(i) TSO-C12c. Paragraph 4.2.1 “RAFT MOORING LINE.” A suitable mooring line with a wet breaking strength of 450-550 lbs and with a minimum length of 20 feet shall be provided. One end shall be attached to the raft at the point of intersection of the tubes on the outer periphery of the raft with the rest of the line held flaked to the carrying case (Refer to 4.2.8 below). The strength of the attachment of the raft shall be in excess of the strength of the line.
(Amendment 25-0) (A) NOTE: This line is considered as being the static line required by CAR 4b.645(a) (Section 25.1415(b)(2) of the CFR).
(ii) TSO-C69a. Paragraph 4.10 “MOORING LINE.” A nonrotting mooring line at least 20 feet in length must be attached at one end to the slide/raft. The mooring line must be capable of keeping the slide/raft, loaded to maximum rated capacity, attached to a floating aircraft, and not endanger the slide/raft or cause the slide/raft to spill occupants if the aircraft sinks. The line may be equipped with a mechanical release linkage. The breaking strength of the line must be at least 500 lbs, or 40 times the rated capacity of the slide/raft, whichever is greater, but need not exceed 1,000 lbs. (Amendment 25-0)
(iii) TSO-C70a. Paragraph 5.10 “MOORING LINE.” A nonrotting mooring line at least 20 feet in length must be attached at one end to one end of the raft, with the remainder of the line held flaked to the carrying case (Refer to 5.2). The mooring line must be capable of keeping the raft, loaded to maximum rated capacity, attached to a floating aircraft, and not endanger the raft or cause the raft to spill occupants if the aircraft sinks. The line may be equipped with a mechanical release linkage. The breaking strength of the line must be at least 500 lbs, or 40 times the rated capacity of the raft, whichever is greater, but need not exceed 1,000 lbs. (Amendment 25-0)
(5) Paragraph (c). Refer to AC 120-47, “Survival Equipment for Use in Overwater Operations,” dated 6/12/87. (Amendment 25-52) 846 - 880. [RESERVED]
627 SECTION 25.1421 MEGAPHONES
881. Section 25.1421 Did Not Exist Prior to Amendment 25-41.
882. AMENDMENT 25-41, Effective September 1, 1977.
a. Regulation.
If a megaphone is installed, a restraining means must be provided that is capable of restraining the megaphone when it is subjected to the ultimate inertia forces specified in § 25.561(b)(3).
b. Guidance.
The location of the megaphone and the operation of the restraint means should still allow for quick and easy release of the megaphone in accordance with § 25.1411. (Amendment 25-41) 883 - 900. [RESERVED]
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629 SECTION 25.1423 PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
901. Section 25.1423 Did Not Exist Prior to Amendment 25-70.
902. AMENDMENT 25-70, Effective November 27, 1989.
a. Regulation.
[Public address system.] [A public address system required by this chapter must be powerable, in flight or stopped on the ground, after the shutdown or failure of all engines and auxiliary power units, or the disconnection or failure of all power sources dependent on their continued operation, for-
(a) A time duration of at least 10 minutes, including an aggregate time duration of at least 5 minutes of announcements made by flight and cabin crewmembers, considering all other loads which may remain powered by the same source when all other power sources are inoperative; and
(b) An additional time duration in its standby state appropriate or required for any other loads that are powered by the same source and that are essential to safety of flight or required during emergency conditions.]
b. Guidance.
(1) Refer to § 25.1411(a)(2) at this amendment level. (Amendment 25-70)
903. AMENDMENT 25-79, Effective September 27, 1993.
a. Regulation.
[A public address system required by this chapter must-
(a) Be powerable when the aircraft is in flight or stopped on the ground, after the shutdown or failure of all engines and auxiliary power units, or the disconnection or failure of all power sources dependent on their continued operation, for--
(1) A time duration of at least 10 minutes, including an aggregate time duration of at least 5 minutes of announcements made by flight and cabin crewmembers, considering all other loads which may remain powered by the same source when all other power sources are inoperative; and
(2) An additional time duration in its standby state appropriate or required for any other loads that are powered by the same source and that are essential to safety of flight or required during emergency conditions.
(b) Be capable of operation within 10 seconds by a flight attendant at those stations in the passenger compartment from which the system is accessible.
(c) Be intelligible at all passenger seats, lavatories, and flight attendant seats and work stations.
(d) Be designed so that no unused, unstowed microphone will render the system inoperative.
(e) Be capable of functioning independently of any required crewmember interphone system.
(f) Be accessible for immediate use from each of two flight crewmember stations in the pilot compartment.
(g) For each required floor-level passenger emergency exit which has an adjacent flight attendant seat, have a microphone which is readily accessible to the seated flight attendant, except that one microphone may serve more than one exit, provided the proximity of the exits allows unassisted verbal communication between seated flight attendants.]
b. Guidance.
(1) Refer to § 25.1411(a)(2) at this amendment level. (Amendment 25-70)
(2) “Readily accessible to the seated flight attendant” means that the range of flight attendants between 5th percentile female and 95th percentile male can reach the microphone while seated and belted. A demonstration using a 5th percentile female accessing the microphone while seated and belted would be acceptable for the range of flight attendants for this requirement.
(Amendment 25-79) 904 - 920. [RESERVED]
631 SECTION 25.1439(a) PROTECTIVE BREATHING EQUIPMENT
921. REGULATION IN EFFECT AT ADOPTION OF PART 25.
NOTE: This AC only addresses one paragraph of this section.
a. Regulation.
If there is a Class A, B, or E cargo compartment, protective breathing equipment must be installed for the use of appropriate crewmembers.
b. Guidance. There is no guidance for this regulation.
922. AMENDMENT 25-38, Effective February 1, 1977.
a. Regulation.
If there is a Class A, B, or E cargo compartment, protective breathing equipment must be installed for the use of appropriate crewmembers. In addition, protective breathing equipment must be installed in each isolated separate compartment in the airplane, including upper and lower lobe galleys, in which crewmember occupancy is permitted during flight for the maximum number of crewmembers expected to be in the area during any operation.
b. Guidance. TSO C116, “Crewmember Protective Breathing Equipment,” provides suitable design standards to meet the intent of this regulation. (Amendment 25-38) 923 - 970. [RESERVED]
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633 SECTION 25.1447 EQUIPMENT STANDARDS FOR OXYGEN DISPENSING UNITS
971. REGULATION IN EFFECT AT ADOPTION OF PART 25.
a. Regulation.
If oxygen dispensing units are installed, the following apply:
(a) There must be an individual dispensing unit for each occupant for whom supplemental oxygen is to be supplied. Units must be designed to cover the nose and mouth and must be equipped with a suitable means to retain the unit in position on the face. Flightcrew masks for supplemental oxygen must have provisions for the use of communication equipment.
(b) If certification for operation up to and including 25,000 feet is requested, an oxygen supply terminal and unit of oxygen dispensing equipment for the immediate use of oxygen by each crewmember must be within easy reach of that crewmember.
For any other occupants, the supply terminals and dispensing equipment must be located to allow the use of oxygen as required by the operating rules of this chapter.
(c) If certification for operation above 25,000 feet is requested, there must be oxygen dispensing equipment meeting the following requirements:
(1) There must be an oxygen dispensing unit connected to oxygen supply terminals immediately available to each occupant, wherever seated. If certification for operation above 30,000 feet is requested, the dispensing units providing the required oxygen flow rate must be automatically presented to the occupants. The total number of dispensing units and outlets must exceed the number of seats by at least 10 percent.
The extra units must be as uniformly distributed throughout the cabin as practicable.
(2) Crewmembers on flight deck duty must be provided with demand equipment. In addition, there must be an oxygen dispensing unit, connected to an oxygen supply terminal, immediately available to each flight crewmember when seated at his station.
(3) There must be at least two outlets and units of dispensing equipment of a type similar to that required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph in-
(i) Each washroom; and
(ii) Each lavatory, if separate from the washroom.
(4) Portable oxygen equipment must be immediately available for each cabin attendant.
b. Guidance.
(1) Paragraph (c)(1). Automatic presentation is acceptable if the dispensing unit (mask) is presented in front of the eyes when the person's head is resting on the seat back cushion with the seat in any position, such as upright, reclined, swiveled or tracked. The mask need not be presented in front of all persons if there is sufficient "crowd awareness," i.e., the vast majority have proper presentation and the others can readily Refer to that the masks have been presented.
These latter persons should have a preflight briefing clearly showing them the location of their mask. The mask should be reachable with the seat belt fastened. In some seating arrangements, such as executive interiors, the various seat positions result in many different combinations of occupant groupings. Each combination should have an adequate number of masks reachable by every person. Consideration should be given to minimizing the likelihood of persons taking the wrong mask, thus depriving another person of their mask. If the mask must be pulled to initiate oxygen flow, the mask should be presented so that the person must pull the mask to don it. The 5th percentile female and 95th percentile male should be considered. For such as sleeper seats, bunks or lavatories, a streamer of webbing attached to the mask is acceptable to enable the person to pull the mask down to them. (Amendment 25-0)
(2) Paragraph (c)(1). The 10 percent extra mask requirement applies to certification for operation above 25,000 feet rather than 30,000 feet as might be thought based on the regulation wording. The reason for these extra masks is stated in the preamble to Amendment 4b-9, effective September 1, 1958, to CAR 4b. "The cabin attendants, in the course of their normal duties may be at any place in the cabin at the time of depressurization. Since at the normal cruising altitude of turbine-powered airplanes sufficient time may not be available for the attendants to return to a designated oxygen station, it is necessary that either a portable oxygen supply be carried by each attendant or that sufficient additional outlets and units of dispensing equipment be immediately available throughout the cabin to insure that it will be attainable at all times." From a practical standpoint, these extra masks can and will also be used for children seated on an adult's lap. (Amendment 25-0)
(3) Paragraph (c)(4). If a portable oxygen bottle is installed for both first aid and flight attendant use, the bottle must be placarded to clearly indicate the quantity of oxygen intended for each purpose. The placard should also indicate which mask, outlet and/or setting should be used.
(Amendment 25-0)
(4) Paragraph (c)(4). Portable oxygen bottles intended for flight attendant use need not be installed at a flight attendant station. The bottles should have, to the degree practicable, a uniform distribution in the cabin and be immediately available. There need only be one bottle for each required flight attendant: to comply with § 121.391 or for example, if more flight attendants are used in the evacuation test, the higher number is required. There need not be one bottle for each flight attendant seat. (Amendment 25-0)
972. AMENDMENT 25-41, Effective September 1, 1977.
a. Regulation.
If oxygen dispensing units are installed, the following apply:
(a) There must be an individual dispensing unit for each occupant for whom supplemental oxygen is to be supplied. Units must be designed to cover the nose and mouth and must be equipped with a suitable means to retain the unit in position on the face. Flight crew masks for supplemental oxygen must have provisions for the use of communication equipment.
(b) If certification for operation up to and including 25,000 feet is requested, an oxygen supply terminal and unit of oxygen dispensing equipment for the immediate use of oxygen by each crewmember must be within easy reach of that crewmember.
For any other occupants, the supply terminals and dispensing equipment must be located to allow the use of oxygen as required by the operating rules of this chapter.
(c) If certification for operation above 25,000 feet is requested, there must be oxygen dispensing equipment meeting the following requirements:
[(1) There must be an oxygen dispensing unit connected to oxygen supply terminals immediately available to each occupant, wherever seated. If certification for operation above 30,000 feet is requested, the dispensing units providing the required oxygen flow must be automatically presented to the occupants before the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 15,000 feet and the crew must be provided with a manual means to make the dispensing units immediately available in the event of failure of the automatic system. The total number of dispensing units and outlets must exceed the number of seats by at least 10 percent. The extra units must be as uniformly distributed throughout the cabin as practicable.
(2) Each flight crewmember on flight deck duty must be provided with demand equipment. In addition, each flight crewmember must be provided with a quickdonning type of oxygen dispensing unit, connected to an oxygen supply terminal, that is immediately available to him when seated at his station, and that is designed and installed so that it-
(i) Can be placed on the face from its ready position, properly secured, scaled, and supplying oxygen upon demand, with one hand within five seconds and without disturbing eyeglasses or causing delay in proceeding with emergency duties; and
(ii) Allows, while in place, the performance of normal communication functions.]
(3) There must be at least two outlets and units of dispensing equipment of a type similar to that required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph in-
(i) Each washroom; and
(ii) Each lavatory; if separate from the washroom.
(4) Portable oxygen equipment must be immediately available for each cabin attendant.
b. Guidance.
(1) Paragraph (c)(1). Automatic presentation is acceptable if the dispensing unit (mask) is presented in front of the eyes when the person's head is resting on the seat back cushion with the seat in any position, such as upright, reclined, swiveled or tracked. The mask need not be presented in front of all persons if there is sufficient "crowd awareness," i.e., the vast majority have proper presentation and the others can readily Refer to that the masks have been presented.
These latter persons should have a preflight briefing clearly showing them the location of their mask. The mask should be reachable with the seat belt fastened. In some seating arrangements, such as executive interiors, the various seat positions result in many different combinations of occupant groupings. Each combination should have an adequate number of masks reachable by every person. Consideration should be given to minimizing the likelihood of persons taking the wrong mask, thus depriving another person of their mask. If the mask must be pulled to initiate oxygen flow, the mask should be presented so that the person must pull the mask to don it. The 5th percentile female and 95th percentile male should be considered. For such as sleeper seats, bunks or lavatories, a streamer of webbing attached to the mask is acceptable to enable the person to pull the mask down to them. (Amendment 25-0)
(2) Paragraph (c)(1). In order to be assured the dispensing units (masks) are presented before the cabin altitude exceeds 15,000 feet, all system tolerances should be considered.
Generally, the aneroid has a broad altitude range of actuation: as much as 2000 feet. It will be acceptable if the upper altitude limit is such as 14,500 feet, thus assuring that the masks will be presented by a cabin altitude of 15,000 feet. This identical guidance has been applied since Amendment 4b-9, effective September 1, 1958, to CAR 4b. This altitude was associated with the requirements of § 25.841(a) (CAR 4b.374(b)), which requires a cabin altitude of no more than 15,000 feet after a reasonably probable pressurization system failure and § 121.329(c)(3) which requires that 100 percent of the passengers be provided oxygen above a cabin altitude of 15,000 feet. (Amendment 25-41)
(3) Paragraph (c)(1). The 10 percent extra mask requirement applies to certification for operation above 25,000 feet rather than 30,000 feet as might be thought based on the regulation wording. The reason for these extra masks is stated in the preamble to Amendment 4b-9, effective September 1, 1958, to CAR 4b. "The cabin attendants, in the course of their normal duties may be at any place in the cabin at the time of depressurization. Since at the normal cruising altitude of turbine-powered airplanes sufficient time may not be available for the attendants to return to a designated oxygen station, it is necessary that either a portable oxygen supply be carried by each attendant or that sufficient additional outlets and units of dispensing equipment be immediately available throughout the cabin to insure that it will be attainable at all
637 times." From a practical standpoint, these extra masks can and will also be used for children seated on an adult's lap. (Amendment 25-0)
(4) Paragraph (c)(4). If a portable oxygen bottle is installed for both first aid and flight attendant use, the bottle must be placarded to clearly indicate the quantity of oxygen intended for each purpose. The placard should also indicate which mask, outlet and/or setting should be used.
(Amendment 25-0)
(5) Paragraph (c)(4). Portable oxygen bottles intended for flight attendant use need not be installed at a flight attendant station. The bottles should have, to the degree practicable, a uniform distribution in the cabin and be immediately available. There need only be one bottle for each required flight attendant: to comply with § 121.391 or for example, if more flight attendants are used in the evacuation test, the higher number is required. There need not be one bottle for each flight attendant seat. (Amendment 25-0)
973. AMENDMENT 25-87, Effective July 5, 1996.
a. Regulation.
If oxygen dispensing units are installed, the following apply:
(a) There must be an individual dispensing unit for each occupant for whom supplemental oxygen is to be supplied. Units must be designed to cover the nose and mouth and must be equipped with a suitable means to retain the unit in position on the face. Flight crew masks for supplemental oxygen must have provisions for the use of communication equipment.
(b) If certification for operation up to and including 25,000 feet is requested, an oxygen supply terminal and unit of oxygen dispensing equipment for the immediate use of oxygen by each crewmember must be within easy reach of that crewmember.
For any other occupants, the supply terminals and dispensing equipment must be located to allow the use of oxygen as required by the operating rules in this chapter.
(c) If certification for operation above 25,000 feet is requested, there must be oxygen dispensing equipment meeting the following requirements:
[(1) There must be an oxygen dispensing unit connected to oxygen supply terminals immediately available to each occupant wherever seated, and at least two oxygen dispensing units connected to oxygen terminals in each lavatory. The total number of dispensing units and outlets in the cabin must exceed the number of seats by at least 10 percent. The extra units must be as uniformly distributed throughout the cabin as practicable. If certification for operation above 30,000 feet is requested, the dispensing units providing the required oxygen flow must be automatically presented to the occupants before the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 15,000 feet.