AU 43-204 8/14/97 Appendix G
VISUAL INSPECTION EQUIPMENT
MANUFACTURER OF SUPPLIER VISUAL INSPECTION EQUIPMENT SUPPLIED Circon ACMI Remote viewing instruments and systems:
P.O. Box 1971 borescopes; borescope video systems; and Stamford, cO 06904 high-intensity light sources.
(203) 328-8751 Fibertron Inc. Remote viewing instruments: industrial 600 N. Shepherd Bldg. 115 borescopes; borescope video systems; and Houston, TX 77007 high-intensity light sources.
(713) 861-3602 Instrument Technology Inc. Remote viewing instruments: industrial P.O. Box 381 borescopes; borescope video systems; and westfield, MA 01086 high-intensity light sources.
(413) 562-3606 Learjet/Bombardier Larascope-Optical Prism Inspection PO Box 7707 Wichita, KS 67277-7707 System Attn. Spares Dept.
Lenox Instrument Co., Inc. Remote viewing instruments: industrial 265 Andrews Road borescopes; borescope video systems; and Scottsville Industrial Park high-intensity light sources.
Trevose, PA 19047
(215) 322-9990 Machida Inc. Remote viewing instruments: industrial 40 Ramland Road South borescopes; borescope video systems; and Orangeburg, NY 10962 high-intensity light sources.
(914) 365-0600 (800) 431-5420 McMaster-Carr Supply Co. Industrial luminaires: adjustable arm P.O. Box 4355 lights; portable utility lights;
chicago, IL 60680-4355 incandescent and fluorescent trouble
(708) 833-0300 lights; borescopes; fiber optic illuminators and light guides;
inspection mirrors; and flashlights.
Mitsubishi Cable America, Inc. Remote viewing instruments: industrial 520 Madison Avenue borescopes; borescope video systems; and New York, NY 10022 high-intensity light sources.
Moritex USA, InG' grite p-105 Remote viewing instruments: industrial 6440 Lusk Blvd. borescopes; borescope video systems; and San Diego, CA 92121 high-intensity light sources.
Newco, Inc. Remote viewing instruments: industrial P.O. Box 4013 borescopes; borescope video systems; and Florence, SC 29502 high-intensity light sources.
(803) 669-2988 Olympus Corp. Remote viewing instruments: industrial Industrial Fiberoptics Division borescopes; borescope video systems; and 4 Nevada Drive high-intensity light sources.
Success, NY 11042-1179
(516) 488-3880 Page 2
Appendix G
MANUFACTURER OF SUPPLIER VISUAL INSPECTION EQUIPMENT SUPPLIED Optical Gaging Products Inc. Optical instruments: optical comparators 850 Hudson Ave. and measuring microscopes.
Rochester, NY 14621
(716) 544-0400 Optronics Engineering University Business Center 175B Cremona Drive Goleta, CA 93117 Remote viewing instruments: industrial borescopes; borescope video systems; and high-intensity light sources.
Richard Wolf Medical Remote viewing instruments: industrial Instruments Corp. borescopes; borescope video systems; and Industrial Division high-intensity light sources.
7046 Lyndon Ave.
Rosemont, IL 60018
(708) 298-3150 Schlueter Instruments Corp. Remote viewing instruments: industrial Gunbarrel Square borescopes; borescope video systems; and Suite 320 6525 Gunpark Drive high-intensity light sources.
Boulder. CO 80301
303) 530-2211 Shott Fiber Optics Inc.
122 Charlton Street Southbridge, MA 01550
(508) 765-9744 Remote viewing instruments: industrial borescopes; borescope video systems; and high-intensity light sources.
Titan Tool Supply Co., Inc. Optical instruments: measuring and 68 Comet P.O. Box 182 alignment microscopes; toolmakers Buffalo, NY 14216 microscopes; flexible and rigid borescopes; high-intensity light sources; fiber optic light sources and light guides; etc.
Welch Allyn Inc. Remote viewing instruments: industrial Inspection Systems Division borescopes; borescope video systems; and 4619 Jordan Road P.O. Box 100 high-intensity light sources.
Skaneateles Falls, NY 13153 Page 3 (and 4)
Appendix H APPENDIX H. ENGINE VISUAL INSPECTION GLOSSARY ingine Visual Inspection Glossary. Retyped with Permission of ratt & Whitney.
AC 43 - 204 8/14/97 Appendix H
ENGINE VISUAL INSPECTION GLOSSARY (Courtesy of Pratt & Whitney) GLOSSARY OF TERMS: The following defines terms used in this Master and other VIS's.
Abrasion: A rubbing away of coating material which may or may not expose base metal.
Back-To-Back Imperfections: Imperfections on the opposite faces of a specific wall (or weld) which normally are opposite each other (see Figure H-
1). This condition is considered evidence of a single thru-wall imperfection.
If it is obvious that discontinuities on opposite faces are caused by the same defect. Even though offset, this condition is considered back-to-back (see Figure H-2).
Figure H-1. Single Thru-Wall Figure H-2. Back-To-Back Bellmouth: Taper condition formed on ID of a hole at the opposite end of the hole from which a punch or blanking die enters.
Blending: An operation which removes an irregularity from a surface, resulting in a shallow, smooth depression.
Blister: A localized lifting of coating, plating, fiberglass, or paint, appearing as a bulge that may break when probed.
Bottomed Imperfection: Pit, cavity or hole in which the bottom can be seen.
Braze Crack: Linear fracture of the braze surface.
Braze Fillet: Braze in a joint creating a smooth transition between the details being joined.
Braze Joint: Area between details to be joined by brazing.
Braze Porosity: A group of closely-spaced, small voids (internal pores) in the braze joint or fillet open to the braze surface.
rage 2
8/14/97 A0 43-204 Appendix H Braze Rippling: A condition of the braze surface characterized by unevenness and irregular appearance with peaks and valleys that are gradual in nature, like ripples on a pond.
Braze Void: Unfilled space in braze material in which a bottom is visible.
Broach Mark: A straight depressed imperfection without tears, caused by the broaching operation (See Tool Mark).
Burate; hay chirain seatsuling from pabbin gagainst a hard, smooth Burnishing: Mechanical smoothing of a surface, usually by rubbing.
Burn Marks: Localized indication of excessive heating (e.g., blue to blueblack discoloration) due to excessive dwell time of a tool at that location, or electrical arcing due to improper contact between an electrode and the part.
Burn Out: Electro-chemical machining erosion beyond the desired feature profile.
Burr: A fragment of metal which remains attached to the surface after a machining or riveting operation.
Burst: Cracks caused by rupture extending outward from a central point.
Chain Porosity: Porosity in linear alignment.
Chatter Mark: Recurring undulations or irregularities that result from vibratory interactions of the tool and a typical machined surface.
Chips or Chipping: Discrete particles of a coating which have been removed by mechanical means.
Clearly Separated: Imperfections which are not touching when viewed with the unaided eye.
Cluster: Two or more imperfections, clearly separated, which can be contained within a circle of the maximum diameter allowed by the assigned standard. A cluster, or group of clusters which can be contained within the allowed circle shall be counted as one imperfection.
Cold Shut: Intermittent or continuous lines caused by unused material.
Corrosion: Surface is pitted and discolored, caused by unwanted chemical or electrochemical action.
AC 43-204 8/14/97 Appendix H Crack: Linear imperfection in the form of a narrow break or fissure of the surface.
Crater: A depression at the termination of a weld bead.
Crazing: A network of minute cracks appearing in the coating of coated parts.
Delamination: A separation of the layers in a layered material.
Dent: A surface depression normally having rounded edges, corners, and bottom, caused by the impact of some object.
Depressed Imperfection: Imperfection below the general surface of the part; may have either smooth or irregular (sharp) edges or bottom (See Dent or Pit).
Die Break or Breakway: A rough surface caused by breaking away of metal by a punch or blade during a blanking or shearing operation.
Draw Mark: Linear, trough-like grooves which result from the action of die imperfections or foreign material on the drawn material.
Dross: Linear imperfections or imperfections in the form of branching or irregular patterns, caused by impurities or oxides in a cast material.
Erosion: The carrying away of material by the flow of gases, fluids or solids.
Excess Braze: Braze material beyond the joint fillet; sometimes referred to as a run, streak or flash.
Fissure: Linear imperfection in the form of a narrow separation of surface material.
Flaking: Raised areas of coating or plating on a coated or plated part, indicative of poor bonding.
Foreign Material: Any solid or liquid material not integral to a part.
Such material may or may not be adherent to a surface or passage.
Forging Mark: Ridges or grooves on the external surface of a part caused by foreign material or irregularities on the forming die.
Formed Depression: A change in surface level caused by mismatch of adjoining die segments.
Appendix H Fretting Corrosion: A rapid oxidation of surfaces caused by movement of closely fitted parts. It is characterized by surfaces exhibiting colors ranging from black to brick red, depending upon severity and/or time of exposure to fretting corrosion.
Fusion Line: Interface of the weld bead and parent metal.
Fusion Zone: The weld bead formed by the melting of filler metal and parent metal, or of parent metal only.
Galling: An advanced case of fretting corrosion where there is transfer of material from one to the other of closely fitted surfaces, causing damage to both surfaces.
Gas Path: Engine airstream area.
Gouge: Relatively wide trough-like depression caused by tearing away of the surface by another object.
Grinding: An operation that removes material by the use of an abrasive material to produce a predetermined size.
Groove: A narrow cut in a surface.
Heat Affected Zone: The zone on each side of the weld bead on both the weld deposit and melt thru sides, when applicable. The width of the heataffected zone shall be one half the width of the weld bead. See Figure H-3.
HEAT AFFECTED ZONE 1/2 WELD BEAD WIDTH
WELD BEAD WIDTH Figure H-3. Typical weld deposit and melt thru sides Page 5
AO 43-204 8/14/97 Appendix H Heat Discoloration: Staining, ranging from straw color (low temperature effects) to purple (high temperature effects).
Hot Tear: Linear fractures in the form of ragged wavy lines of variable width resulting from overstress of the material during solidification.
Imperfection: An interruption (non-uniformity) in the normal surface condition of a part configuration which must be evaluated for acceptance to an assigned standard.
Inclusion: A linear or non-linear entrapped foreign material particle retained in the metal during solidification.
Incomplete Fusion: A linear imperfection of varying width caused by failure of the weld material to fuse during a welding operation.
Interface: A common boundary of two pieces; spaces or phases.
Kink: A buckled condition, a short tight twist or curl in tubing caused by a bending or winding of the tubing.
Lap: A linear imperfection caused by folding over of metal edges during rolling or forging operations.
Linear: An imperfection having a length three or more times its width.
Linear Alignment: Three or more aligned imperfections separated from one another by less than three times the maximum imperfection dimension.
Line of Braze: Visible braze material in the joint; includes recessed braze and depressed imperfections in which the bottoms can be seen.
Major Dimension: The longest dimension of an imperfection.
Minor Dimension: The smallest dimension of an imperfection.
Nick: A small surface imperfection having sharp edges, corners, or bottom caused by impact of a sharp object.
Nodule: A small, rounded, raised lump of metal, plating or coating materal.
Non-Bottomed Imperfection: A depressed imperfection in which the bottom cannot be seen.
8/14/97 AU 43-204 Appendix H Non-Linear Imperfection: An imperfection whose length is less than three times its width.
Oil Canning: Localized buckling or distortion of a smooth, thin-wall contour, usually caused by weld mismatch or weld shrinkage.
Orange Peel: A dimpled or grainy surface texture resembling an orange peel.
Peeling: Section of a coating or plating lifting away from the coated or plated surface.
Per Inch of Weld: One inch of weld bead length regardless of weld width.
A shifting of an imaginary scale having one inch increments along the weld is required to contain the maximum number of imperfections in a one inch length.
Pit: Small irregular cavity in a surface, usually dark bottomed.
Plating Pit: A rounded depression in the surface of the plating which does not expose base material.
Polishing: A finishing operation which produces a smooth surface finish.
Porosity: A series of holes or pits caused by air or gas trapped in the metal during solidification.
Raised Edge: A narrow ridge of material along an edge raised above the general contour of the part.
Raised Imperfection: An imperfection which is above the general surface of the part.
Recessed Braze: Braze around the joint which falls below the theoretical full joint surface.
Rollover: A rounded edge formed on the side of a part from which a punch or blanking die enters.
Run: See 'Excess Braze' Scoring: Multiple scratches caused by contact with a mating part, foreign material or tool.
Score Line: A deep scratch caused by an irregular mating surface.
A0 43-204 Appendix H 8/14/97 Scratch: A linear depression with a sharp bottom caused by movement of a sharp object or particle across the surface.
hard surfaces. Scuffs: Small closely spaced scratches caused by the rubbing together of Seam: Linear imperfection attributable to an unused material condition which existed prior to metal working operations; variation of a lap.
Shallow Imperfection: An imperfection which appears to penetrate the surface finish texture, does not have a dark bottom and would not cause a stylus having a nose radius ranging in size from .030" to .0365" (Steel, TAM 167120 or 170194 or equivalent) to hesitate (catch) when passed over it.
Shear Mark (Die Break): A rough surface caused by breaking away of metal during die-forming operations.
contraction during solidification. Shrinkage: Linear or non-linear imperfections of varying forms caused by Smooth: A surface that is continuously even, free of irregularities, presenting no resistance to the sliding of a finger or tool. Can be applicable to a one plane surface or transition surfaces between planes.
Spalling: Breakdown of the suriace (cracking, Haking) due to fatigue, usually in the form of irregular, sharp edged pits with edge conditions indicating progression. May be caused by subsurface inclusions, in which case the bottom of the pit may be dark.
Spatter: Molten material expelled from a weld which adheres to nearby surfaces.
Stain: Surface discoloration due to liquids drying on the part.
Step: An abrupt change in the surface contour which looks like a step in cross section.
Stretch Mark: A condition where material has been elongated during forming to the point of producing a rippled surface.
Stringer: Impurities in a metal which are elongated by rolling or forming inclusions. operations. May appear as a continuous line or a series of elongated pits or Page 8
8/14/97 -: 43-204 Appendix H Superficial Imperfection: An imperfection which disrupts the surface and appears smooth-edged but does not penetrate the surface roughness texture. This condition is so slight, considered less than a shallow imperfection, that a stylus need not be used to evaluate it.
Surface Texture (Finish): The texture of a surface, be it forged, cast or machined. Also, this term applies to the numerical value assigned to the surface roughness of machined surfaces.
Surface Roughness: Marks left on the workpiece by the action of a tool, such as a grinding wheel or a lathe tool.
Tear: Removal of metal by tensile stresses imposed by a dull tool or too heavy a cut.
Through Void: A void which extends completely through a braze or weld.
If it is impossible to see through the void, it is considered through if no bottom can be observed.
Tool Mark: Imperfection, usually depressed, caused by machining tools.
Void: Regular or irregular shape imperfections resulting from lack of braze or weld material.
Warped: Twisted or distorted out of shape because of unequal internal stresses introduced in forming or thermal operations.
Weld Undercut: A groove in the parent metal adjacent to an edge of a weld left unfilled by the weld operation.
Well Dispersed: Imperfections separated from one another by 125 inches or more.
Woodgraining: A general surface condition consisting of smooth-bottomed, elongated pits connected by light surface cracks.
Wrinkle: A rippled surface that occurs in areas of sharp contour changes in sheet metal parts.
Page 9 (and 10)