FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A Each TASK has an Objective. The examiner determines that the applicant meets the TASK Objective through the demonstration of competency in various elements of knowledge and/or skill. The Objectives of TASKS in certain AREAS OF OPERATION, such as Fundamentals of Instructing and Technical Subject Areas, include only only knowledge elements. The Objectives of TASKS in the AREAS OF OPERATION that include elements of skill as well as knowledge also include common errors which the applicant must be able to describe, recognize, analyze, and correct.
The Objective of a TASK that involves pilot skill consists of four parts.
Those four parts include determination that the applicant exhibits:
1. instructional knowledge o f the elements of a TASK. This is accomplished through descriptions, explanations, and simulated instruction;
2. instructional knowledge of common errors related to a TASK, including their recognition, analysis, and correction;
3. the ability to demonstrate and simultaneously explain the key elements of a TASK. The TASK demonstration must be to the COMMERCIAL PILOT skill level (or, in the case of the Flight Instructor - Instrument applicant, to the INSTRUMENT PILOT skill level); the teaching techniques and procedures should conform to those set forth in AC 60-14, Aviation Instructor's Handbook; AC 61-21, Flight Training Handbook, and AC 61-27, Instrument Flying Handbook; and
4. the ability to analyze and correct common errors related to a TASK.
Use Of The Practical Test Standards Book All of the procedures and maneuvers in the Private Pilot, Commercial Pilot, and Instrument Rating Practical Test Standards have been included in the Flight Instructor Practical Test Standards. However, to permit the completion of the practical test for initial certification within a reasonable timeframe, the examiner will select one or more TASKS in each AREA OF OPERATION. In certain AREAS OF OPERATION, there are required required TASKS which the examiner must select. These requiredrequired TASKS are identified by NOTES immediately following the AREA OF OPERATION titles.
The term "instructional knowledge" means the "what," "why," and "how" of a subject matter topic, procedure, or maneuver. It also means that the flight instructor applicant's discussions, explanations, and descriptions should follow the recommended teaching procedures and techniques explained in AC 60-14, Aviation Instructor's Handbook.
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A The FAA requires that all practical tests be conducted in accordance with the appropriate Flight Instructor Practical Test Standards and the policies set forth in the INTRODUCTION. The flight instructor applicant must be prepared to demonstrate the ability to instruct effectively in all all TASKS included in the AREAS OF OPERATION of the appropriate practical test standards.
In preparation for the practical test, the examiner will develop a "plan of action." The "plan of action" for an initial certification test will include one or more TASKS in each AREA OF OPERATION and will always always include the required TASKS. If the applicant is unable to perform a TASK listed in the "plan of action" due to circumstances beyond his/her control, the examiner may substitute another TASK from the applicable AREA OF OPERATION.
The "plan of action" for a test administered for the addition of an aircraft category and/or class rating to a flight instructor certificate will include the required AREAS OF OPERATION as indicated in the table at the beginning of each standard. The required TASKS appropriate to the rating(s) sought must also be included. The examiner will select at least one TASK in each AREA OF OPERATION. In some instances, notes identify additional required required TASKS. Any TASK selected will be Any TASK selected will be evaluated in its entirety.evaluated in its entirety.
NOTE: AREA OF OPERATION IX, Stalls, Spins, and Maneuvering During Slow Flight, contains TASKS referred to as "proficiency" and "demonstration." The intent of TASKS A and B (proficiency) is to ensure that the flight instructor applicant is tested on proficiency for the purpose of teaching these TASKS to students. The intent of TASKS C, D, and E (demonstration) is to ensure that the flight instructor applicant is knowledgeable of the maneuvers and can demonstrate them to students for both familiarization and stall/spin awareness purposes.
With the exception of the required required TASKS, the examiner will not tell the applicant in advance which TASKS will be included in the "plan of action." The applicant should be well prepared in all all knowledge and skill areas included in the standards. Throughout the flight portion of the practical test, the examiner will evaluate the applicant's ability to simultaneously demonstrate and explain procedures and maneuvers, and to give flight instruction to students at various stages of flight training and levels of experience.
The purpose for including common errors in certain TASKS is to assist the examiner in determining that the flight instructor applicant has the ability to recognize, analyze, and correct such errors. The examiner The examiner will not simulate any condition that may jeopardize safe flight or resultwill not simulate any condition that may jeopardize safe flight or result in possible damage to the aircraft.in possible damage to the aircraft. The common errors listed in the TASK Objectives may or may not be found in the TASK References.
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A However, the FAA considers their frequency of occurrence justification for their inclusion in the TASK Objectives.
The examiner will place special emphasis on the applicant's demonstrated ability to teach precise aircraft control and sound judgment in decision making. The evaluation of the applicant's ability to teach judgment will be accomplished by asking the applicant to describe the oral discussions and the presentation of practical problems that would be used in instructing students in the exercise of sound judgment. The examiner will also emphasize the evaluation of the applicant's demonstrated ability to teach stall/spin awareness, spatial disorientation, collision avoidance, checklist usage, use of distractions, and any other areas directed by future revisions of the standards.
Flight Instructor Practical Test Prerequisites An applicant for a flight instructor initial certification practical test is required by regulation to:
1. have passed the appropriate flight instructor written test(s) since the beginning of the 24th month before the month in which he or she takes the practical test;
2. hold a commercial pilot or airline transport pilot certificate with an aircraft rating appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought;
3. hold an instrument rating if applying for an airplane or an instrument instructor rating;
4. have the prescribed aeronautical experience and instruction for a flight instructor certificate with the rating sought;
5. have reached the age of 18 years; and
6. obtain a written statement from an appropriately certificated and qualified flight instructor certifying that the applicant has been given flight instruction in the items required by FAR Section 61.187(a) in preparation for the practical test within 60 days preceding the date of application. The statement shall also state that the instructor finds the applicant competent to pass the practical test, and that the applicant has satisfactory knowledge of the subject area(s) in which a deficiency was indicated on the airman written test report.1 An applicant holding a flight instructor certificate who applies for an additional rating on that certificate must:
1. hold an effective pilot certificate with ratings appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought;
2. have at least 15 hours as pilot in command in the category and class aircraft appropriate to the rating sought;
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A
3. have passed the written test prescribed for the issuance of a flight instructor certificate with the rating sought since the beginning of the 24th month before the month in which he or she takes the practical test; and
4. obtain a written statement from an appropriately certificated and qualified flight instructor certifying that the applicant has been given flight instruction in the items required by FAR Section
61.187(a) in preparation for the practical test within 60 days preceding the date of application. The statement shall also state that the instructor finds the applicant competent to pass the practical test, and that the applicant has satisfactory knowledge of the subject area(s) in which a deficiency was indicated on the airman written test report.1 Aircraft and Equipment Required For The Practical Test The flight instructor applicant is required by FAR Section 61.45 to provide an airworthy, certificated aircraft for use during the practical test. This section further requires that the aircraft:
1. have fully functioning dual controls except as provided in FAR Section 61.45; and
2. be capable of performing all appropriate TASKS for the flight instructor rating sought and have no operating limitations which prohibit the performance of those TASKS. A complex airplane must be furnished for the performance of takeoff and landing maneuvers, and appropriate emergency procedures. A complex landplane is one having retractable gear, flaps, and controllable propeller. A complex seaplane is one having flaps and controllable propeller.
Satisfactory Performance The practical test is passed if, in the judgment of the examiner, the applicant demonstrates satisfactory performance with regard to:
1. knowledge of the fundamentals of instructing;
2. knowledge of the technical subject areas;
3. knowledge of the flight instructor's responsibilities concerning the pilot certification process;
4. knowledge of the flight instructor's responsibilities concerning logbook entries and pilot certificate endorsements;
1 AC 61-65, Certification: Pilots and Flight Instructors, states that the instructor may sign the recommendation on the reverse side of FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, in lieu of the previous statement, provided all appropriate FAR Part 61 requirements are substantiated by reliable records.
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A
5. ability to demonstrate the procedures and maneuvers selected by the examiner to at least the COMMERCIAL PILOT skill level (or in the case of the Flight Instructor - Instrument applicant, to the INSTRUMENT PILOT skill level) while giving effective instruction;
6. competence in teaching the procedures and maneuvers selected by the examiner;
7. competence in describing, recognizing, ana lyzing, and correcting common errors simulated by the examiner; and
8. knowledge of the development and effective use of a course of training, a syllabus, and a lesson plan.
Unsatisfactory Performance If, in the judgment of the examiner, the applicant does not meet the standards of performance of any TASK performed, the applicable AREA OF OPERATION is considered unsatisfactory and; therefore, the practical test is failed. The examiner or applicant may discontinue the test at any time when the failure of an AREA OF OPERATION makes the applicant ineligible for the certificate or rating sought. The test will be continued only with the consent of the applicant. If the test is discontinued, the applicant is entitled credit for only those AREAS OF OPERATION satisfactorily performed. However, during the retest and at the discretion of the examiner, any TASK may be re-evaluated, including those previously considered satisfactory. Specific reasons for disqualification are:
1. failure to perform a procedure or maneuver to the COMMERCIAL PILOT skill level (or in the case of the Flight Instructor - Instrument applicant, to the INSTRUMENT PILOT skill level) while giving effective flight instruction;
2. failure to provide an effective instructional explanation while demonstrating a procedure or maneuver (explanation during the demonstration must be clear, concise, technically accurate, and complete with no prompting from the examiner);
3. any action or lack of action by the applicant which requires corrective intervention by the examiner to maintain safe flight;
4. failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to clear the area before and while performing maneuvers.
FAA-S-8081-6A
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A SECTION 1
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR
AIRPLANE - SINGLE-ENGINE Practical Test Standards
EA1 C 0001 61
1-i FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A
ADDITION OF A SINGLE-ENGINE CLASS RATING (AND AN
AIRPLANE CATEGORY RATING, IF APPROPRIATE) TO A FLIGHT
INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE
REQUIRED
AREAS OF
OPERATION
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE AND RATING HELD
AME RH RG G IA IH
I NO NO NO NO NO NO
II NO YES YES YES YES YES
III NO YES YES YES YES YES
IV NO NO NO NO NO NO
V NO YES YES YES YES YES
VI NO NO NO NO YES YES
VII YES YES YES YES YES YES
VIII NO YES YES YES YES YES
IX YES YES YES YES YES YES
X NO YES YES YES NO YES
XI YES YES YES YES YES YES
XII YES YES YES YES YES YES
XIII YES YES YES YES YES YES
XIV YES YES YES YES YES YES
XV NO YES YES YES YES YES NOTE: If an applicant holds more than one rating on a flight instructor certificate and the table indicates both a "yes" and a "no" for a particular AREA OF OPERATION, the "no" entry applies. This is logical since the applicant has satisfactorily accomplished the AREA OF OPERATION on a previous flight instructor practical test. At the discretion of the examiner, the applicant's competence in all AREAS OF OPERATION may be evaluated.
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A 1-ii
CONTENTS A. CHECKLISTS:
1. Applicant's Practical Test Checklist1-vii
2. Examiner's Checklist1-ix
B. AREAS OF OPERATION I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING
A. The Learning Process1-1
B. The Teaching Process1-1
C. Teaching Methods1-2
D. Evaluation1-2
E. Flight Instructor Characteristics
and Responsibilities1-3
F. Human Factors1-3
G. Planning Instructional Activity1-4
II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS
A. Aeromedical Factors1-5
B. Visual Scanning and Collision
Avoidance1-6
C. Use of Distractions During Flight
Training1-6
D. Principles of Flight1-7
E. Elevators, Ailerons, and Rudder1-7
F. Trim Devices1-7
G. Wing Flaps1-8
H. Airplane Weight and Balance1-8
I. Navigation and Flight Planning1-8
J. Night Operations1-9
K. High Altitude Operations1-9
L. Federal Aviation Regulations1-10
M. Use of Minimum Equipment List1-10
N. Publications1-11
O. National Airspace System1-11
P. Logbook Entries and Certificate
Endorsements1-11
1-iii FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A CONTENTS (continued) III. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION
A. Certificates and Documents1-12
B. Weather Information1-12
C. Operation of Systems1-13
D. Performance and Limitations1-13
E. Water and Seaplane Characteristics..1-14 F. Seaplane Bases, Rules, and Aids to
Marine Navigation1-14
IV. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE
PERFORMED IN FLIGHT
Maneuver Lesson1-15
V. GROUND AND WATER OPERATIONS
A. Visual Inspection1-16
B. Cockpit Management1-17
C. Engine Starting1-18
D. Taxiing - Landplane1-19
E. Taxiing - Seaplane1-19
F. Sailing1-20
G. Pretakeoff Check1-21
VI. AIRPORT OPERATIONS A. Radio Communications and ATC
Light Signals1-23
B. Traffic Patterns1-24
C. Airport and Runway Markings and
Lighting1-25
VII. TAKEOFFS AND CLIMBS A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb1-26
B. Short-Field Takeoff and Climb1-27
C. Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb1-28
D. Rough-Water Takeoff and Climb1-29
E. Confined-Area Takeoff and Climb1-30
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A 1-iv CONTENTS (continued) VIII. FUNDAMENTALS OF FLIGHT
A. Straight-and-Level Flight1-32
B. Level Turns1-32
C. Straight Climbs and Climbing Turns...1-34 D. Straight Descents and Descending
Turns1-35
IX. STALLS, SPINS, AND MANEUVERING DURING SLOW FLIGHT
A. Power-On Stalls (Proficiency)1-36
B. Power-Off Stalls (Proficiency)1-37
C. Crossed-Control Stalls
(Demonstration)1-38
D. Elevator Trim Stalls (Demonstration)..1-39
E. Secondary Stalls (Demonstration)1-40
F. Spins1-41
G. Maneuvering During Slow Flight1-43
X. BASIC INSTRUMENT MANEUVERS
A. Straight-and-Level Flight1-44
B. Straight, Constant Airspeed Climbs1-45
C. Straight, Constant Airspeed
Descents1-46
D. Turns to Headings1-47
E. Recovery from Unusual Flight
Attitudes1-48
F. Radio Aids and Radar Services1-49
XI. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS
A. Steep Turns1-50
B. Chandelles1-51
C. Lazy Eights1-52
XII. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS
A. Rectangular Course1-53
B. S-Turns Across a Road1-54
C. Turns Around a Point1-55
D. Eights on Pylons1-56