FAA-S-8081-7A85 I. AREA OF OPERATION:
FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING NOTE: The examiner shall select at least TASKS E and F.
A. TASK: THE LEARNING PROCESS REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the learning process by describing:
1. The definition and characteristics of learning.
2. Practical application of the laws of learning.
3. Factors involved in how people learn.
4. Recognition and proper use of the various levels of learning.
5. Principles that are applied in learning a skill.
6. Factors related to forgetting and retention.
7. How the transfer of learning affects the learning process.
8. How the formation of habit patterns affects the learning process.
B. TASK: HUMAN BEHAVIOR REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to human behavior by describing:
1. Control of human behavior.
2. Development of student potential.
3. Relationship of human needs to behavior and learning.
4. Relationship of defense mechanisms to student learning and pilot decision making.
5. General rules which a flight instructor should follow during student training to ensure good human relations.
FAA-S-8081-7A 86 C. TASK: THE TEACHING PROCESS REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the teaching process by describing:
1. Preparation of a lesson for a ground or flight instructional period.
2. Presentation of knowledge and skills, including the methods which are suitable in particular situations.
3. Application, by the student, of the knowledge and skills presented by the instructor.
4. Review of the material presented and the evaluation of student performance and accomplishment.
D. TASK: TEACHING METHODS REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of teaching methods by describing:
1. The organization of a lesson, i.e., introduction, development, and conclusion.
2. The lecture method.
3. The guided discussion method.
4. The demonstration-performance method.
5. Computer/video assisted instruction.
E. TASK: CRITIQUE AND EVALUATION REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of critique and evaluation by describing:
1. Purpose and characteristics of an effective critique.
2. Difference between critique and evaluation.
3. Characteristics of effective oral questions and what type to avoid.
4. Responses to student questions.
5. Characteristics and development of effective written tests.
6. Characteristics and uses of performance tests, specifically, the FAA practical test standards.
FAA-S-8081-7A87 F. TASK: FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CHARACTERISTICS AND
RESPONSIBILITIES REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of flight instructor characteristics and responsibilities by describing:
1. Major characteristics and qualifications of a professional flight instructor.
2. Role of the flight instructor in dealing with student stress, anxiety, and psychological abnormalities.
3. Flight instructor's responsibility with regard to student pilot supervision and surveillance.
4. Flight instructor's authority and responsibility for endorsements and recommendations.
5. Flight instructor's responsibility in the conduct of the required FAA flight review.
G. TASK: PLANNING INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to the planning of instructional activity by describing:
1. Development of a course of training.
2. Content and use of a training syllabus.
3. Purpose, characteristics, proper use, and items of a lesson plan.
4. Flexibility features of a course of training, syllabus, and lesson plan required to accommodate students with varying backgrounds, levels of experience, and ability.
FAA-S-8081-7A 88 II. AREA OF OPERATION:
TECHNICAL SUBJECTS NOTE: The examiner shall select TASK L and at least one other TASK.
A. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS REFERENCES: AC 61-21; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to aeromedical factors by describing:
1. Hypoxia, its symptoms, effects, and corrective action.
2. Hyperventilation, its symptoms, effects, and corrective action.
3. Middle ear and sinus problems, their causes, effects, and corrective action.
4. Spatial disorientation, its causes, effects, and corrective action.
5. Motion sickness, its causes, effects, and corrective action.
6. Effects of alcohol and drugs, and their relationship to safety.
7. Carbon monoxide poisoning, its symptoms, effects, and corrective action.
8. How evolved gas from scuba diving can affect a pilot during flight.
9. Fatigue, its effects and corrective action.
B. TASK: VISUAL SCANNING AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23, AC 90-48; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of visual scanning and collision avoidance by describing:
1. Relationship between a pilot's physical or mental condition and vision.
2. Environmental conditions and optical illusions that affect vision.
3. “See and avoid” concept.
4. Practice of “time sharing” of attention inside and outside the cockpit.
5. Proper visual scanning technique.
6. Relationship between poor visual scanning habits, aircraft speed differential, and increased collision risk.
7. Appropriate clearing procedures.
8. Situations which involve the greatest collision risk.
FAA-S-8081-7A89 C. TASK: USE OF DISTRACTIONS DURING FLIGHT TRAINING REFERENCE: AC 61-67.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the use of distractions during flight training by describing:
1. Flight situations where pilot distraction can be a causal factor related to aircraft accidents.
2. Selection of realistic distractions for specific flight situations.
3. Relationship between division of attention and flight instructor use of distractions.
4. Difference between proper use of distractions and harassment.
D. TASK: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT REFERENCES: AC 61-13, AC 61-23; Gyro Training Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of principles of flight by describing:
1. Rotor system characteristics.
2. Effect of lift, weight, thrust, and drag during various flight maneuvers.
3. Stability and controllability, to include pilot induced oscillation and power pushover.
4. Autorotation and inverted airflow.
5. Dissymmetry of lift.
6. Retreating blade stall.
7. Blade flapping and coning.
8. Coriolis effect.
9. Negative roll with yaw.
10. Lateral stick force/position change with airspeed.
E. TASK: GYROPLANE FLIGHT CONTROLS REFERENCES: AC 61-13; Gyro Training Manual, Gyroplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the flight controls of the gyroplane used for the practical test by describing:
1. Cyclic control.
2. Rudder control.
3. Prerotator/rotor spin-up control.
4. Collective pitch control (if applicable).
5. Throttle control.
FAA-S-8081-7A 90 F. TASK: GYROPLANE WEIGHT AND BALANCE REFERENCES: AC 61-13; Gyroplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of gyroplane weight and balance by describing:
1. Weight and balance terms.
2. Effect of weight and balance on performance.
3. Determination of total weight, center of gravity, and the changes that occur when adding, removing, or shifting weight.
G. TASK: NAVIGATION AND FLIGHT PLANNING REFERENCES: AC 61-13, AC 61-23.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of navigation and flight planning by describing:
1. Terms used in navigation.
2. Features of aeronautical charts.
3. Importance of us ing the proper and current aeronautical charts.
4. Identification of various types of airspace.
5. Method of plotting a course, selection of fuel stops and alternates, and appropriate actions in the event of unforeseen situations.
6. Fundamentals of pilotage and dead reckoning.
7. Fundamentals of radio navigation.
8. Diversion to an alternate.
9. Lost procedures.
10. Computation of fuel requirement.
11. Importance of preparing and properly using a flight log.
12. Importance of a weather check and the use of good judgment in making a “go/no-go” decision.
13. Purpose of, and procedure used in, filing a flight plan.
FAA-S-8081-7A91 H. TASK: NIGHT OPERATIONS REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23; AIM; FAA-S-8081-15.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to night operations by describing:
1. Factors related to night vision, disorientation, and optical illusions.
2. Weather considerations specific to night operations.
3. Preflight inspection, including windshield and window cleanliness.
4. Proper adjustment of interior lights, including availability of flashlight.
5. Engine starting procedures, including proper use of exterior lighting prior to start.
6. Taxiing and orientation on an airport.
7. Takeoff and climb-out.
8. Inflight orientation.
9. Importance of verifying the gyroplane's attitude by visual references and flight instruments.
10. Recovery from critical flight attitudes by visual references and flight instruments.
11. Emergencies such as electrical failure, engine malfunction, and emergency landings.
12. Traffic patterns.
13. Approaches and landings with and without landing lights.
I. TASK: REGULATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS REFERENCES: FAR Parts 1, 61, and 91; NTSB Part 830;
AC 00-2; AIM, Gyroplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to regulations and publications, their purpose, general content, availability, and method of revision, by describing:
1. FAR Parts 1, 61, and 91.
2. NTSB Part 830.
3. Flight information publications.
4. Practical Test Standards.
5. FAA-Approved Flight Manual.
FAA-S-8081-7A 92 J. TASK: USE OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST REFERENCE: FAR Part 91.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to the use of an approved minimum equipment list by describing:
1. Difference between a master minimum equipment list (MMEL) and a minimum equipment list (MEL).
2. Operations that require use of an MEL.
3. Limitations and exceptions imposed on aircraft operations with inoperative instruments or equipment.
4. Requirements for letter of authorization from FAA Flight Standards District Office.
5. Supplemental type certificate.
6. Situations requiring a special flight permit.
7. Procedures for deferring maintenance on aircraft without an approved MEL.
K. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM REFERENCES: FAR Part 91; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the national airspace system by describing:
1. General dimensions and operating requirements of airspace classes.
2. Operating limitations associated with controlled, uncontrolled, special use, and other airspace.
FAA-S-8081-7A93 L. TASK: LOGBOOK ENTRIES AND CERTIFICATE
ENDORSEMENTS REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; AC 61-65, AC 61-98.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to logbook entries and certificate endorsements by describing:
1. Required logbook entries for instruction given.
2. Required student pilot certificate endorsements, including appropriate logbook entries.
3. Preparation of a recommendation for a pilot practical test, including appropriate logbook entry.
4. Required endorsement of a pilot logbook for satisfactory completion of an FAA flight review.
5. Required flight instructor records.
FAA-S-8081-7A 94 III. AREA OF OPERATION:
PREFLIGHT PREPARATION NOTE: The examiner shall select at least one TASK.
A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS REFERENCES: FAR Parts 43, 61, 67, and 91; AC 61 -13, AC 61-23; Gyroplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to certificates and documents by describing:
1. Requirements for the issuance of pilot and flight instructor certificates and ratings, and the privileges and limitations of those certificates and ratings.
2. Medical certificates, class, duration, and how to obtain them.1
3. Airworthiness and registration certificates.
4. Gyroplane flight manuals.
5. Gyroplane maintenance requirements and records.
B. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION REFERENCES: AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-23, AC 61-84; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to weather information by describing:
1. Importance of a thorough weather check.
2. Various means of obtaining weather information.
3. Use of weather reports, forecasts, and charts.
4. Use of PIREP's, SIGMET's, and AIRMET's.
5. Recognition of aviation weather hazard s to include wind shear.
6. Factors to be considered in making a “go/no-go” decision.
1 The flight instructor should encourage a person considering flight training to obtain an appropriate medical certificate from an Aviation Medical Examiner before training is started. In the event a person's eligibility to hold a medical certificate is questionable, the flight instructor should be aware that some physical handicaps do not always prohibit activity as pilot of an aircraft. The flight instructor should advise such a person that assistance in obtaining a medical certificate is available through the cooperation of the medical examiner and the local FAA Flight Standards District Office. However, this assistance is available only when requested specifically by the person seeking the medical certificate.
FAA-S-8081-7A95 C. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS REFERENCES: AC 61-13; Gyroplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to the operation of systems, as applicable to the gyroplane used for the practical test, by describing:
1. Powerplant, including controls, indicators, and cooling.
2. Rotor and pre-rotator/rotor spin-up.
3. Landing gear, brakes, and steering.
4. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic.
5. Electrical.
6. Pitot static/vacuum and associated instruments.
7. Environmental.
8. Anti-icing.
9. Avionics.
D. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS REFERENCES: AC 61 -13, AC 61 -21, AC 61 -23, AC 61 -84, AC 91-23; Gyroplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to performance and limitations by describing:
1. Determination of weight and balance condition.
2. Use of performance charts, including height/velocity diagram, and other data for determining performance in various phases of flight.
3. Engine thrust vs. center of gravity.
4. Effects of density altitude, wind shear, and other atmospheric conditions on performance.
5. Other factors to be considered in determining that required performance is within the gyroplane's capabilities.
FAA-S-8081-7A 96 IV. AREA OF OPERATION:
PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE
PERFORMED IN FLIGHT NOTE: The examiner shall select at least one maneuver from AREAS OF OPERATION VI through XII and will ask the applicant to present a preflight lesson on the selected maneuver as the lesson would be taught to a student. Previously developed lesson plans from the applicant’s library may be used.
TASK: MANEUVER LESSON REFERENCES: AC 60 -14, AC 61 -13, AC 61 -21, AC 61 -23;
FAA-S-8081-15, FAA-S-8081-16; Gyroplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the selected maneuver by:
1. Using a lesson plan that includes all essential items to make an effective and organized presentation.
2. Stating the objective.
3. Giving an accurate, comprehensive oral description of the maneuver, including the elements and associated common errors.
4. Using instructional aids, as appropriate.
5. Describing the recognition, analysis, and correc tion of common errors.