ANC20CA030

NTSB accident investigation · Piper PA18 · Big Lake, AK · February 29, 2020

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
February 28, 2020, 16:40 local (Feb 29, 2020, 01:40 UTC)
Place
Big Lake, AK
Injuries
1 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Initial climb
Aircraft
N7384DPiper PA18
Defining event
Initial climb: Loss of engine power (partial)
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report June 29, 2020
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Alaska Regional Office
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20200228004099A
Case key
101058

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot's failure to use carburetor heat in conditions conducive to carburetor icing, which resulted in a partial loss of engine power, a precautionary landing, and impact with snow.

Findings · 4

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Action: lack of actionPersonnel issues › Action/decision · PilotPiper PA-18-150: 4 casesAll aircraft: 792 casesProbable cause
Use of equip/info: use of equip/systemPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotPiper PA-18-150: 20 casesAll aircraft: 1,391 casesProbable cause
Temp/humidity/pressure: conducive to carburetor icingEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on operationPiper PA-18-150: 15 casesAll aircraft: 435 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot reported that, while performing touch-and-go landings, he applied carburetor heat during the second landing. During takeoff after the second landing, he turned the carburetor heat off and applied full power. Once airborne, the airplane began to lose power, and he manipulated the throttle and carburetor heat levers, but engine power was not restored. He chose to make a precautionary landing straight-ahead on the runway with partial engine power. During the landing, the airplane departed the end of the runway, impacted snow, and nosed over. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the right-wing lift strut and empennage. A postaccident engine examination and test run revealed no preaccident malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. The exact probability of carburetor icing could not be calculated for the accident airport because the closest weather observation station was 8 miles away. However, the pilot stated that, while landing, there were about 3 inches of fresh snow on the runway and that he believed that propeller wash likely introduced snow into the intake, which created carburetor ice. He added that he should have left the carburetor heat on longer after the second landing.

Factual narrative

The pilot reported that while performing touch-and-go maneuvers, he had applied carburetor heat during the second landing. During the takeoff, after the second landing, he turned the carburetor heat off and applied full power. Once airborne, the airplane began to lose power and he manipulated the throttle and carburetor heat levers but was unable to regain power. He chose to make a precautionary landing straight-ahead with partial engine power. During the landing on the remaining runway, the airplane departed the end of the runway, encountered unmaintained snow, and nosed over. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the right wing lift strut and empennage. A post-accident engine examination and test run was accomplished by the NTSB and FAA with no malfunctions or failures revealed. The exact probability of carburetor icing was not able to be calculated for the accident airport due to the closest weather observation station being 8 miles away. The pilot however stated that while landing, there was about 3 inches of fresh snow on the runway, and that he believed the propeller wash likely introduced snow into the intake, which created carburetor ice. He added that he should have left the carburetor heat on longer after the second landing.

Aircraft

Registration
N7384D
Reported as
Piper PA18 (150)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
18-5749
Built
1957
Airframe hours
3,382.2
Engine
Lycoming O-320-E2D, 150 hp, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · February 22, 2020
Departed
4AK6 · Palmer, AK
Destination
BGQ · Big Lake, AK
Airport
BGQ · Big Lake, runway 7, 2,450 × 70 ft, snow
Equipment
None

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
36
Injuries
None
Certificates
Airline transport, Commercial
Airplane ratings
Single-engine sea, Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
August 5, 2019
Seat
Front
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
11,104 total · 570 in this make and model · 5,783 as pilot in command · 120 in the last 90 days · 39 in the last 30 days

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
250° at 3 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
23 °F, dew point 9 °F
Altimeter
29.95 inHg
Observed at
PAWS, 8 nm away

Docket · 3

The files NTSB released with the investigation on April 21, 2020, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 1.4 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.

Other investigations on N7384D · 1

Matched to the same aircraft by N-number and date.