• Trained and recommended at least 10 applicants for an original certificate with at least 80 percent of those applicants recommended passing the practical test on the first attempt;
• Conducted at least 20 certification practical tests as an examiner or conducted 20 certification graduation tests as a chief flight instructor for an approved pilot school course; or
• A combination of the above requirements. Two certification practical tests/certification graduation tests equate to one trained and recommended applicant.
30 FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR RECENT EXPERIENCE. The recent experience requirements for a flight instructor certificate are located in 14 CFR § 61.197.
Establishing recent experience for a flight instructor certificate may be accomplished at any time as long as it is within the preceding 24 calendar months that a person wishes to exercise the privileges of the certificate.
Note: In accordance with 14 CFR § 61.425, a flight instructor with a sport pilot rating must establish recent experience in accordance with 14 CFR § 61.197.
30.1 Methods for Establishing Recent Experience. Flight instructor recent experience that has not lapsed may be reestablished in accordance with 14 CFR § 61.197(b) by one of the following options:
1. Passing a practical test for one of the ratings listed on the person’s current flight instructor certificate (14 CFR § 61.197(b)(1)(i)) or passing a practical test for an additional flight instructor rating (14 CFR § 61.197(b)(1)(ii)).
2. Presenting to an ASI, AST, or authorized designee records showing that, during the preceding 24 calendar months, the flight instructor has endorsed at least 5 applicants for a practical test for a certificate or rating and at least 80 percent of all applicants passed that test on the first attempt (14 CFR § 61.197(b)(2)(i)).
3. Presenting to an ASI, AST, or authorized designee evidence of having graduated from an FAA-approved flight instructor refresher course (FIRC) within the preceding 3 calendar months (14 CFR § 61.197(b)(2)(iii)). The instructor should present their FIRC graduation certificate to an ASI or AST at the time of application.
4. Presenting to an ASI, AST, or authorized designee a record showing that, within the preceding 24 calendar months from the month of application, the flight instructor passed an official U.S. Armed Forces military instructor pilot or pilot examiner proficiency check for which the military instructor already holds a rating or in an aircraft for an additional rating (14 CFR § 61.197(b)(2)(iv)).
5. Presenting to an ASI, AST, or authorized designee a record showing that, within the preceding 24 calendar months, the flight instructor served as a company check pilot, chief flight instructor, or flight instructor in a 14 CFR part 121 or 135 operation, or in a position involving the regular evaluation of pilots (14 CFR § 61.197(b)(2)(ii)). The normal duties of a flight instructor are not considered pilot evaluations under 14 CFR
23 § 61.197(b)(2)(ii). Order 8900.1, Volume 5, Chapter 2, Section 11, Conduct a Title 14 CFR Part 61 Flight Instructor Initial Certification, Additional Category/Class Ratings, Recent Experience Validation, and Reinstatement of Privileges, Subparagraph 5-504C, Section 61.197(b)(2)(ii) Recent Experience Requirements, provides the following examples of “a position involving the regular evaluation of pilots:”
• A PIC of a multiple-pilot flightcrew aircraft under 14 CFR part 121 or 135,
• Corporate PICs of a multiple-pilot flightcrew aircraft under 14 CFR part 91 subpart K (part 91K) or part 125,
• U.S. military pilots who are PICs of a multiple-pilot flightcrew aircraft,
• U.S. military instructor pilots and examiners who regularly evaluate pilots, and
• FAA DPEs or Pilot Proficiency Examiners (PPE).
Note: FAA ASIs should review evidence of the instructor’s employment, which should clearly show that the applicant is in a position involving the regular evaluation of pilots. ASIs also should have personal knowledge of the applicant’s flight instructing capabilities and qualities before validating that person’s recent experience.
6. Presenting to an ASI, AST, or authorized designee a record showing that, within the preceding 24 calendar months, the flight instructor served as a flight instructor in an FAA-sponsored Pilot Proficiency Program (WINGS) (14 CFR § 61.197(b)(2)(v)).
30.2 Validating Recent Experience by Mail. The procedure is described in Order 8900.1, Volume 5, Chapter 2, Section 11, Subparagraph 5-504E, Procedures for Validating Flight Instructor Recent Experience Via U.S. Mail. Information on the notary service required when applying by mail may be found at the U.S. Department of State (DOS) website at https://travel.state.gov. The instructor validating recent experience by mail should coordinate with the processing FSDO prior to mailing their documentation.
30.3 Recent Experience Period. For the purposes of meeting recent experience requirements, the FAA defines “24 calendar months” as starting from one of the following:
• The month the flight instructor certificate was issued (14 CFR § 61.197(a)(1)).
• The month the recent experience requirements were last accomplished (14 CFR § 61.197(a)(2)).
• The last month of the flight instructor’s current recent experience period provided the recent experience requirements are accomplished within the 3 calendar months preceding the last month of the certificate holder’s (CH) current recent experience period (14 CFR § 61.197(a)(3)).
30.3.1 Recent Experience Accomplished Prior to 3 Calendar Months From the Last Month of the Current Period. If the flight instructor satisfies the recent experience requirements more than 3 calendar months prior to the last month of their current recent experience
24 period, the new recent experience period will be valid for 24 calendar months from the month the recent experience requirements of 14 CFR § 61.197 were accomplished.
Additionally, if establishing recent experience by completing a FIRC, the flight instructor must present a FIRC graduation certificate to a FSDO within 3 calendar months of completion of the FIRC. The new recent experience period under 14 CFR § 61.197(a) must be established before the end of the flight instructor’s current recent experience period. If the flight instructor completes a FIRC more than 3 calendar months prior to the last month of the current recent experience period, the new recent experience period will start 24 calendar months after the month in which the FAA Form 8710-1 is submitted to the FAA, provided the form is submitted within 3 calendar months of completion of the FIRC.
30.3.2 Determining the End of the Recent Experience Period. The following examples help explain how to determine the ending date of the flight instructor’s 24-calendar-month recent experience period.
Example 1: If the last month of a flight instructor’s current recent experience period is August, then that instructor must accomplish one of the flight instructor recent experience actions in the months of May, June, July, or August to retain the month of August as the last month of recent experience per 14 CFR § 61.197(a)(3).
Example 2: Assume a flight instructor last established recent experience requirements in August 20xx. The instructor completes a FIRC on June 1, 20xx, and presents their FIRC graduation certificate and completed FAA Form 8710-1 to a FSDO on June 1, 20xx. The flight instructor recent experience is reestablished and is valid through August 31, 20xx+2 (per 14 CFR § 61.197(a)(3)). The month in which the flight instructor recent experience period ends is unchanged if the instructor completes the recent experience requirement(s) within the 3 calendar months prior to the last month of the recent experience period.
Example 3: The flight instructor has a recent experience period ending on August 31, 20xx. The flight instructor completes a FIRC on January 5, 20xx, 7 calendar months before the last month of the recent experience period. The flight instructor submits FAA Form 8710-1 to validate their recent experience on April 13, 20xx, within 3 calendar months of the date of the FIRC graduation. The flight instructor’s new recent experience period would end 24 calendar months from April 30, 20xx, or in other words, April 30, 20xx+2.
Example 4: The flight instructor has a recent experience period ending on August 31, 20xx. The flight instructor completes the FIRC on March 7, 20xx, and submits FAA Form 8710-1 on June 2, 20xx. This is within 3 calendar months of the date of the FIRC graduation and within 3 calendar months of the last month of the current recent experience period. In this case, the flight instructor’s new recent experience period would end 24 calendar months from the date of submission, or in other words, June 30, 20xx+2. This is because the FIRC was not completed
25 within the 3 calendar months preceding the last month of the current recent experience period, as required by 14 CFR § 61.197(a)(3).
Note: If you wish to retain the same month for your recent experience period each 24-calendar-month cycle, the FAA recommends that you complete the recent experience requirements and submit your FAA Form 8710-1 or 8710-11 within the 3 calendar months prior to the month your current recent experience period ends.
30.4 Flight Instructor Certificates With an Expiration Date. A person who holds an unexpired flight instructor certificate issued before December 1, 2024, may renew that certificate by establishing recent experience prior to the month of expiration on that person’s flight instructor certificate. After establishing recent experience, the instructor must submit FAA Form 8710-1 or 8710-11 to an ASI, AST, or authorized designee for validation. The instructor will be issued a new flight instructor certificate without an expiration date.
30.4.1 Acceptable Documentation. The FAA received regular inquiries asking about the intent of the phrase, “or other documentation acceptable to the Administrator,” in 14 CFR § 61.3(d). If a FIRC graduation certificate is used to establish recent experience, when exchanging a flight instructor certificate with an expiration date for a new flight instructor certificate without an expiration date, a copy of the FIRC graduation certificate is considered “documentation acceptable to the Administrator” until the applicant receives their permanent flight instructor certificate. Another example of other “documentation acceptable to the Administrator” is a copy of the signed and completed FAA Form 8710-1 or 8710-11.
30.5 Relief for U.S. Military Personnel Assigned Outside of the United States. Relief is available for persons supporting U.S. Armed Forces operations (refer to 14 CFR § 61.40).
FSDOs are authorized to validate the 14 CFR § 61.197 recent experience of an eligible flight instructor who meets the requirements of 14 CFR § 61.40. The eligible person must present the FSDO with the required documents along with FAA Form 8710-1 or 8710-11, as applicable.
31 REINSTATEMENT OF FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR PRIVILEGES. A person who fails to establish recent experience during the 24-calendar-month period may not exercise flight instructor privileges until those privileges are reinstated in accordance with 14 CFR § 61.199 or § 61.427, as applicable. If 3 calendar months or less have passed since the last month of the flight instructor’s recent experience period, the flight instructor may successfully complete an approved FIRC consisting of ground training or flight training, or a combination of both, to reinstate flight instructor privileges following validation by an ASI, AST, or authorized designee or, alternatively, by satisfactorily completing one of the methods listed below. If more than 3 calendar months have passed since the last month of the flight instructor’s recent experience period, the flight instructor must satisfactorily complete one of the methods listed below:
1. Passing a practical test, per 14 CFR § 61.183(h) or § 61.405(b), for one of the aircraft ratings held on that person’s flight instructor certificate or by passing a flight instructor practical test for an additional rating. If the practical test is for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, the examiner may only issue that rating and provide endorsements for the category and class privileges tested.
2. Military instructor pilots and pilot examiners can reinstate flight instructor privileges if they can provide a record showing that, within the preceding 6 calendar months from the date of submission of FAA Form 8710-1, the person has passed a U.S. Armed Forces instructor pilot or pilot examiner proficiency check or completed a U.S. Armed Forces instructor pilot or pilot examiner training course and received an additional aircraft rating qualification as a military instructor pilot or pilot examiner that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought (14 CFR § 61.199(a)(3)).
Note: Flight instructor ratings or limited flight instructor ratings on a pilot certificate are no longer valid. To reinstate flight instructor privileges, the applicant must meet all requirements for initial issuance of a flight instructor certificate, including satisfactorily completing the required knowledge and practical tests (14 CFR § 61.199(b)).
32 INSTRUMENT RATING. Title 14 CFR § 61.65 contains specific aeronautical knowledge, flight proficiency, aeronautical experience, and endorsement requirements for the instrument rating.
33 ADDITIONAL AIRCRAFT RATINGS (OTHER THAN ATP). Specific aeronautical knowledge, flight proficiency, and endorsement requirements for an additional category, class, or type rating (for ratings other than at the ATP level) are located in 14 CFR § 61.63.
33.1 Category and Class Ratings. Applicants adding a category and/or class rating to a recreational pilot certificate or higher, other than ATP, must have instructor recommendations and appropriate endorsements. An applicant for other than an ATP Certificate with airplane category multiengine class rating need not take an additional knowledge test, provided the person holds an airplane, powered-lift, rotorcraft, PPC, weight-shift-control aircraft, or airship rating at or above the pilot certificate level sought.
An applicant must pass the required practical test appropriate to the pilot certificate for the aircraft category and, if applicable, class rating sought. Additionally, applicants must comply with the requirements of 14 CFR § 61.63, as noted below:
33.1.1 Category Ratings. Applicants must receive the training and have the aeronautical experience required by 14 CFR part 61 that applies to the pilot certificate level for the category and, if applicable, class rating sought.
33.1.2 Class Ratings. Applicants must be found competent in the knowledge areas and proficient in the Areas of Operation for the class rating sought.
33.1.3 Type Ratings. Applicants must have the required training, logbook, or training record endorsements, and pass the required practical test in accordance with the ATP/type rating ACS or PTS, as appropriate. Refer to 14 CFR § 61.63(d).
33.2 Tailwheel Endorsement. Title 14 CFR § 61.31(i) prescribes additional training required for operating tailwheel airplanes. Some tailwheel airplanes have different configurations, such as wheels, floats, or skis. If a pilot is going to act as a PIC of an aircraft configured (equipped) with main wheels and a tailwheel, the pilot must have the training and endorsement. If the aircraft has skis or floats in place of the wheeled landing gear, the training cannot be accomplished and thus the endorsement is not required. The training and endorsement required by the regulation must be done when the aircraft has a tailwheel in the wheeled landing gear configuration. Refer to 14 CFR § 61.31(i)(2) for an exception to the training and endorsement requirement.
34 ADDITIONAL CATEGORY/CLASS RATINGS AT THE ATP CERTIFICATION LEVEL.
34.1 Specific requirements for an additional category, class, or type rating (at the ATP certification level) are located in 14 CFR § 61.165.
34.2 An instructor recommendation is not required, unless the applicant has failed the practical test and this is a retest (per 14 CFR § 61.49). Applicants for retest must comply with the appropriate retest requirements of 14 CFR § 61.49. In addition, the instructor must sign the applicant’s FAA Form 8710-1 application for the retest. If seeking to add an airplane category and multiengine class rating to an ATP Certificate, the applicant must complete an approved ATP CTP in accordance with 14 CFR § 61.156 prior to taking the required knowledge test.
35 OTHER INSTRUCTOR ENDORSEMENTS. Specific requirements for knowledge, aeronautical experience, and, as appropriate, testing for the complex airplane, high-performance airplane, tailwheel airplane, pressurized aircraft capable of operating at high altitudes, and type specific training are found in 14 CFR § 61.31.
36 GROUND INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATION. The applicability, eligibility, privileges, and recency requirements for the ground instructor certificate are located in 14 CFR part 61 subpart I.
37 AUTHORIZED INSTRUCTORS. Title 14 CFR § 61.1 defines an “authorized instructor” as:
1. A person who holds a ground instructor certificate issued under 14 CFR part 61 and is in compliance with 14 CFR § 61.217 when conducting ground training in accordance with the privileges and limitations of their ground instructor certificate;
2. A person who holds a flight instructor certificate issued under 14 CFR part 61 and is in compliance with 14 CFR § 61.197 when conducting ground training or flight training in accordance with the privileges and limitations of their flight instructor certificate; or
3. A person authorized by the Administrator to provide ground training or flight training under 14 CFR part 61, 121, 135, or 142 when conducting ground training or flight training in accordance with that authority.
38 ADDITIONAL TRAINING FOR GLIDERS. Specific training and authorization requirements for ground-tow, aerotow, and self-launch procedures for gliders are located in 14 CFR § 61.31(j).
38.1 Ground-Tow Procedures. Pilots who desire to act as PIC of a glider using ground-tow procedures must have satisfactorily accomplished ground and flight training on ground-tow procedures and operations. The pilot must have received an endorsement from an authorized instructor who certifies in that pilot’s logbook that the pilot has been found proficient in ground-tow procedures and operations. Refer to 14 CFR § 61.31(j)(1)(i).
38.2 Aerotow Procedures. Pilots who desire to act as PIC of a glider using aerotow procedures must have satisfactorily accomplished ground and flight training on aerotow procedures and operations. The pilot must have received an endorsement from an authorized instructor who certifies in that pilot’s logbook that the pilot has been found proficient in aerotow procedures and operations. Refer to 14 CFR § 61.31(j)(1)(ii).
38.3 Self-Launch Procedures. Pilots who desire to act as PIC of a glider using self-launch procedures must have satisfactorily accomplished ground and flight training on self-launch procedures and operations. The pilot must have received an endorsement from an authorized instructor who certifies in that pilot’s logbook that the pilot has been found proficient in self-launch procedures and operations. Refer to 14 CFR § 61.31(j)(1)(iii).
38.4 Glider Ratings Issued Prior to August 4, 1997. In accordance with 14 CFR § 61.31(j)(2), the holder of a glider rating issued prior to August 4, 1997, is considered to be in compliance with the training and logbook endorsement requirements of 14 CFR § 61.31(j) for the specific operating privilege for which the holder is already qualified.
38.5 Weight-Shift-Control Aircraft Certification Prior to September 1, 2004. Prior to September 1, 2004, some weight-shift-control aircraft had been issued an experimental certificate in the glider category. In these cases only, initial pilot certification for the issuance of at least a Private Pilot Certificate with a glider rating limited to weight-shift-control or glider-trike privileges was authorized. After September 1, 2004, issuance of at least a Private Pilot Certificate with a glider rating limited to weight-shift-control or glider-trike privileges is no longer authorized, nor necessary, now that there are established training and certification requirements for weight-shift-control category aircraft under 14 CFR part 61.
38.6 Weight-Shift-Control Aircraft Certification After January 15, 2005. Effective January 15, 2005, airmen who conducted their initial pilot certification in a weight-shift-control aircraft that was certificated as an experimental aircraft in the glider category and received a Private Pilot Certificate or higher with a glider rating limited to
29 weight-shift-control or glider-trike privileges can apply using FAA Form 8710-11 at a FSDO for a weight-shift-control category and/or class rating to be added to their airman certificate with no further showing of competency.
39 ENHANCED FLIGHT VISION SYSTEM (EFVS). There are two types of EFVS operations: EFVS operations to 100 feet above the touchdown zone elevation (TDZE) and EFVS operations to touchdown and rollout. An EFVS is an installed aircraft system which uses an electronic means to provide a display of the forward external scene topography (the natural or manmade features of a place or region, especially in a way to show their relative positions and elevation) through the use of imaging sensors, including, but not limited to, forward-looking infrared, millimeter wave radiometry, millimeter wave radar, or low-light level image intensification. An EFVS includes the display element, sensors, computers and power supplies, indications, and controls. EFVS operations to 100 feet above the TDZE were enabled through 69 FR 1620, Enhanced Flight Vision Systems, published in 2004. In 2016, the FAA amended the EFVS regulations to also permit EFVS operations to touchdown and rollout. Additionally, 81 FR 90126, Revisions to Operational Requirements for the Use of Enhanced Flight Vision Systems (EFVS) and to Pilot Compartment View Requirements for Vision Systems, published in 2016, established minimum ground and flight training requirements for pilots conducting EFVS operations. The operating requirements for EFVS operations can be found in 14 CFR § 91.176, and the minimum ground and flight training requirements for EFVS operations can be found in 14 CFR § 61.66. Operational and training guidance for EFVS operations can be found in AC 90-106, Enhanced Flight Vision System Operations. Recommended endorsements for the training are contained in Appendix A, Sample Endorsements.
40 SIMPLIFIED FLIGHT CONTROLS LIMITATION. Title 14 CFR § 61.31(l) provides the required training and endorsement for pilots seeking to act as PIC of an aircraft with simplified flight controls designation. Training and endorsement are required for each make and model (M/M) of aircraft with a simplified flight controls designation prior to operating as PIC. The pilot must already hold the appropriate category and class rating or privilege prior to obtaining the M/M simplified flight controls endorsement. This training can be combined with an initial category and class rating or privilege for a pilot certificate, but a practical test is required.
40.1 Initial Cadre Training. The initial cadre of training in a simplified flight control aircraft may do so without satisfying the training and endorsement requirements under 14 CFR § 61.31(l); rather the training of the initial cadre requires specific endorsements for pilots to become qualified in the aircraft. Refer to 14 CFR § 61.195(n). Recommended endorsements for the initial set of pilots for a specific M/M aircraft with simplified flight controls are contained in Appendix A.
Note: Initial cadre of training are pilots employed by or used by the manufacturer who will gain experience in aircraft with simplified flight controls and be the best qualified persons to provide initial instruction to authorized instructors and designated pilot examiners.
40.2 Further Guidance. For further discussion and guidance regarding simplified flight control designation, limitations, and operational privileges specific to sport pilots and flight instructors with sport pilot rating, see AC 61-146.
41 AC FEEDBACK FORM. For your convenience, the AC Feedback Form is the last page of this AC. Note any deficiencies found, clarifications needed, or suggested improvements regarding the contents of this AC on the Feedback Form.
Appendix A A-1 APPENDIX A. SAMPLE ENDORSEMENTS
CONTENTS
No. Endorsement DescriptionPage
Prerequisites for the Practical Test Endorsement
A.1 Prerequisites for practical test: 14 CFR § 61.39(a)(6)(i) and (ii)A-7
A.2 Review of deficiencies identified on airman knowledge test:
14 CFR § 61.39(a)(6)(iii), as requiredA-7
Student Pilot Endorsements
A.3 Pre-solo aeronautical knowledge: 14 CFR § 61.87(b)A-7
A.4 Pre-solo flight training: 14 CFR § 61.87(c)(1) and (2)A-8
A.5 Pre-solo flight training at night: 14 CFR § 61.87(o)A-8
A.6 Solo flight (first 90-calendar-day period): 14 CFR § 61.87(n)A-8
A.7 Solo flight (each additional 90-calendar-day period): 14 CFR § 61.87(p)A-8
A.8 Solo takeoffs and landings at another airport within 25 nautical miles (NM):
14 CFR § 61.93(b)(1)A-8
A.9 Solo cross-country flight: 14 CFR § 61.93(c)(1) and (2)A-8
A.10 Solo cross-country flight: 14 CFR § 61.93(c)(3)A-8
A.11 Repeated solo cross-country flights not more than 50 NM from the point of
departure: 14 CFR § 61.93(b)(2)A-9
A.12 Solo flight in Class B airspace: 14 CFR § 61.95(a)A-9
A.13 Solo flight to, from, or at an airport located in Class B airspace:
14 CFR §§ 61.95(b) and 91.131(b)(1)A-9
A.14 Endorsement of U.S. citizenship recommended by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA): Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR)
§ 1552.15(c)A-9
Additional Student Pilot Endorsements for Students Seeking Sport or Recreational Pilot Certificates
A.15 Solo flight in Class B, C, and D airspace: 14 CFR § 61.94(a)A-9
Appendix A A-2 A.16 Solo flight to, from, or at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace or at an airport
having an operational control tower: 14 CFR §§ 61.94(a) and 91.131(b)(1)A-10
Sport Pilot Endorsements
A.17 Aeronautical knowledge test: 14 CFR §§ 61.35(a)(1) and 61.309A-10
A.18 Taking flight proficiency check for different category or class of aircraft:
14 CFR §§ 61.309 and 61.311A-10
A.19 Passing flight proficiency check for different category or class of aircraft:
14 CFR §§ 61.309 and 61.311A-10
A.20 Taking sport pilot practical test: 14 CFR §§ 61.309, 61.311, and 61.313A-10
A.21 Passing a sport pilot practical test: 14 CFR §§ 61.309, 61.311, and 61.313A-11
A.22 Passing a sport pilot practical test with a simplified flight controls limitation:
14 CFR § 61.45(g)(4)(ii)A-11
A.23 Class B, C, or D airspace; at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace; or to, from,
through, or at an airport having an operational control tower: 14 CFR § 61.325A-11
A.24 Aircraft that has a maximum speed in level flight with maximum continuous power (VH)
less than or equal to 87 Knots Calibrated Airspeed (KCAS): 14 CFR § 61.327A-11
A.25 Aircraft that has a VH greater than 87 KCAS: 14 CFR § 61.327A-11
A.26 Flight training at night: 14 CFR § 61.329A-12
A.27 To act as pilot in command (PIC) in an aircraft with retractable landing gear:
14 CFR § 61.331(a)A-12
A.28 To act as PIC in an airplane with a manual controllable pitch propeller:
14 CFR § 61.331(b)A-12
Recreational Pilot Endorsements
A.29 Aeronautical knowledge test: 14 CFR §§ 61.35(a)(1), 61.96(b)(3), and 61.97(b)A-12
A.30 Flight proficiency/practical test: 14 CFR §§ 61.96(b)(5), 61.98(a) and (b),
and 61.99A-12
A.31 Recreational pilot to operate within 50 NM of the airport where training was
received: 14 CFR § 61.101(b)A-12
A.32 Recreational pilot to act as PIC on a flight that exceeds 50 NM of the
departure airport: 14 CFR § 61.101(c)A-13
Appendix A A-3 A.33 Recreational pilot with less than 400 flight hours and no logged PIC time within
the preceding 180 calendar days: 14 CFR § 61.101(g)A-13
A.34 Recreational pilot to conduct solo flights for the purpose of obtaining an additional certificate or rating while under the supervision of an authorized flight instructor:
14 CFR § 61.101(j)A-13
A.35 Class B, C, or D airspace; at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace; or to, from,
through, or at an airport having an operational control tower: 14 CFR § 61.101(d)A-13
Private Pilot Endorsements
A.36 Aeronautical knowledge test: 14 CFR §§ 61.35(a)(1), 61.103(d), and 61.105A-13
A.37 Flight proficiency/practical test: 14 CFR §§ 61.103(f), 61.107(b), and 61.109A-14
Commercial Pilot Endorsements
A.38 Aeronautical knowledge test: 14 CFR §§ 61.35(a)(1), 61.123(c), and 61.125A-14
A.39 Flight proficiency/practical test: 14 CFR §§ 61.123(e), 61.127, and 61.129A-14
Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) Endorsements A.40 Restricted privileges ATP Certificate, Airplane Multiengine Land (AMEL) rating:
14 CFR § 61.160A-14
A.41 ATP Certification Training Program (CTP): 14 CFR § 61.153(e)A-14
Instrument Rating Endorsements
A.42 Aeronautical knowledge test: 14 CFR §§ 61.35(a)(1) and 61.65(a) and (b)A-15
A.43 Flight proficiency/practical test: 14 CFR § 61.65(a)(6)A-15
A.44 Prerequisites for instrument practical tests: 14 CFR § 61.39(a)A-15
Flight Instructor (Other Than Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating) Endorsements
A.45 Fundamentals of instructing knowledge test: 14 CFR § 61.183(d)A-15
A.46 Flight instructor aeronautical knowledge test: 14 CFR § 61.183(f)A-15
A.47 Flight instructor ground and flight proficiency/practical test: 14 CFR § 61.183(g)A-15
A.48 Flight instructor certificate with instrument–(category/class) rating/practical test:
14 CFR §§ 61.183(g) and 61.187(a) and (b)(7)A-16