U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration
FLIGHT ENGINEER Practical Test Standard for
•• RECIPROCATING ENGINE
•• TURBOPROPELLER and
•• TURBOJET
POWERED AIRCRAFT JANUARY 1999
FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE Washington, DC 20591 FAA-S-8081-21
FLIGHT ENGINEER Practical Test Standard for Reciprocating Engine Turbopropeller and Turbojet
POWERED AIRCRAFT 1999
FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE WASHINGTON, DC 20591
FAA-S-8081-21 NOTE This book establishes the flight engineer—reciprocating engine, turbopropeller (turboprop), and turbojet powered aircraft practical test standard. This standard is to be used for flight engineer certification.
Material in FAA-S-8081-21 will be effective January 1, 1999.
FAA-S-8081-21
FOREWORD The Flight Engineer Practical Test Standard for Reciprocating Engine, Turbopropeller, and Turbojet Powered Aircraft is published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish the standard for flight engineer practical tests. FAA inspectors and designated examiners (referred to as examiners throughout this book) shall conduct practical tests in compliance with this standard. Flight engineers exercising instructor privileges and applicants should find this standard helpful during training and when preparing for practical tests.
FAA-S-8081-21
FOREWORD The Flight Engineer Practical Test Standard for Reciprocating Engine, Turbopropeller, and Turbojet Powered Aircraft is published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish the standard for flight engineer practical tests. FAA inspectors and designated examiners (referred to as examiners throughout this book) shall conduct practical tests in compliance with this standard. Flight engineers exercising instructor privileges and applicants should find this standard helpful during training and when preparing for practical tests.
Richard O. Gordon Acting Director, Flight Standards Service
FAA-S-8081-21i
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION1
General Information1
Practical Test Standard Concept2
Practical Test Book Description2
Use of the Practical Test Standard Book4
Flight Engineer Practical Test Prerequisites5
Age5
Medical Certificate5
Knowledge Test Report5
Extended Test Report Validity: Documentation6
Completed FAA Form 8400-3, Application for an Airman
Certificate and/or Rating6
Other Practical Test Prerequisites: Documentation7
Table 18
Table 28
Retesting After Failure: Documentation9
Adding a Class Rating to an Existing Flight Engineer
Certificate: Documentation9
Aircraft and Equipment Requirements for the Practical Test9
Use of FAA-Approved Flight Simulators and Flight Training
Devices For Testing9
Testing in TASKS and in Normal, Abnormal, and
Emergency Procedures10
Inspector and Examiner Responsibility11
Practical Test Administered to Applicants Eligible Under 14 CFR part 63, section 63.37(b)(1), (2), (3), or (4) or Otherwise Not Eligible For Use of Exemption 4901,
As Amended11
Practical Test Administered to Applicants Eligible Under 14 CFR part 63, section 63.37(b)(7) or Otherwise Eligible
For Use of Exemption 4901, As Amended12
Satisfactory Performance14
Unsatisfactory Performance14
Recording Unsatisfactory Performance15
Crew Resource Management (CRM)16
How the Examiner Applies CRM16
Applicant’s Use of Checklists17
EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST19
FAA-S-8081-21 ii SECTION 1:PREFLIGHT PREPARATION
CONTENTS1-i
AREA OF OPERATION:
I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION1-1
SECTION 2:PREFLIGHT, GROUND, FLIGHT, AND POSTFLIGHT
PROCEDURES
CONTENTS2-i
AREAS OF OPERATION:
II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES2-1
III. GROUND OPERATIONS2-4
IV. NORMAL PROCEDURES2-6
V. ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES2-10
VI. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES2-13
APPENDIX 1—TASK VS. SIMULATION DEVICE CREDIT CONTENTS....................................................................Appendix 1-i TASK VS. SIMULATION DEVICE CREDIT..................Appendix 1-1 USE OF CHART ...........................................................Appendix 1-1 TABLE 1 - TASK AUTHORIZATION FOR
APPLICANTS NOT ELIGIBLE FOR EXEMPTION 4901, AS AMENDED.................................................Appendix 1-3 TABLE 2 - TASK AUTHORIZATION FOR APPLICANTS ELIGIBLE FOR EXEMPTION 4901, AS AMENDED ...........................................................Appendix 1-5
FAA-S-8081-211
INTRODUCTION General Information The Flight Standards Service of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has developed this practical test standard (PTS) for use by FAA inspectors and examiners when conducting flight engineer practical tests. Instructors and applicants are expected to be guided by th is standard when preparing for practical tests.
NOTE: Throughout this practical test standard , when the term “examiners” is used, “inspectors and examiners” should be understood.
Information considered directive in nature is described in this practical test book in terms, such as “shall” and “must” indicating the actions are mandatory. Guidance information is described in terms, such as “should” and “may” indicating the actions are desirable or permissive, but not mandatory.
The FAA gratefully acknowledges the valuable assistance provided by the many individuals who contributed their time and talent in assisting with the development of this practical test standard.
This practical test standard is accessible through the Internet at www.fedworld.gov/pub/faa-att/faa-att.htm, or by modem at 703-321-3339.
You may purchase this standard from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Changes to this standard, in accordance with AC 60-27, Announcement of Availability: Changes to Practical Test Standards , will be available through the Internet and then later incorporated into a printed revision.
For a listing of changes, AFS-600’s Internet web site may be accessed at www.mmac.jccbi.gov/afs/afs600.htm.
Comments regarding this publication should be sent to:
U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Flight Standards Service Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630 P.O. Box 25082 Oklahoma City, OK 73125
FAA-S-8081-21 2 Practical Test Standard Concept Title 49, United States Code, empowers the Administrator of the FAA to promote safety. Specifically, section 44701 (a)(5) states : “The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall promote safe flight of civil aircraft in air commerce by prescribing – regulations and minimum standards....” Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) specifies areas of knowledge and skill that shall be demonstrated by an applicant before issuance of a flight engineer certificate. The standards for airman certificates are published in this practical test standard and contain specific TASKS in which competency shall be demonstrated. The FAA will revise this PTS whenever it is determined that changes are needed in the interest of safety. Adherence to provisions of the regulations and the practical test standard is mandatory for evaluation of flight engineer applicants.
For some aircraft types, provisions of FAA Flight Standardization Board Reports (FSB) may specify details as to how 14 CFR and this practical test standard apply to certain TASKS, procedures, or knowledge areas.
Airmen certification credits applicable to 14 CFR part 121 operators may be permitted in accordance with Special Federal Aviation Regulations (SFAR) 58 ; AC 120-53 , Crew Qualification and Pilot Type Rating Requirements for Transport Category Aircraft Operated Under 14 CFR part 121; and FSB reports.
Practical Test Book Description This book contains the practical test standard for the initial issuance of a flight engineer certificate and for the addition of class ratings to that certificate. The flight engineer practical test standard include s the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKS.
AREAS OF OPERATION are phases of the practical test arranged in a logical sequence in two sections within this standard. Section One is conducted on the ground and contains TASKS to determine the applicant’s knowledge of the aircraft, applicable equipment, documents, operating manuals, performance, and limitations. Section Two contains TASKS to determine the applicant’s knowledge and skill during preflight, ground, flight, and postflight procedures. The examiner may conduct the practical test in any sequence that results in an efficient and valid test.
TASKS list the required knowledge and skills appropriate to an AREA OF OPERATION.
NOTE is used to emphasize special considerations required in the AREA OF OPERATION or TASK.
FAA-S-8081-213 The TASK’s Objective lists the important elements that must be satisfactorily performed to demonstrate competency in a TASK. The Objective includes:
1. specifically what the applicant should be able to do;
2. the conditions under which the TASK is to be performed; and
3. the minimum acceptable standards of performance.
The REFERENCE identifies the publication(s) that describe(s) the TASK. Descriptions of TASKS are not included in this standard because this information can be found in the current issue of the listed references.
Materials other than those listed may be used for reference if their content conveys substantially the same meaning as the referenced materials.
This practical test standard is based on the following references.
14 CFR part 1 Definitions and Abbreviations 14 CFR part 63 Certification: Flight Crewmembers Other Than Pilots Exemption No. 4901, Exempts §63.39(b)(1) and (2) and as amended §121.425(a)(2)(i) and (ii) 14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules 14 CFR part 121 Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations SFAR 58 Advanced Qualification Program AC 00-6 Aviation Weather AC 00-45 Aviation Weather Services AC 60-27 Announcement of Availability: Changes to Practical Test Standards AC 61-21 Flight Training Handbook AC 61-27 Instrument Flying Handbook AC 61-84 Role of Preflight Preparation AC 63-1 Flight Engineer Knowledge Test Guide AC 120-27 Aircraft Weight and Balance Control AC 120-35 Line Operational Simulations: Line Oriented Flight Training, Special Purpose Operational Training, Line Operational Evaluation AC 120-40 Airplane Simulator Qualification AC 120-45 Airplane Flight Training Device Qualification AC 120-46 Use of Airplane Flight Training Devices AC 120-51 Crew Resource Management Training
FAA-S-8081-21 4 AC 120-53 Crew Qualification and Pilot Type Rating Requirements for Transport Category Aircraft Operated Under FAR Part 121 AC 120-54 Advanced Qualification Program AIM Aeronautical Information Manual A/FD Airport/Facility Directory FDC NOTAM National Flight Data Center Notices to Airmen FAA Order 8400.10 Air Transportation Operations Inspector’s Handbook AFM FAA-Approved Aircraft Flight Manual MEL Minimum Equipment List FSB Reports Flight Standardization Board Reports OTHER Aircraft Operating Manual Flight Manuals Master and Company Minimum Equipment Lists Configuration Deviation List Manufacturer’s MEL Procedures Manual/Dispatch Deviation Guide Use of the Practical Test Standard Book The TASKS contained in this practical test standard apply to applicants for an initial flight engineer certificate or when adding a class rating to an existing flight engineer certificate. With certain exceptions, some described by NOTES, all TASKS are required ; however, when a particular element is not appropriate to the aircraft or its equipment, that element, at the discretion of the examiner, may be omitted.
It is not intended that the examiner follow the precise order that the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKS appear in th is practical test standard. The examiner may change the sequence or combine TASKS with similar Objectives to conserve time. Although TASKS with similar Objectives may be combined to conserve time, the Objectives of all TASKS must be demonstrated and evaluated at some time during the practical test. Examiners must develop a written plan of action that includes the order and combination of TASKS to be demonstrated by the applicant in a manner that results in an efficient and valid test. It is of utmost importance that the examiner accurately evaluate the applicant, placing special emphasis on operations considered critical to flight safety.
FAA-S-8081-215 Flight Engineer Practical Test Prerequisites Age The minimum age to take the flight engineer practical test is 19 ;
however, the minimum age to hold a flight engineer certificate is 21.
NOTE: An applicant who is less than 21 years of age and successfully completes the flight engineer practical test will be issued a Letter of Aeronautical Competency by the FAA . The letter will state that the applicant has met all the requirements for a flight engineer certificate except the age requirement. When an applicant presents proof of reaching age 21, and presents a second-class medical certificate or higher, the Letter of Aeronautical Competency may be exchanged for a temporary airman certificate at any Flight Standards District Office (FSDO).
Medical Certificate Applicants must present a current second-class medical certificate or higher before taking the practical test.
Knowledge Test Report Applicants must present a valid AC Form 8080-2, Airman Written Test Report, or Airman Test Report.
The flight engineer knowledge test report is normally valid for 24-calendar months. When an applicant applies for oral and flight tests, the validity period may be extended in some cases. The following requirements must be met:
1. Applicants Employed by Air Carriers.Employment by a 14 CFR part 135 on-demand operator does not qualify an applicant for an extension. Employment by one or more scheduled part 135 operators or by one or more part 121 operators may qualify an applicant for an extension under the following conditions:
a. An applicant who is a flightcrew member must have completed initial new-hire training, initial equipment training, or transition training.
b. An applicant who is a flightcrew member must currently be participating in a training program that includes a recurrent training curriculum in accordance with part 121 or part 135.