CHANGE AC NO: 48.18-1A CHG 1 DATE: 5/12/75
NONENT DE TRANSO ADVISORY
TED STATES OF ARE CIRCULAR
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
ACCEPTABLE METHODS, TECHNIQUES, AND SUBJECT: PRACTICES-AIRCRAFT INSPECTION AND RE- PAIR
1. PURPOSE.
This change transmits new and revised material for Advisory Circular 43.13-1A.
2. PRINCIPAL CHANGES.
a. Correotions have been made to paragraph 818 and Figure 10.1.
b. Chapter 2, Section 3, has been revised to add Selective Plating in aircraft maintenance.
Chapter 4, Section 6 has been revised to add handling and care of aircraft recovered from water immersion.
c. A new Section 5, Cabin Interior Materiale Fire Protection Qualities, has been added to Chapter ?.
d. New information on tire slippage and maintenance has been added to Section 1 of Chapter 8.
3. HOW TO GET THIS PUBLICATION.
Copies of this change to AC 13.13-1A may be obtained by ordering from:
Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 For up-to-date information on how to order, and the price of this publication, check with the closest FAA office or obtain the latest copy of Advisory Circular 00-2, Advisory Circular Checklist and Status of the Federal Aviation Regulations. This checklist may be obtained without charge by requesting from:
Department of Transportation Publications Section, TAD 443.1 Washington, D.C. 20590 Initlated by: AFS-B30 PoP Sally R. P. SKULLY, Director Flight Standards Service Initiated by:
PAGE CONTROL CHART Remove Pages Dated Insert Pages Dated i thru iv 1972 1972 ii thru iv 1975 78 and 74 1972 73 thru 73-3 1975 1972 127 and 128 1972 1972 128 thru 128-3 1975 139 and 140 1972 1972 140 thru 140-1 • 1975 149 and 150 1972 1972 1975 165 and 166 1972 1975 166 1972
AC 43.13-1A Page I 1972
TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. AIRCRAFT WOOD STRUCTURES Section 1. MATERIALS AND PRACTICES Paragraph Pape Materials Replacement of Drainholes and Skin Stiffeners
3. Control Surface Flutter Precautions
4. Gluing Precautions Б. Preparation of Wood Surfaces for Gluing ..
6. Glues
7. Mixing of Resin Glues
8. Spreading of Glue
9. Assembly Time in Gluing
10. Gluing Pressure
11. Scarf Joints
12. Splicing of Spars
13. Splicing of Box Spar Webs
14. Replacing Solid-Type Spars with Laminated Type
15. Spar Longitudinal Cracks and Local Damage
16. Elongated Holes in Spars
17. Rib Repairs
18. Plywood Skin Repair
19. Repaira to Single Curvature Plywood Skin 10
20. Repairs to Double Curvature Plywood Skin 10
21. Splayed Patch 10
22. Surface Patch 16
28. Scarf Patch
24. Plug Patches 17
25. Fabric Patch 28
26.-86. Reserved 28 Section 2. FINISHING WOOD STRUCTURES
87. General 24
88. Precautions to be Observed
89. Finiching of Interior Surfaces
40. Finishing of Exterior Surfaces
41. Finishing of End Grain Surfaces
42. Finishing with Fabric or Tape
43.-53. Reserved Chapter 2. AIRCRAFT METAL STRUCTURES Section 1. REFERENCES AND PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES
64. References
55. Flutter and Vibration Precautions
56. Brazing
57.-67. Reserved Section 2. WELDING
68. General
69. Steel Parts Not to be Welded
70. Repair of Tubular Membera
Page I1 AC 43.13-1A CHG 1 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued Paragraph Page
71. Repair by Welded Sleeve 35
72. Repalr by Bolted Sleeve 85
73. Welded-Patch Repair 35
74. Splicing Tubing by Inner Sleeve Method 36
75. Splicing Tubing by Outer Sleeve Method 38
76. Splicing Using Larger Diameter Replacement Tubes 89
77. Repalrs at Built-In Fuselage Fittings .. 40
78. Engine Mount Repairs 40
79. Landing Gear Repairs 40
80. Built-Up Tubular Wing or Tall Surface Spars 47
81. Wing and Tall Brace Struts 47
82. Repairs to Welded Parts 47
83. Stainless Steel Structure 47
84.-04. Reserved 18 Section 3. METAL REPAIR PROCEDURES
95. Riveted or Bolted Steel Truas-Type Structureg 49
96. Aluminum Alloy Structures
97. Selection of Aluminum for Replacement Parts
98. Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Parts
99. Riveting 51
100. Repnir Methods and Precautions for Aluminum Structure 54
101. Repairing Cracked Members 68
102. Steel and Aluminum Fittings 66
103. Castings 79 * 104. Selective Plating In Alrcraft Maintenance 73*
105.-114. Reserved 73-3 Section 4. REPAIR OF LAMINATE STRUCTURES
115. General 74
116.-126, Reserved 79 Chapter 3. FABRIC COVERING Section 1. PRACTICES AND PRECAUTIONS
127. Textile Materlals
128. Covering Practices
129. Preparation of the Structure for Covering
180. Fabric Seams -
131. Covering Methods
182. Reinforcing Tape
133. Lacing
134. Stitch Spneing so bo to
185. Surface Tape (Finishing Tape) -
180. Special Fasteners
137.-147. Reserved 91 Section 2. DOPING
148. Application of Alreraft Dope, Epoxy, and Resina 149, Blushing and Use of Blush-Retarding Thinner
150. Number of Coats
151. Technique --
152. Rejuvenation of Rahrie
158. Common Dope Troubles 151-164. Reserved
AC 43.13-1A CHG 1 Page Ill 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued Paragraph Page Section 3. REPAIRS TO FABRIC COVERING
165. General 95
166. Repair of Tears in Fabric 95
167. Sewed Patch Repalr --
168. Unsewed (Doped-On) Hepairs - 90
169. Repair by a Doped-In Panel 98
170.-180. Reserved 87 Section 4. FABRIC TESTING
181. Testing of Fabric Covering - 98
182.-192. Reserved 08 Chapter 4. CONTROL CABLES AND TERMINALS Section 1. INSPECTION AND REPAIR
193. General
104. Cable Specifcations
195. Replacement of Cables
196. Mechanically Fabricated Cable Assemblies
107. Hand Fabricated Cable Assemblles
108. Cable System Inspection 107
190. Cable Tension Adjustment 110
200. Corrosion and Rust Prevention 110
201.-211. Reserved 111 Sechion 2. SAFETY METHODS FOR TURNBUCKLES
212. General
218. Double Wrap Method
214. Single Wrap Method 114
215. Special Locking Devices 114
216.-220. Reserved 114 Chapter 5. AIRCRAFT HARDWARE Section 1. IDENTIFICATION AND USE OF AIRCRAFT HARDWARE Bolte 115 Screws 117 Taper Ping (AN-385 and AN-880) 118 Nuts 119 Washers - 120
282. Types of Rivets 121
233. Material Applications 121
284. Fasteners (Cowl and Falring) 122
235. Unconventional Attachments 122 Reserved 122 Chapter 6. CORROSION PROTECTION
247. Types of Corrosion -. 123
248. Corrosion Protection Measures for Basic Materials 124
249. Construction of Corrosion Resistant Structure 126
250. Corrosion Removal - 126
251. Corroslon Proofing of Landplanes and Seaplanes 127
252. Corrosion Proofing of Landplanes Converted to Seaplanes 127
258. Cleaners, Polishes, Brighteners 128 *255-284. Regerved 254. Handling and Care of Alrcraft Recovered from Water Immersion 128-3 128*
Page iv AC 43.13-1A CHG 1 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued Chapter 7. IDENTIFICATION, TESTING, AND INSPECTION
OF MATERIALS Paragraph Page Section 1. IDENTIFICATION OF METALS
205. Identificatlon of Steel Stock - 129
266. Interchangeability of Steel Tubing 129
267. Identification of Aluminum --- 129
268.-278. Reserved 181 Section 2. TESTING OF METALS
279. Hardness Testing 182 Brinell Hardness Test 182
281. Rockwell Hardness Test 182 Vickers Hardness Test 182
283. Testing Aluminum 182
284.-294. Reserved 182 Section 3. NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING
205. General 186
298. Inspection by Magnifying Glass After Welding 136
297. Magnetic Particle Inspection 186
298. X-Ray or Radiographic Inspection 187
209. Fluorescent Penetrant 138
300. Dye Penetrants 138
801. Ultrasonic Flaw Detection 139
802.-312. . Reserved 189 Section 4. IDENTIFICATION OF FABRICS AND PLASTICS
318. Identification of Fabric 140 *
314. Identification of Plastics 140
815.-320. Reserved 140 * Section 5. CABIN INTERIOR MATERIALS, FIRE PROTECTION QUALITIES
321. Requirements for Fire Protection 140-1 322,-325. Reserved 140-1* Chapter 8. AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT Section 1. LANDING GEAR EQUIPMENT
826. General 141
827. Inspection 141
328. Clenning and Lubricating 145
329. Emergency Systems 145
830. Speclal Inspections 145
331. Retraction Tests 145
332. Tires 145 * 333. Tire Slippage
334. Tire Maintenance
335.-343. Reserved 150 Section 2. LIFE PRESERVERS AND LIFERAFTS
844. General 151
345. Inspection Procedure for Life Preservers 151
346. Repair of Hife Preservers 151
397. Inspection Procedure for Liferafts. 151
348. Repair of Liferafts - 152
349.-359. Reserved 152
AC 43.13-1A CHG 1 Page iv-I 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued Paragraph Page Section 3. MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT
360. Parachutes 153
881. Safety Belts 158
862. Flares 154
363. Oxygen Systems 154
361.-874. Reserved 158
C 43.13-1A Page v 1972 TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued Chapter 9. WINDSHIELDS, ENCLOSURES, AND EXITS Section 1. PLASTIC WINDSHIELDS AND ENCLOSURES Paragraph Page
975. General 159
376. Replacement Panels 159
877. Installation Procedures 159
378. Repair of Plastics 160
879. Cleaning and Polishing Transparent Plastic 161
980. Emergency Exits 161
881.-891. Reserved 164 Chapter 10. HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS Section 1. HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
392. General 165
394. Hydraulic Components 393. Hydraulic Lines and Fittings 165 172
395.-405. Reserved 172 Chapter 11. ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS Section 1. CARE OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
406. General 178
407. Inspection and Operation Checka . 178
408. Cleaning and Preservation 178
409. Adjustment 174
410. Insulation of Electrical Equipment . 174
411. Bus Bar Maintenance 174
412. Junction Boxes 174
418.-423, Reserved 174 Section 2. EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION
424. Electrical Load Limits 176
425. Generators 175
426. Acceptable Means of Controlling or Monitoring the Electrical Load 175
427. Inverters, Alternators, and Similar Aircraft Electrical Power Sources 176
428. Determination of Electrical Load - 178
429. Circuit Protection Devices 176
430. Switches 176
481.-441. Reserved 178 Section 3. ELECTRIC WIRE
442. General 179
448. Aircraft Electric Wire 180
444. Instructions for Use of Electric Wire Chart 181
445. Splices in Electric Wire 186
446. Open Wiring 186
447. Heat Precautions 187
448. Protection Against Chafing 187
449. Stripping Insulation 187
450. Terminals 188
451. Attachment of Terminals to Studs 188
452. Bonding Jumper Installations 188
458.-463. Reserved 198
Pope vi AC 43.13- TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued Section 4. WIRE MARKING Paragraph Page
464. Wire Identification 194
465. Sleeve Selection for Identification 194
466. Identification of Wire Bundles and Harnesses 194 467-477. Reserved 195 Section 5. CONNECTORS
478. General Purpose Connectors 196
479. Types of Connectors 198
480. AN Connector Identification 196
481. Special Purpose Connector 198
482. Potting Compounds 198
483. Potting Connectors 199
484. Through Bolts 200
485. Terminal Strips 200
486.-496. Reserved 200 Section 6. CONDUITS
497. General 201
498. Size of Conduit 201
499. Conduit Fittings 201
500. Conduit Installation 201
501. Rigid Conduit 201
502. Flexible Conduit 201
508.-518. Reserved 202 Section 7. ROUTING, TYING, LACING, AND CLAMPING
614. General 208
515. Wire Bend Radii 208
516. Slack 208
517. Routing Wires 208
518. Clamping 205
619. Ties and Lacing 205
520.-580. Reserved 205 Section 8. STORAGE BATTERIES
581. General 210
582. Battery Overheat Failure 210
588. Battery Freezing 210
584. Temperature Correction 210
685. Checking Lead-Acid Batteries 210
586. Checking Nickel-Cadmium Batteries 211
587. Electrolyte Corrosion 211
588. Noxious Fumes 211
589. Installation Practices 211
540.-552. Reserved 212 Chapter 12. PROPELLERS, ROTORS, AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT Section 1. INSPECTION OF PROPELLERS
568. Wood or Composition Propellers and Blades 218
554. Metal Propellers and Blades 214
555. Lubrication 214
556.-566. Reserved 214
: 43.13-1A Page vil 72 TABLE OF CONTENTS- Continued Section 2. REPAIR OF WOOD AND COMPOSITION PROPELLERS Paragraph Page
567. General 215
668. Repair of Wood Propellers 215
569. Repair of Composition Blade 220
570. Refinishing 222
571. Propeller Balancing 222
572.-582. Reserved 222 Section 3. REPAIR OF METAL PROPELLERS 228 Steel Blades 228
585. Aluminum Propeller Repaire 228 Repair Tolerances 229 Propeller Balance 228
588. Steel Hubs and Hub Parts 280 Propeller Hub and Flange Repair 280
590. Control Systema 280
591. Deicing Systems 280
592.-602. Reserved 280 Section 4. OVERHAUL OF PROPELLERS
608. Hub and Hub Parts 282
604. Plating for Hubs and Parts 282
605. Inspection of Aluminum Propellers and Blades 282
606. Assembly 288
607.-617. Reserved 288 Section 5. ASSEMBLY OF PROPELLER TO ENGINE
618. Fixed-Pitch Propellers 284
619.-629. Reserved 284 Section 6. PRECAUTIONS
680. Blade-Tip Identification 285
631. Ground-Handling Practices 285
682. Composition Propeller Service Limits 285
688.-648. Reserved 285 Section 7. MAINTENANCE OF ROTOR BLADES
644. General 286
645.-655. Reserved 241 Chapter 13. WEIGHT AND BALANCE
656. General 248
657. Terminology 248
658. Weighing Procedure 250
659. Weight and Balance Computations 258
660. Weight and Balance Extreme Conditions 258
661. Loading Conditions and/or Placards 257
662. Equipment List 257
668. Sample Weight and Balance Report 257
664. Installation of Ballast 258
665. Loading Schedule 265
666.-676. Reserved 265
Page vill AC 43.13- 19 TABLE OF CONTENTS- Continued Chapter 14. ENGINES AND FUEL SYSTEMS Section 1. ENGINES Paragraph Page
677. General 267
678. inspection 267
679. Powerplant Sudden Stoppage - 267
680. Crankshafts - 269
681. Replacement Parts in Certificated Engines 289
682. Cylinder Holddown Nuts and Capscrews 270
688. Reuse of Safetying Devices 270
684. Self-Locking Nuts for Aircraft Engines and Accessories 270
685. Welding of Highly Stressed Engine Parts 271
686. Welding of Minor Engine Parte 271
687. Metallizing 271
688. Plating 271
689. Engine Accessories 272
690. Corrosion 272
691. Engine Run-In 272
692. Compression Testing of Aircraft Engine Cylinders 212
698. Spark Plugs 274
694. Ignition Harnesses 278
695. Magneto Inspection 278
696. Magneto-to-Engine Timing 280 697-707. Reserved 280 Section 2. FUEL SYSTEMS
708. General 281
709. Fuel Lines and Fittings 281
710. Fuel Tanks and Cella 282
711. Fuel Tank Caps, Vents, and Overflow Lines 282
712. Fuel Crossfeed, Firewall Shutoff, and Tank Selector Valves 288
718. Fuel Pumps 288
714. Fuel Filters, Strainers, and Drains 288
716. Indicator Systems 288
716. Turbine Fuel Systems 288
717.-727. Reserved 284 Section 3. EXHAUST SYSTEMS
728. General
729. Muffer/Heat Exchanger Failures
780. Manifold/Stack Failures 285
781. Internal Muffler Failures 285 782- Inspection 288
788. Repairs 288
784. Turbosupercharger 290
785. Augmentor Systems 290
786.-746. Reserved 290 Chapter 15. RADIO AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS Section 1. MAINTENANCE OF RADIO AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
747. General 291
748. Maintenance of Equipment 291
749. Replacement of Components 291
760. Inspection of Installations 291
AC 43,13-14 Page ix 1972 TABLE OF CONTENTS- Continued Paragraph Page
751. Cleaning 291
752. Contact Cleaners 291
758. Operational Checks 292
754.-765. Reserved 292 Section 2. MAINTENANCE OF WIRING AND CABLES
766. Wiring and Cable Integrity 767- Protection from Fluids
768. Wire and Cable Clamps
769. Conduit
770. Plastic Wire Sleeving
771. Electrical Tape
772.-782. Reserved Section 3. JUNCTION BOXES AND TERMINAL STRIPS
788. Junction Boxes
784. Internal Arrangement
785. Terminal Strips
786. Pluge and Receptacles
787.-797. Reserved Section 4. POWER SOURCES AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
798. Battery Electrolyte Corrosion 285
799. Generators and Alternators 295
800. Alternator Diodes 295
801. Diode Protection 295
802. Alternator/Battery Connections 295
808. Static Electrical Power Convertera 295
804. Cleaning and Preservation 295
805. Miscellaneous Check Items 295
806. Adjustment and Repair 296
807. Electrical Switch Inspection 296
808. Radio Equipment Operation 296
809.-819. Reserved 296 Section 5. NOISE SUPPRESSION
820. General 297
821. Bonding 297
822. Shielding 297
828. Spark Plugs 297
824. Filters 297
825. Precipitation Static 297
826. Static Dischargers 297
827. Maintenance of Static Dischargers 297
828.-888. Reserved 298 Section 6. ANTENNAS
889. Fixed and Trailing Wire Antennas 299
840. Whip and Blade Antennas 299
841. Flush Mounted Antennas 299
842. Coaxial Cables and Fittings 299
843. Radomes 299
844. Radome Inspection 299
845. Radome Maintenance and Repair 800
846. Loop Antennas 800
847. Loop Quadrantal Error 800