FAA-S-8081-14 2-24 D. TASK: SPIN AWARENESS REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-67; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to spin awareness by explaining:
1. Flight situations where unintentional spins may occur.
2. The technique used to recognize and recover from unintentional spins.
3. The recommended spin recovery procedure for the airplane used for the practical test.
FAA-S-8081-142-25 IX.AREA OF OPERATION:
BASIC INSTRUMENT MANEUVERS A. TASK: STRAIGHT-AND-LEVEL FLIGHT REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-27.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to attitude instrument flying during straight-and-level flight.
2. Maintains straight-and-level flight solely by reference to instruments using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application.
3. Maintains altitude, ±200 feet (60 meters); heading, ±20°; and airspeed, ±10 knots.
B. TASK: CONSTANT AIRSPEED CLIMBS REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-27.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to attitude instrument flying during straight, constant airspeed climbs.
2. Establishes the climb configuration specified by the examiner.
3. Transitions to the climb pitch attitude and power setting on an assigned heading using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application.
4. Demonstrates climbs solely by reference to instruments at a constant airspeed to specific altitudes in straight flight.
5. Levels off at the assigned altitude and maintains that altitude, ±200 feet (60 meters); maintains heading, ±20°; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots.
FAA-S-8081-14 2-26 C. TASK: CONSTANT AIRSPEED DESCENTS REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-27.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to attitude instrument flying during straight, constant airspeed descents.
2. Establishes the descent configuration specified by the examiner.
3. Transitions to the descent pitch attitude and power setting on an assigned heading using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application.
4. Demonstrates descents solely by reference to instruments at a constant airspeed to specific altitudes in straight flight.
5. Levels off at the assigned altitude and maintains that altitude, ±200 feet (60 meters); maintains heading, ±20°; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots.
D. TASK: TURNS TO HEADINGS REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-27.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to attitude instrument flying during turns to headings.
2. Transitions to the level-turn attitude using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application.
3. Demonstrates turns to headings solely by reference to instruments; maintains altitude, ±200 feet (60 meters);
maintains a standard rate turn and rolls out on the assigned heading, ±20°; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots.
FAA-S-8081-142-27 E. TASK: RECOVERY FROM UNUSUAL FLIGHT ATTITUDES REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-27.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to attitude instrument flying during unusual attitudes.
2. Recognizes unusual flight attitudes solely by reference to instruments; recovers promptly to a stabilized level flight attitude using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation and smooth, coordinated control application in the correct sequence.
F. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, NAVIGATION
SYSTEMS/FACILITIES, AND RADAR SERVICES REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23, AC 61-27.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio communications, navigation systems/facilities, and radar services available for use during flight solely by reference to instruments.
2. Selects the proper frequency and identifies the appropriate facility.
3. Follows verbal instructions and/or navigation system/facilities for guidance.
4. Determines the minimum safe altitude.
5. Maintains altitude, ±200 feet (60 meters); maintains heading, ±20°; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots.
FAA-S-8081-14 2-28 X. AREA OF OPERATION:
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS A. TASK: EMERGENCY DESCENT REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to an emergency descent.
2. Recognizes the urgency of an emergency descent.
3. Establishes the recommended emergency descent configuration and airspeed, and maintains that airspeed, ±5 knots.
4. Demonstrates orientation, division of attention, and proper planning.
5. Follows the appropriate emergency checklist.
B. TASK: MANEUVERING WITH ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
NOTE: The feathering of one propeller shall be demonstrated in multiengine airplanes equipped with propellers which can be safely feathered and unfeathered in flight. An appropriately equipped airplane shall be provided by the applicant. This shall be performed at altitudes, in areas and from positions where safe landings on established airports can be readily accomplished, in the event difficulty is encountered in unfeathering and/or restarting. A propeller that cannot be unfeathered during the practical test shall be treated as an emergency.
At altitudes lower than 3,000 feet (920 meters) above the surface, simulated engine failure shall be performed by throttling the engine back to idle and then establishing zero thrust.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to maneuvering with one engine inoperative.
2. Recognizes engine failure, maintains control, and utilizes the recommended emergency procedure.
3. Sets the engine controls, reduces drag, and identifies and verifies the inoperative engine after simulated engine failure.
FAA-S-8081-142-29
4. Establishes the recommended best engine inoperative airspeed.
5. Banks toward the operating engine as required for best performance, trims the airplane, and maintains control.
6. Attempts to determine the reason for the engine malfunction, if appropriate.
7. Feathers the propeller of the inoperative engine.
8. Monitors the operating engine and makes adjustments as necessary.
9. Follows the appropriate emergency checklist to verify procedures for securing the inoperative engine and turns toward the nearest suitable airport.
10. Demonstrates coordinated flight with one engine inoperative (propeller feathered), including—
a. straight-and-level flight.
b. turns in both directions.
c. descents to assigned altitudes.
d. climbs to assigned altitudes, if the airplane is capable of climbing under the existing conditions.
11. Divides attention between coordinated control, the flightpath, and orientation.
12. Demonstrates engine restart in accordance with recommended procedures.
13. Maintains the specified altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters); the specified heading, ±10°; and the specified airspeed, ±10 knots.
14. Maintains the specified angle of bank, ±10°; rolls out on the specified heading, ±10°; and levels off from climbs and descents within ±100 feet (30 meters).
FAA-S-8081-14 2-30 C. TASK: ENGINE INOPERATIVE-LOSS OF DIRECTIONAL
CONTROL DEMONSTRATION REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
NOTE: Airplanes with normally aspirated engines will lose power as altitude increases because of the reduced density of the air entering the induction system of the engines. This loss of power will result in a V MC lower than the stall speed at higher altitudes. Also, some airplanes have such an effective rudder that even at sea level VMC is lower than stall speed. For these airplanes, a demonstration of loss of directional control may be safely conducted by limiting rudder travel to simulate maximum available rudder. Limiting rudder travel should be accomplished at a speed well above the power-off stall speed (approximately 20 knots). This will avoid the hazards of stalling one wing with maximum allowable power applied to the engine on the other wing. In the event of any indication of stall prior to loss of directional control, recover to the entry airspeed. The demonstration should then be accomplished with the rudder travel limited at a higher airspeed.
Do not perform this maneuver by increasing the pitch attitude to a high angle with both engines operating and then reducing power on the critical engine. This technique is hazardous and may result in loss of airplane control.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge o f the elements related to engine inoperative loss of directional control by explaining the—
a. meaning of the term “critical engine.”
b. effects of density altitude on the VMC demonstration.
c. effects of airplane weight and center of gravity on control.
d. reasons for variations in VMC.
e. relationship of VMC to stall speed.
f. reasons for loss of directional control.
g. indications of loss of directional control.
h. importance of maintaining the proper pitch and bank attitude, and the proper coordination of controls.
i. loss of directional control recovery procedure.
j. engine failure during takeoff including planning, decisions, and single-engine operations.
FAA-S-8081-142-31
2. Exhibits skills in performing an engine inoperative-loss of directional control demonstration—
a. Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet (920 meters) AGL or the manufacturer's recommended altitude, whichever is higher.
b. Configures the airplane at VSSE/VSSE as follows:
(1) Landing gear retracted.
(2) Flaps set for takeoff.
(3) Cowl flaps set for takeoff.
(4) Trim set for takeoff.
(5) Propellers set for high RPM.
(6) Power on the critical engine reduced to idle.
(7) Power on the operating engine set to takeoff or maximum available power.
c. Establishes a single engine climb attitude with the airspeed at approximately 10 knots above VSSE.
d. Establishes a bank toward the operating engine, required for best performance.
e. Increases the pitch attitude slowly to reduce the airspeed, at approximately 1 knot per second, while applying rudder to maintain directional control until full rudder is applied.
f. Recognizes and announces the first indications of loss of directional control, stall warning or buffet.
g. Recovers promptly by simultaneously reducing power sufficiently on the operating engine while decreasing the angle of attack as necessary to regain airspeed and directional control with a minimum loss of altitude.
Recovery SHOULD NOT be attempted by increasing the power on the simulated failed engine.
h. Recovers within 20° of the entry heading.
i. Accelerates to V XSE/VYSE, as appropriate, +10/-5 knots, during the recovery.
FAA-S-8081-14 2-32 D. TASK: ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF BEFORE
VMC (SIMULATED) REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
NOTE: Engine failure shall be accomplished before reaching 50 percent of the calculated VMC.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to engine failure on takeoff before VMC.
2. Closes throttles smoothly and promptly after simulated engine failure.
3. Maintains directional control and applies braking as necessary.
E. TASK: ENGINE FAILURE AFTER LIFT-OFF (SIMULATED) REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to engine failure after lift-off.
2. Recognizes engine failure promptly, maintains control, and utilizes the recommended emergency procedure.
3. Reduces drag, identifies and verifies the inoperative engine after simulated engine failure.
4. Simulates feathering the propeller of the inoperative engine.
5. Establishes VYSE; if obstructions are present, establishes VXSE or V MC, +10, whichever is greater, until obstructions are cleared, then transitions to VYSE.
6. Banks toward the operating engine as required for best performance, trims the airplane and maintains control.
7. Monitors the operating engine and makes adjustments a s necessary.
8. Recognizes the airplane's performance capabilities. If a climb is not possible at V YSE, maintains V YSE and returns to the departure airport for a landing or initiates an approach to the most suitable landing area available.
9. Secures the inoperative engine, if appropriate.
10. Maintains heading, ±10°, and airspeed, +10/-5 knots.
11. Completes the appropriate emergency checklist.
FAA-S-8081-142-33 F. TASK: APPROACH AND LANDING WITH AN
INOPERATIVE ENGINE (SIMULATED) REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to an approach and landing with an inoperative engine.
2. Recognizes engine failure, maintains control, and utilizes the recommended emergency procedure.
3. Sets the engine controls, reduces drag, and identifies and verifies the inoperative engine after simulated engine failure.
4. Simulates feathering the propeller of the inoperative engine.
5. Establishes th e recommended best engine inoperative airspeed, +10/-5 knots.
6. Banks toward the operating engine as required for best performance, trims the airplane, and maintains control.
7. Monitors the operating engine and makes adjustments as necessary.
8. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions, and selects the most suitable touchdown point.
9. Establishes the recommended best engine inoperative approach landing configuration, and airspeed.
10. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recomm ended approach airspeed, +10/-5 knots of V YSE until landing is assured.
11. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the roundout and touchdown.
12. Touches down smoothly at or within 500 feet beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway centerline.
13. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing.
14. Completes the appropriate emergency checklist.
FAA-S-8081-14 2-34 G. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to system and equipment malfunctions appropriate to the airplane provided for the flight test.
2. Analyzes the situation and takes appropriate action for simulated emergencies, such as—
a. partial or complete power loss.
b. engine roughness or overheat.
c. carburetor or induction icing.
d. loss of oil pressure.
e. fuel starvation.
f. electrical system malfunction.
g. flight instruments malfunction.
h. landing gear or flap malfunction.
i. inoperative trim.
j. inadvertent door or window opening.
k. structural icing.
l. smoke/fire/engine compartment fire.
m. any other emergency appropriate to the airplane provided for the flight test.
3. Follows the appropriate emergency checklist.
FAA-S-8081-142-35 H. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment and survival gear appropriate to the airplane provided for the flight test, by explaining—
a. location in the airplane.
b. method of operation or use.
c. servicing requirements.
d. method of safe storage.
e. equipment and survival gear appropriate for operation in various climates and topographical environments.
2. Follows the appropriate emergency checklist.