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(b) establishment of airplane configuration, adjustment of power controls, and trim prior to the demonstration.
(c) establishment of engine inoperative pitch attitude and airspeed.
(d) establishment of a bank attitude as required for best performance.
(e) entry technique to demonstrate loss of directional control.
(f) indications that enable a pilot to recognize loss of directional control.
(g) proper recovery technique.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to engine inoperative loss of directional control by describing -
(a) inadequate knowledge of the causes of loss of directional control at airspeeds less than V MC, factors affecting V MC, and safe recovery procedures.
(b) improper entry procedures, including pitch attitude, bank attitude, and airspeed.
(c) failure to recognize imminent loss of directional control.
(d) failure to use proper recovery technique.
(e) rough and/or uncoordinated control technique.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains engine inoperative loss of directional control from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to engine inoperative loss of directional control.
1-61 FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A D. TASK: DEMONSTRATING THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS
AIRSPEEDS AND CONFIGURATIONS DURING
ENGINE INOPERATIVE PERFORMANCE (AMEL and AMES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to the effects of various airspeeds and configurations during engine inoperative performance by describing -
(a) selection of proper altitude for the demonstration.
(b) proper entry procedure to include pitch attitude, bank attitude, and airspeed.
(c) effects on performance of airspeed changes at, above, and below VYSE.
(d) effects on performance of various configurations -
(1) extension of landing gear.
(2) extension of wing flaps.
(3) extension of both landing gear and wing flaps.
(4) windmilling of propeller on inoperative engine.
(e) airspeed control throughout the demonstration.
(f) proper control technique and procedures throughout the demonstration.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to the effects of various airspeeds and configurations during engine inoperative performance by describing -
(a) inadequate knowledge of the effects of airspeeds above or below V YSE and of various configurations on performance.
(b) improper entry procedures, including pitch attitude, bank attitude, and airspeed.
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(c) improper airspeed control throughout the demonstration.
(d) rough and/or uncoordinated control technique.
(e) improper procedures during resumption of cruise flight.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains the effects of various airspeeds and configurations during engine inoperative performance from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to the effects of various airspeeds and configurations during engine inoperative performance.
E. TASK: ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF BEFORE VMC (AMEL and AMES) NOTE: Engine failure will not be simulated at a speed greater than 50 percent VMC.
REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to engine failure during takeoff before V MC by describing -
(a) use of prescribed emergency procedure.
(b) prompt closing of throttles.
(c) how to maintain directional control.
(d) proper use of brakes (landplane).
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to engine failure during takeoff before V MC by describing -
(a) failure to follow prescribed emergency procedure.
(b) failure to promptly recognize engine failure.
(c) failure to promptly close throttles following engine failure.
(d) faulty directional control and use of brakes.
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3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a simulated engine failure during takeoff before V MC from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to engine failure during takeoff before VMC.
F. TASK: ENGINE FAILURE AFTER LIFT-OFF (AMEL and AMES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowled ge of the elements related to engine failure after lift-off by describing -
(a) use of prescribed emergency checklist to verify accomplishment of procedures for securing the inoperative engine.
(b) proper adjustment of engine controls, reduction of drag, and identification and verification of the inoperative engine.
(c) how to establish and maintain a pitch attitude that will result in the best engine inoperative airspeed, considering the height of obstructions.
(d) how to establish and mai ntain a bank as required for best performance.
(e) how to maintain directional control.
(f) methods to be used for determining reason for malfunction.
(g) monitoring and proper use of the operating engine.
(h) an emergency approach and landing, if a climb or level flight is not within the airplane's performance capability.
(i) positive airplane control.
(j) how to obtain assistance from the appropriate facility.
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A 1-64
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to engine failure after lift-off by describing -
(a) failure to follow prescribed emergency checklist.
(b) failure to properly identify and verify the inoperative engine.
(c) failure to properly adjust engine controls and reduce drag.
(d) failure to maintain directional control.
(e) failure to establish and maintain a pitch attitude that will result in best engine inoperative airspeed, considering the height of obstructions.
(f) failure to establish and maintain proper bank for best performance.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a simulated engine failure after lift-off from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to engine failure after lift-off.
G. TASK: APPROACH AND LANDING WITH AN INOPERATIVE ENGINE (AMEL and AMES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to an approach and landing with an inoperative engine by describing -
(a) use of the prescribed emergency checklist to verify accomplishment of procedures for securing the inoperative engine.
(b) proper adjustment of engine controls, reduction of drag, and identification and verification of the inoperative engine.
(c) how to establish and maintain best engine inoperative airspeed.
(d) trim technique.
(e) how to establish and maintain a bank as required for best performance.
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(f) the monitoring and adjusting of the operating engine.
(g) proper approach to selected touchdown area, at the recommended airspeed.
(h) proper application of flight controls.
(i) how to maintain a precise ground track.
(j) wind shear and turbulence.
(k) proper timing, judgment, and control technique during roundout and touchdown.
(l) directional control after touchdown.
(m) use of brakes (landplane).
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to an approach and landing with an inoperative engine by describing -
(a) failure to follow prescribed emergency checklist.
(b) failure to properly identify and verify the inoperative engine.
(c) failure to properly adjust engine controls and reduce drag.
(d) failure to establish and maintain best engine inoperative airspeed.
(e) improper trim technique.
(f) failure to establish proper approach and landing configuration at appropriate time and in proper sequence.
(g) failure to use proper technique for wind shear or turbulence.
(h) inappropriate removal of hand from throttles.
(i) faulty technique during roundout and touchdown.
(j) improper directional control after touchdown.
(k) improper use of brakes (landplane).
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains an approach and landing with a simulated inoperative engine from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to an approach and landing with an inoperative engine.
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A 1-66 H. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR (AMEL and AMES) REFERENCES: AC 61-21; FAA -S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment and survival gear appropriate to the airplane flown by describing:
1. Locations in the airplane.
2. Purpose.
3. Method of operation or use.
4. Servicing.
5. Storage.
6. Equipment and gear appropriate for operation in various climates, over various types of terrain, and over water.
1-67 FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A XV. AREA OF OPERATION: APPROACHES AND APPROACHES AND
LANDINGSLANDINGS NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK.
A. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND LANDING (AMEL and AMES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual, Seaplane Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of a normal and a crosswind approach and landing by describing -
(a) how to determine landing performance and limitations.
(b) configuration, power, and trim.
(c) obstructions and other hazards which should be considered.
(d) a stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed to the selected touchdown area.
(e) coordination of flight controls.
(f) a precise ground track.
(g) wind shear and wake turbulence.
(h) most suitable crosswind technique.
(i) timing, judgment, and control technique during roundout and touchdown.
(j) directional control after touchdown.
(k) use of brakes (landplane).
(l) use of checklist.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to a normal and a crosswind approach and landing by describing -
(a) improper use of landing performance data and limitations.
(b) failure to establish approach and landing configuration at appropriate time or in proper sequence.
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(c) failure to establish and maintain a stabilized approach.
(d) inappropriate removal of hand from throttles.
(e) improper technique during roundout and touchdown.
(f) poor directional control after touchdown.
(g) improper use of brakes (landplane).
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a normal or a crosswind approach and landing from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to a normal or crosswind approach and landing.
B. TASK: GO-AROUND (AMEL and AMES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of a go-around by describing -
(a) situations where a go-around is necessary.
(b) importance of making a prompt decision.
(c) importance of applying takeoff power immediately after the go-around decision is made.
(d) importance of establishing proper pitch attitude.
(e) wing flaps retraction.
(f) use of trim.
(g) landing gear retraction.
(h) proper climb speed.
(i) proper track and obstruction clearance.
(j) use of checklist.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to a go-around by describing -
(a) failure to recognize a situation where a goaround is necessary.
(b) hazards of delaying a decision to go around.
(c) improper power application.
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(d) failure to control pitch attitude.
(e) failure to compensate for torque effect.
(f) improper trim technique.
(g) failure to maintain recommended airspeeds.
(h) improper wing flaps or landing gear retraction procedure.
(i) failure to maintain proper track during climbout.
(j) failure to remain well clear of obstructions and other traffic.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a goaround from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to a go-around.
C. TASK: SHORT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING (AMEL) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of a short-field approach and landing by describing -
(a) how to determine landing performance and limitations.
(b) configuration and trim.
(c) proper use of pitch and power to maintain desired approach angle.
(d) barriers and other hazards which should be considered.
(e) effect of wind.
(f) selection of touchdown and go-around points.
(g) a stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed to the selected touchdown point.
(h) coordination of flight controls.
(i) a precise ground track.
(j) timing, judgment, and control technique during roundout and touchdown.
(k) directional control after touchdown.
(l) use of brakes.
(m) use of checklist.
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2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of co mmon errors related to a short-field approach and landing by describing -
(a) improper use of landing performance data and limitations.
(b) failure to establish approach and landing configuration at appropriate time or in proper sequence.
(c) failure to establish and maintain a stabilized approach.
(d) improper technique in use of power, wing flaps, and trim.
(e) inappropriate removal of hand from throttles.
(f) improper technique during roundout and touchdown.
(g) poor directional control after touchdown.
(h) improper use of brakes.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a shortfield approach and landing from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to a short-field approach and landing.
D. TASK: GLASSY-WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (AMES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual, Seaplane Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of a glassy-water approach and landing by describing -
(a) how to determine landing performance and limitations.
(b) configuration and trim.
(c) deceptive characteristics of glassy water.
(d) selection of a suitable landing area and goaround point.
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(e) terrain and obstructions which should be considered.
(f) detection of hazards in the landing area such as shallow water, obstructions, or floating debris.
(g) coordination of flight controls.
(h) a precise ground track.
(i) a power setting and pitch attitude that will result in the recommended airspeed and rate of descent throughout the final approach to touchdown.
(j) how to maintain positive after-landing control.
(k) use of checklist.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to a glassy-water approach and landing by describing -
(a) improper use of landing performance data and limitations.
(b) failure to estab lish approach and landing configuration at appropriate time and in proper sequence.
(c) failure to establish and maintain a stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed and rate of descent.
(d) improper technique in use of power, wing flaps, or trim.
(e) inappropriate removal of hand from throttles.
(f) failure to touch down with power in the proper stabilized attitude.
(g) failure to maintain positive after-landing control.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a glassy-water approach and landing from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to a glassy-water approach and landing.