented.
These latter persons should have a preflight briefing clearly showing them the location of their mask. The mask should be reachable with the seat belt fastened. In some seating arrangements, such as executive interiors, the various seat positions result in many different combinations of occupant groupings. Each combination should have an adequate number of masks reachable by every person. Consideration should be given to minimizing the likelihood of persons taking the wrong mask, thus depriving another person of their mask. If the mask must be pulled to initiate oxygen flow, the mask should be presented so that the person must pull the mask to don it. The 5th percentile female and 95th percentile male should be considered. For such as sleeper seats,
639 bunks or lavatories, a streamer of webbing attached to the mask is acceptable to enable the person to pull the mask down to them. (Amendment 25-0)
(2) Paragraph (c)(1). In order to be assured the dispensing units (masks) are presented before the cabin altitude exceeds 15,000 feet, all system tolerances should be considered.
Generally, the aneroid has a broad altitude range of actuation: as much as 2000 feet. It will be acceptable if the upper altitude limit is such as 14,500 feet, thus assuring that the masks will be presented by a cabin altitude of 15,000 feet. This identical guidance has been applied since Amendment 4b-9, effective September 1, 1958, to CAR 4b. This altitude was associated with the requirements of § 25.841(a) (CAR 4b.374(b)), which requires a cabin altitude of no more than 15,000 feet after a reasonably probable pressurization system failure and § 121.329(c)(3) which requires that 100 percent of the passengers be provided oxygen above a cabin altitude of 15,000 feet. (Amendment 25-41)
(3) Paragraph (c)(1). The reason for these extra masks is stated in the preamble to Amendment 4b-9, effective September 1, 1958, to CAR 4b. "The cabin attendants, in the course of their normal duties may be at any place in the cabin at the time of depressurization. Since at the normal cruising altitude of turbine-powered airplanes sufficient time may not be available for the attendants to return to a designated oxygen station, it is necessary that either a portable oxygen supply be carried by each attendant or that sufficient additional outlets and units of dispensing equipment be immediately available throughout the cabin to insure that it will be attainable at all times." From a practical standpoint, these extra masks can and will also be used for children seated on an adult's lap. (Amendment 25-0)
(4) Paragraph (c)(4). If a portable oxygen bottle is installed for both first aid and flight attendant use, the bottle must be placarded to clearly indicate the quantity of oxygen intended for each purpose. The placard should also indicate which mask, outlet and/or setting should be used.
(Amendment 25-0)
(5) Paragraph (c)(4). Portable oxygen bottles intended for flight attendant use need not be installed at a flight attendant station. The bottles should have, to the degree practicable, a uniform distribution in the cabin and be immediately available. There need only be one bottle for each required flight attendant: to comply with § 121.391 or for example, if more flight attendants are used in the evacuation test, the higher number is required. There need not be one bottle for each flight attendant seat. (Amendment 25-0) 974 - 1010. [RESERVED]
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641 SECTION 25.1451 FIRE PROTECTION FOR OXYGEN EQUIPMENT 1011. REGULATION IN EFFECT AT ADOPTION OF PART 25.
a. Regulation.
(a) Oxygen equipment and lines may not be in any designated fire zone.
(b) Oxygen equipment and lines must be protected from heat that may be generated in, or escape from, any designated fire zone.
(c) Oxygen equipment and lines must be installed so that escaping oxygen cannot cause ignition of grease, fluid, or vapor accumulations that are present in normal operation or as a result of failure or malfunction of any system.
b. Guidance. Oxygen distribution systems are considered as part of the interior and should meet the applicable standards of § 25.853. (Amendment 25-0) 1012. AMENDMENT 25-72, Effective August 20, 1990.
The Section 25.1451 was relocated to Section 25.869(c) at Amendment 25-72.
1013 - 1040. [RESERVED]
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643 SECTION 25.1541 MARKINGS AND PLACARDS—GENERAL 1041. REGULATION IN EFFECT AT ADOPTION OF PART 25.
a. Regulation.
(a) The airplane must contain-
(l) The specified markings and placards; and
(2) Any additional information, instrument markings, and placards required for safe operation if there are unusual design, operating, or handling characteristics.
(b) Each marking and placard prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section-
(l) Must be displayed in a conspicuous place; and
(2) May not be easily erased, disfigured, or obscured.
b. Guidance.(l) Placards indicating emergency equipment should be approximately at eye level and should not blend in with the surrounding decor. A color contrast that complies with § 25.811(f)(2) is acceptable. If the emergency equipment is located in an upper or lower compartment, the eye level placard should have an arrow indicating the compartment. Each compartment containing emergency equipment such as life preservers, rafts, slides, slide/rafts, or fire extinguishers should be placarded as to its contents. For small executive airplanes which may not allow placards to be located at eye level, the placards should be located in as conspicuous a location as practicable. (Amendment 25-0)
(2) Placards should be in English and of command type wording. Bilingual placards are acceptable. Required placards and markings not in English do not meet U.S. type design requirements. (Amendment 25-0)
(3) Symbolic placards have been approved for certain emergency equipment and passenger information signs. Refer to Appendix 2. (Amendment 25-0)
(4) There should be placards on stowage units, overhead bins, dog houses, etc., that state that the doors, drawers, etc., should be latched or secured closed for taxi, take-off and landing. (Amendment 25-0)
(5) Unless there is a partition to protect emergency equipment, stowage units that contain emergency equipment should be placarded for soft articles only, no stowage, or emergency equipment only, to preclude damage to the equipment and the possibility of the equipment being hidden by other articles placed in the compartment. (Refer to paragraphs 101b(1), 801b(1)(ii), and 1101b(2).) (Amendment 25-0)
(6) Galley and stowage unit doors, drawers, etc., that interfere with the opening of an emergency exit should be spring-loaded closed. The evaluation for interference is made with the stowage unit door in any position and opening the emergency exit from either the inside or the outside. If it is not possible to spring load the door, drawers, etc., there should be a special emphasis placard to close and latch for taxi, takeoff, and landing. (Refer to paragraph 411b(2)( ii).) (Amendment 25-0)
(7) Curtains in aisles and passageways should be placarded to be fastened open for taxi, takeoff, and landing. The placards should be visible from both sides of a curtain installed across an aisle and from at least the aisle side of a curtain installed across a passageway to an exit.
(Refer to paragraph 411b(2)(ii).) (Amendment 25-0)
(8) Divided compartments should, for maximum clarity, have each section placarded for its weight limit. Alternatively, however, a single placard identifying a compartment load limit may be allowed, provided that the placarded load can be distributed among the sections in any manner and the placard is located such that it is visible throughout the loading process and it is clear that it applies to the entire compartment.. (Refer to paragraph 101b(2).) (Amendment 25-0)
(9) Load limit placards on galleys and stowage units should take into account the critical load distribution. (Amendment 25-0)
(10) Appendix 2 contains an illustrated listing of acceptable symbolic regulatory messages. (Amendment 25-0)
(11) All compartments should be placarded in such a way that the placarding is visible to the individual loading the compartment prior to the installation of dedicated items (e.g., carts, standard meal containers, coffee makers, etc) or during the loading of loose items. The placard should be visible without additional movement of articles beyond that required for loading the compartment. (Amendment 25-0)
(12) When a compartment is designed to contain more than one cart with side restraint dependent upon adjacent cart(s), a placard must be installed requiring installation of the adjacent cart(s) or no carts, as applicable, to assure adequate restraint during taxi, takeoff, and landing.
The placard must be specific and located adjacent to the applicable compartment and must be visible during compartment loading (Refer to paragraph 123a). (Amendment 25-0)
(13) Paragraph (b)(2). The intent of the regulation is for the information included on the placarding to remain legible to the occupants needing the information. Placards that can be easily removed do not meet the intent of this regulation. (Amendment 25-0) 1042 - 1060. [RESERVED]
645 SECTION 25.1557 MISCELLANEOUS MARKINGS AND PLACARDS 1061. REGULATION IN EFFECT AT ADOPTION OF PART 25.
NOTE: This AC only addresses paragraphs (a), (c), and (d) of this section.
a. Regulation.
(a) Baggage and cargo compartments, and ballast location. Each baggage and cargo compartment, and each ballast location must have a placard stating any limitations on contents, including weight, that are necessary under the loading conditions.
(c) Emergency exit placards. Each emergency exit placard must meet the requirements of § 25.811.
(d) Doors. Each door that must be used in order to reach any required emergency exit must have a suitable placard stating that the door is to be latched in the open position during take off and landing.
b. Guidance. There is no guidance for this regulation.
1062. AMENDMENT 25-32, Effective May 1, 1972.
a. Regulation.
[(a) Baggage and cargo compartments and ballast location. Each baggage and cargo compartment, and each ballast location must have a placard stating any limitations on contents, including weight, that are necessary under the loading requirements. However, underseat compartments designed for the storage of carryon articles weighing not more than 20 pounds need not have a loading limitations placard.]
(c) Emergency exit placards. Each emergency exit placard must meet the requirements of § 25.811.
(d) Doors. Each door that must be used in order to reach any required emergency exit must have a suitable placard stating that the door is to be latched in the open position during takeoff and landing.
b. Guidance. There is no guidance for this amendment.
646 1063. AMENDMENT 25-38, Effective February 1, 1977.
a. Regulation. - Amendment 25-38 Did Not Change Paragraphs (a), (c), or (d).
(a) Baggage and cargo compartments and ballast location. Each baggage and cargo compartment, and each ballast location must have a placard stating any limitations contents, including weight, that are necessary under the loading requirements.
However, underseat compartments designed for the storage of carry-on articles weighing not more than 20 pounds need not have a loading limitation placard.
(c) Emergency exit placards. Each emergency exit placard must meet the requirements of § 25.811.
(d) Doors. Each door that must be used in order to reach any required emergency exit must have a suitable placard stating that the door is to be latched in the open position during takeoff and landing.
b. Guidance. There is no guidance for this amendment.
1064. AMENDMENT 25-72, Effective August 20, 1990.
NOTE: This AC only addresses paragraphs (a), (c), and (d) of this section.
a. Regulation.
(a) Baggage and cargo compartments and ballast location. Each baggage and cargo compartment, and each ballast location must have a placard stating any limitations on contents, including weight, that are necessary under the loading requirements. However, underseat compartments designed for the storage of carryon articles weighing not more than 20 pounds need not have a loading limitation placard.
(c) Emergency exit placards. Each emergency exit placard must meet the requirements of § 25.811.
(d) Doors. Each door that must be used in order to reach any required emergency exit must have a suitable placard stating that the door is to be latched in the open position during takeoff and landing.
b. Guidance. There is no additional guidance for this amendment.
1065 - 1100. [RESERVED]
647 SECTION 25.1561 SAFETY EQUIPMENT 1101. REGULATION IN EFFECT AT ADOPTION OF PART 25.
a. Regulation.
(a) Each safety equipment control to be operated by the crew in emergency, such as controls for automatic life raft releases, must be plainly marked as to its method of operation.
(b) Each location, such as a locker or compartment, that carries any fire extinguishing, signaling or other life saving equipment must be marked accordingly.
(c) Stowage provisions for required emergency equipment must be conspicuously marked to identify the contents and facilitate removal of the equipment.
(d) Each life raft must have obviously marked operating instructions.
(e) Approved survival equipment must be marked for identification and method of operation.
b. Guidance.
(1) Paragraph (b). Equipment such as fire extinguishers, located in clear view, need not have an arrow or other indicators pointing to location. However, the location should be clearly marked to indicate what equipment goes in that location should that equipment be removed.
(Amendment 25-0)
(2) Paragraph (c). If the slide, slide/raft and/or locator transmitter is installed in a container on the exit, the container should be marked "SLIDE," "SLIDE/RAFT," and/or "LOCATOR TRANSMITTER," as applicable. (Refer to paragraphs 101b(1), 801b(1)(ii), and 1041b(5).) (Amendment 25-0) 1102. AMENDMENT 25-46, Effective December 1, 1978.
a. Regulation.
(a) Each safety equipment control to be operated by the crew in emergency, such as controls for automatic liferaft releases, must be plainly marked as to its method of operation.
(b) Each location, such as a locker or compartment, that carries any fire extinguishing, signaling, or other lifesaving equipment must be marked accordingly.
(c) Stowage provisions for required emergency equipment must be conspicuously marked to identify the contents and facilitate [the easy] removal of the equipment.
(d) Each liferaft must have obviously marked operating instructions.
(e) Approved survival equipment must be marked for identification and method of operation.
b. Guidance.
(1) Paragraph (b). Equipment such as fire extinguishers, located in clear view, need not have an arrow or other indicators pointing to location. However, the location should be clearly marked to indicate what equipment goes in that location should that equipment be removed.
(Amendment 25-0)
(2) Paragraph (c). If the slide, slide/raft and/or locator transmitter is installed in a container on the exit, the container should be marked "SLIDE," "SLIDE/RAFT," and/or "LOCATOR TRANSMITTER," as applicable. (Refer to paragraphs 101b(1), 801b(1)(ii), and 1041b(5).) (Amendment 25-0) 1103 - 1150. [RESERVED]
649 APPENDIX F TO PART 25
ACCEPTABLE PROCEDURES FOR SHOWING COMPLIANCE WITH §§ 25.853, 25.855, and 25.1359 1151. APPENDIX F Did Not Exist Prior to Amendment 25-15.
1152. APPENDIX F, AMENDMENT 25-15, Effective October 24, 1967.
AN ACCEPTABLE TEST PROCEDURE FOR SHOWING COMPLIANCE WITH § 25.853.
(a) Conditioning. Specimens must be conditioned at 70±5 degrees F., and at 50±5 percent plus or minus 5 percent relative humidity until moisture equilibrium is reached. Only one specimen at a time may be removed from the conditioned environment immediately before subjecting it to the flame.
(b) Specimen configuration. The specimen must be no thicker than the minimum thickness to be qualified for use in the airplane. Rigid and flexible specimens, 4-l/2-inches by 12- 1/2-inches, or the actual size used in the airplane must be clamped in a metal frame so that the two long edges and one end are held securely. The frame must be such that the exposed area is at least 2-inches wide and 11-l/2-inches long unless the actual size used in the airplane is smaller. In the case of fabrics, the direction of the weave corresponding to the most critical burn rate must be parallel to the longest dimension.
(c) Apparatus. The tests must be conducted in a sheet metal cabinet of approximate size provided with a door containing a glass insert for observing the burning specimen. The cabinet top must contain a baffled vent. There must be baffled holes or similar means of ventilation near the bottom of the cabinet. Larger panels need not be tested in this apparatus but must be tested in similar draft free conditions.
(d) Horizontal test. A minimum of three specimens must be tested and the results averaged.
Each specimen must be supported horizontally. The surface exposed to the air when installed in the aircraft must be face down for the test. The specimen must be ignited by a Bunsen burner or Tirrill burner with a nominal three-eighths-inch internal diameter (I.D.)
tube adjusted to give a flame of 1-1/2-inches in height with the air completely shutoff. The specimen must be positioned so that the edge being tested is three-fourths-inch above the top of, and on the center line of, the burner. The flame must be applied for 15 seconds and then removed. Char length must be noted when testing for compliance with § 25.853(a). To determine burn rate for compliance with § 25.853(b), a minimum of 10- inches of the specimen must be used for timing purposes, approximately 1-1/2-inches must burn before the burning front reaches the timing zone, and the average burn rate must not exceed 4-inches per minute. If, in testing for compliance with § 25.853(b), the specimens do not support combustion after the ignition flame is applied for 15 seconds, or if the flame extinguishes itself and subsequent burning without a flame does not extend into the undamaged areas, the material is also acceptable.