CEN13LA340

The pilot stated that, just as the airplane became airborne after takeoff, the tip-up canopy popped open about 3 inches. The pilot grabbed the canopy with his hand and simultaneously lowered the airplane's nose and partially reduced power in an attempt to land on the remaining runway. The airplane nosed over, and the pilot lost grip of the canopy when it "opened to the full vertical position," which caused the airplane's nose to further pitch over. He applied back pressure on the control stick; however, the elevator and rudder did not respond. He was able to level the wings before the airplane landed hard on all three landing gear. A postaccident examination of the airplane revealed that the canopy latch operated normally except for some slight resistance when locking the latch into the detent position. The pilot stated that the canopy latch was hard to latch and that he most likely did not secure it properly. The airplane's kit manufacturer reported that it had not conducted any testing on the aerodynamic effects of the airplane's canopy opening in flight; therefore, it could not contest the pilot's claims that the canopy opened to the fully open/vertical position. However, the kit manufacturer did report that it has had a "reasonable amount" of field experience with tip-up canopies opening in flight on similar model airplanes in which no loss of control was reported and that, "While the extent that a canopy tends to open will vary with airspeed, it is our experience that a tip-up canopy will open to a point where the aerodynamic equilibrium is reached...at which point the canopy's position will stabilize." However, because the airplane was in the process of landing, it is likely that the canopy position did not have a chance to stabilize before touchdown. This accident was the first reported instance where pitch authority was affected from a canopy opening in flight on any model equipped with a tip-up canopy, and a lack of flight test data precluded a determination of the aerodynamic effects on the airplane's elevator and rudder if the canopy fully opens during landing.

On June 11, 2013, about 0633 central daylight time, N666BE, an experimental-amateur built Vans RV-12 airplane, sustained substantial damage during a hard landing at the Chadron Municipal Airport (CDR), Chadron, Nebraska, after the canopy opened on takeoff. The certified airline transport pilot/owner/builder was seriously injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed for the local flight conducted under 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. The pilot stated that the takeoff roll was normal and he rotated at 70 miles per hour (mph). Just as the airplane became airborne, the tip-up canopy popped open about 3-inches. The pilot grabbed the canopy with his hand and simultaneously lowered the nose and partially reduced power in an attempt to land on the remaining runway. At this point, the airplane had accelerated to 80 mph and was about 50-feet-above the runway. As the airplane pitched, the pilot lost grip of the canopy when it "opened to the full vertical position." He said this caused the nose of the airplane to pitch over further and when he applied back pressure on the control stick, there was no response from the elevator. There was also no response from the rudder. The pilot could not get a hold of the canopy to close it and perform a normal landing. He was able to level the wings before the airplane landed hard resulting in substantial damage to both wings and the fuselage. An inspector with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) performed a postaccident examination of the airplane and was able to operate the canopy latch with the exception of some slight resistance when locking the latch into the detent position. The pilot said the canopy latch was hard to latch and he most likely did not secure it properly. Data extracted from the pilot's handheld GPSMAP 496 revealed the airplane departed runway 2 about 0633:21 and achieve a maximum average groundspeed of 64 knots. The airplane's track started on the runway centerline and moved progressively left of the centerline when the data ended at 0633:57. Data from the onboard Dynon FlightDEK D 180 display was also downloaded, but due to the 60-second sampling rate and short duration of the flight, none of the information for the accident flight was useful to the investigation. The canopy on the RV-12 is hinged in the front and is latched in the back behind the pilot. When the canopy is opened, it moves up and forward (toward the front of the airplane) about 90 degrees vertical. According to Van's Aircraft Inc., a pilot seated in the airplane would not be able to reach the canopy handle on the RV-12 if the canopy was open more than a third open and would be completely out of reach (for even the tallest pilots) when the canopy was more than halfway open. In a written statement Van's Aircraft, Inc., stated that they have not done any testing in regard to the aerodynamic effects of the RV-12 canopy opening in flight. As such, they could not contest the pilot'sclaims that the canopy opened to the fully open/vertical position since "There may be aerodynamic conditions that we are not aware of that could cause this." However, Van's Aircraft Inc., did report that they have had a "reasonable amount" of field experience with tip-up canopies opening in flight on the RV-6/6A, RV-7/7A and RV-9/9A model airplanes along with other incidents of the RV-12 canopy opening in flight, where no loss of control was reported. They said, "While the extent that a canopy tends to open will vary with airspeed, it is our experience that a tip-up canopy will open to a point where the aerodynamic equilibrium is reached...at which point the canopy's position will stabilize." This accident was the first reported instance where pitch authority was affected from a canopy opening in flight on any of the Van's Aircraft Inc. models equipped with a tip-up canopy. In response to this accident, Van's Aircraft Inc. will issue Notification 14-05-22 recommending owners of all RV-12 aircraft equipped with SkyView or a Garmin G3X Touch to add a canopy latch warning system. This warning system consists of a switch that is tied into the SkyView or Garmin G3X Touch systems and would alert a pilot if the canopy is unlatched or latched improperly when the engine rpm exceeded 3,700 rpm. This modification is not available for RV-12 aircraft equipped with the Dynon 180 EFIS units.