AC 91-45C

Historical

Advisory circular · Waivers: Aviation Events

Approved
February 1, 1990
Last reviewed
October 24, 2024
This change
Canceled by Memo signed by Robert C. Carty for Rick Domingo (AFS-1) and Derek Honda (AFB-120); dated 11/03/2020.
Cancels
AC91-45B
Family
AC 91-45 · 1 version
Revision
C
14 CFR parts
61, 91, 103, 105

Guidance, not mandatory unless a rule or AD requires it. DRS record last changed November 22, 2025.

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Appendix 3 APPENDIX 3. SPECIAL PROVISIONS

a. Ceiling, visibility, and wind limitations shall be appropriate to the type of exhibitions involved.

, b. Aerobatic maneuvers may not be directed toward any spectator area. Certain related maneuvers and procedures, however, may be authorized as outlined below:

(1) Rolling 360° turns with a segment toward the spectator area, but beyond the required separation from the showline.

(2) "Approved maneuvers" that are completed beyond a point that the rollout and trajectory of the aircraft will not endanger the spectators. "Approved maneuvers" are maneuvers that have been approved by AFS-20 for a specific performer. Upon request from the FAA, performers are required to present evidence of the approval.

(3) For military demonstration teams, approved maneuvers may include level or climbing nonaerobatic flight over designated spectator areas; however, in no case shall the altitude of the aircraft be less than 500 feet Above Ground Level (AGL) over a designated spectator area. All other performers must be at 1,000 feet AGL, or above, over designated spectator areas unless they hold approval for the maneuver from AFS-20.

(4) Maneuvers on an oblique line that pass 500, 1,000, or 1,500 feet, as appropriate, to either side of a spectator area.

c. No aerobatic demonstrations shall be authorized or scheduled during such time as a suspension of airport traffic or diversion of other aircraft traffic will cause a hardship to scheduled air carrier operations.

d. The "arrival demonstration" is not authorized unless an "advance member" of the demonstration team has been briefed on the showline and pertinent special provisions contained in FAA Form 7711-1, Certificate of Waiver or Authorization, and this information has been relayed to the team leader before the arrival demonstration.

e. The following are some examples of facilities that could be required dependent upon the type of aviation event. They must be readily available at the demonstration site.

(1) Ambulance (air and/or ground).

(2) Firetruck.

(3) Crash Wagon.

(4) Physician.

(5) Other equivalent emergency equipment.

If the event is conducted at an airport, a closed field signal in the form of a large "X," colored aviation yellow, and readily visible from 3,000 feet above the surface must be displayed on the landing areas when the aerial demonstration is in progress. The closed field signal is necessary at most uncontrolled airports, but may not be required at FAA controlled facilities.

The holder of the FAA Form 7711-1 shall ensure that roads under the specified flight maneuvering area are devoid of vehicular traffic or spectators.

h. Racing flight operations are not authorized when the reported (or observed) flight visibility is less than

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Appendix 3 3 miles. This value should be adjusted upward for racing speeds above 300 knots.

i. In the event of an accident considered to be the result of a course deficiency or racing procedures, flight operations will be cancelled until the deficiency has been corrected and accepted by the person designated responsible for the overall safety of the event.

from entering the helipad area. The pads should be locared so the aircraft will not pass over spectators during Rotorcraft takeoff and landing areas must be protected in a manner that will prevent unauthorized persons takeoff or landing.

k. Spectator areas may not be located closer than 500 feet from any takeoff and landing runway/area when the normal landing speed (1.3 V.)of any aircraft is 100 knots or more; 200 feet if speed is less than 100 knots.

Airshow acts that involve excessive maneuvering immediately after takeoff, or just before landing, must also be separated from the spectator area by at least 500 feet.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR AEROBATIC COMPETITION/

PRACTICE AREA This waiver is not valid if the visibility is less than (insert distance) or the ceiling is less than (insert ceiling value). Aerobatic maneuvers shall be conducted at least 1,000 feet below the ceiling.

b. Each pilot using the aerobatic practice area shall notify (name of Air Traffic facility) by telephone (insert number) at least 30 minutes before operation begins, and again when the flight activity is completed.

c. Aerobatic flight shall be conducted only between the hours of official sunrise and sunset.

Each pilot using the aerobatic practice area must be briefed by the holder of FAA Form 7711-1 before use on the confines of the waived space and the terms of the waiver.

e. The holder of FAA Form 7711-1 shall advise the (Name of FSS) Flight Service Station before commencing aerobatic flight operations of the duration of the activity and request that a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) be issued.

f. The holder of FAA Form 7711-1 is responsible for the conduct of all aerobatic operations within the operating area. The certificate holder shall also maintain a record of pilots and aircraft using the aerobatic practice area, indicating name, certificate type and number, and aircraft type and registration number.

Before performing any aerobatic sequence, level clearing tums to the left and to the right shall be made che sun at the get salat mate and the area scanned thoroughly. Every reasonable action shall be taken to assure that the area is clear before executing any aerobatic maneuver.

The holder of FAA Form 7711-1 has the responsibility to halt or cancel activity if at anytime the safety of persons or property on the ground or in the air is in jeopardy, or if there is a contravention of the terms or conditions of the waiver. The pilot is responsible for halting operations if unauthorized persons enter the operating area.

For waivers involving aerobatic practice areas, the holder of the FAA Form 7711-1 must obtain, and hold on a continuing basis throughout the duration of this waiver, the permission of the airport manager and the property owner over which aerobatic flights are being conducted.

by appointed officials named by the applicant on FAA Form 7711-2. Such approving officials shall assure that: Aerobatics conducted under the provisions of this waiver are limited to those aircraft and pilots approved 2

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Appendix 3

(1) Each aircraft using the area is airworthy and properly certificated.

Pilots using the area are properly certificated and briefed on the confines of the waived airspace and terms of the waiver.

k. Mr./Ms. shall ensure that participants are thoroughly briefed on the provisions of this waiver.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR PARACHUTE DEMONSTRATION JUMPS

a. For jumps into congested areas, two-way radio communication between the aircraft airlifting the parachutists and the landing area shall be continuously maintained for all jumps.

b. Provisions shall be made by the holder of FAA Form 7711-1 to keep spectators out of the landing area.

than 5 miles. The parachute jump shall not be conducted when the ceiling is less than 2,500 feet and the visibility less Use the appropriate landing area provision based on the qualifications of the jumper. Landing areas will be divided into two distinct categories:

(1) Parachutists who hold a USPA Class C or D license, or are members of a DOD-sanctioned parachute demonstration team, must select a landing area that will permit the jumper to land not closer than 50 feet from any spectator and will not involve passing over persons on the surface at an altitude of less than 250 feet.

(2) Parachutists who hold a USPA Class D license with an exhibition rating, or are members of a DOD- sanctioned parachute demonstration team, who certify that they will use a steerable square main and reserve canopy, will be permitted to exit over or into a congested area. The selected landing area must not permit the jumper to land closer than 15 feet from any spectator and will not involve passing over persons on the surface The holder of FAA Form 7711-1 shall brief the pilot in command of the aircraft and the jumpers on the terms of this authorization.

The FAA inspector may wish to develop a provision that directs the pilot in command or the holder of FAA Form 7711-1 to use a specific Air Traffic Control facility and frequency.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR BALLOON EVENTS FAR §§ 91.79 (b) and (c) are waived to the extent necessary to allow participating balloons to compete in (insert the name of the balloon event here) under the terms and conditions set forth in the FAA-approved procedures section of the (insert the name of the balloon event manual here).

The (insert the name of the balloon event manual) is incorporated into this FAA Form 7711-1 and becomes a special provision thereof. A contravention of the terms, controls, procedures, and conditions pertaining to safety set forth in the FAA-approved procedures could be the basis for cancellation of this waiver.

The holder of FAA Form 7711-1 shall ensure that each participating flight crewmember has read and understands the FAA-approved procedures section of the (insert the name of the balloon event manual) and the special provisions of this waiver.

3 * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1991 - 5 1 7 - 0 0 0/ 4 6 0 3 5

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CHAPTER 7. WAIVER PROVISIONS

87. GENERAL PROVISIONS.

a. Each FAA Form 7711-1, Certificate of Waiver or Authorization, shall include general and special provisions developed by the issuing FAA FSDO. Many safety provisions are general in nature and are applicable to all aviation events.

The FAA FSDO will tailor the general and special provisions to accommodate the sponsor's variation in the type of special provisions called for.

b. Use of Special Provisions. Some events require extensive and highly detailed special provisions, whereas others can be fairly simple.

In addition to variation among events, local conditions have much to do with what special provisions are necessary.

b. Provisions that appear on the waiver shall be restricted to protective measures, controls, or requirements that are not otherwise specified

(1) Special provisions shall pertain to protective measures and control requirements which are not specifically covered by the FAR.

by the FAR. (2) It may be necessary to increase one regulatory minimum in order to authorize sate C. Regulatory requirements (not waived) deviation from another.

shall not be included as special provisions.

A sample of general provisions can be found in Appendix 2.

88. SPECIAL PROVISIONS. Special provisions are conditions, requirements, or limitations necessary to protect persons and property on the surface and other users of the national airspace system.

Ensuring Safety. The special provisions

(3) In order to permit aerobatic flight in a control zone or near a busy airport, it might be necessary to increase the minimum visibility requirement to 5 miles.

Responsibility for compliance with the terms of the waiver issued for aerobatic practice areas rests with the pilot. In cases where the waiver is issued for members of an organization, a designated individual responsible for overseeing compliance with the terms of the waiver should be identified to the FAA.

of FAA Form 7711-1 ensure that the aviation event can be conducted without an adverse effect A sample of special provisions can be on safety. Every airshow waiver shall contain found in Appendix 3.

special provisions to ensure adequate public and non-airshow traffic safety. There may be a wide 89.-92. RESERVED.

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