ANC06LA049

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 172 · Tuluksak, AK · April 26, 2006

Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
April 25, 2006, 18:35 local (Apr 26, 2006, 02:35 UTC)
Place
Tuluksak, AK
Injuries
3 minor
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Initial climb
Aircraft
N1453VCessna 172
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report November 29, 2006
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Alaska Regional Office
Parties
Anchorage FSDO
FAA report
20060425007019A
Case key
63597

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The pilot's inadvertent stall/mush during takeoff-initial climb, which resulted in an in-flight collision with trees and terrain. Factors associated with the accident were the pilot's excessive loading of the airplane, his inadequate preflight planning, and a slush-covered runway.

Sequence of events

NTSB’s coding before 2008: each occurrence and phase of flight, and the causes and factors under it. The codes are defined in NTSB’s coding manual.

Loss of control - in flightTakeoff - initial climb
Terrain condition - slush coveredFactor
Aircraft weight and balance - exceededPilot in commandFactor
Preflight planning/preparation - inadequatePilot in commandFactor
Airspeed - inadequatePilot in commandCause
Stall/mush - inadvertentPilot in command
In flight collision with objectDescent - uncontrolled
Object - tree(s)

Analysis

The certificated airline transport pilot was departing on a Title 14, CFR Part 135, on-demand air taxi passenger flight from a 2,461 foot-long slush and snow-covered gravel runway. The pilot reported that the airplane became airborne after using about two-thirds of the runway, but would not climb. Once the airplane passed over the departure end of the runway, it stalled and collided with a stand of trees and snow-covered terrain. The airplane sustained structural damage to the wings, fuselage, and horizontal stabilizer. The pilot said that there were no preaccident mechanical anomalies with the airplane. A postaccident investigation revealed that the estimated gross weight of the airplane at takeoff was about 2,485 pounds, or approximately 185 pounds in excess of the maximum takeoff gross weight of 2,300 pounds.

Factual narrative

On April 25, 2006, about 1835 Alaska daylight time, a wheel-equipped Cessna 172 airplane, N1453V, sustained substantial damage following a loss of control during takeoff/initial climb from the Tuluksak Airport, Tuluksak, Alaska. The airplane was being operated as a visual flight rules (VFR) on-demand air taxi passenger flight under Title 14, CFR Part 135, when the accident occurred. The airplane was owned and operated by Inland Aviation Services, Aniak, Alaska. The airline transport pilot, and the two passengers, sustained minor injuries. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and company flight following procedures were in effect. The flight originated at the Tuluksak Airport, and was en route to the Bethel Airport, Bethel, Alaska.

During a telephone conversation with the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigator-in-charge (IIC) on April 26, the pilot reported that he was departing from Runway 20, a 2,461 foot-long, slush and snow-covered gravel runway. He said that the airplane became airborne after using about two-thirds of the runway, but would not climb. According to the pilot, the airplane remained airborne while still in ground effect. Once the airplane passed over the departure end of the runway, the airplane stalled, and collided with a stand of trees and snow-covered terrain. It came to rest about 50 yards from the departure end of the runway. The airplane sustained structural damage to the wings, fuselage, and horizontal stabilizer. The pilot said that there were no preaccident mechanical anomalies with the airplane. He reported that at the time of departure there was about 21.5 gallons of fuel on board, or about 50 percent of the airplane's total fuel capacity (43.0 gallons).

According to the NTSB Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report (NTSB Form 6120.1/2) submitted by the operator, the estimated fuel on board at the time of the accident was 15 gallons.

On April 26, a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airworthiness inspector assigned to the Anchorage Flight Standards District Office, traveled to the accident site. The FAA inspector estimated the combined weight of the two passengers was about 660 pounds. The FAA inspector also reported that the front seat passenger was too large to use the seatbelt, and he was unrestrained in his seat at the time of the accident.

The following weights were used to estimate the airplane's gross weight at takeoff:

Empty weight of airplane: 1,466.0 pounds

Pilot's weight from12/29/05 medical: 200.0 pounds

Front seat passenger: 430.0 pounds

Rear seat passenger: 230.0 pounds

Fuel, 21.5 gallons: 129.0 pounds

Survival gear and passenger baggage 30.0 pounds

The estimated gross weight of the airplane at takeoff was 2,485 pounds, or approximately 185 pounds in excess of the maximum takeoff gross weight of 2,300 pounds.

Aircraft

Registration
N1453V
Reported as
Cessna 172
Category
Airplane
Serial number
17263590
Airframe hours
10,812.3
Engine
Lycoming O-320-E20, 160 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Part 135
Registered owner
Inland Aviation Services Inc
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
100 hour · April 1, 2006 · 24.1 hours before
Departed
TLT · Tuluksak, AK
Destination
BET · Bethel, AK
Flight plan
Company VFR
Airport
TLT · Tuluksak Airport, runway 20, 2,461 × 30 ft, gravel

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
41
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, With waivers/limitations
Seat
Left
Flight hours
9,500 total · 250 in this make and model · 5,000 as pilot in command · 300 in the last 90 days · 70 in the last 30 days · 6 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
130° at 7 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
3,800 ft overcast
Temperature
30 °F, dew point 14 °F
Altimeter
29.76 inHg
Observed at
PANI, 14 nm away

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.

Other investigations on N1453V · 1

Matched to the same aircraft by N-number and date.