CEN13LA570

NTSB accident investigation · Piper PA 28-181 · Algona, IA · September 30, 2013

Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
September 29, 2013, 20:50 local (Sep 30, 2013, 01:50 UTC)
Place
Algona, IA
Injuries
2 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Approach
Aircraft
N31688Piper PA 28-181
Defining event
Approach: Fuel exhaustion
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Night
Status
Completed · report January 14, 2015
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Central Region
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20130929021429A
Case key
88167

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

Fuel exhaustion as a result of the pilot's failure to ensure he had sufficient fuel on board to complete the planned flight. Contributing to the accident was the incomplete information provided by the airport's AWOS.

Findings · 5

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid levelPiper PA-28-181: 20 casesAll aircraft: 1,695 casesProbable cause
Planning/preparation: fuel planningPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotPiper PA-28-181: 12 casesAll aircraft: 719 casesProbable cause
Light condition: darkEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Contributed to outcomePiper PA-28-181: 9 casesAll aircraft: 448 cases
Airport facilities/designEnvironmental issues › Operating environment · Availability of related infoPiper PA-28-181: 1 caseAll aircraft: 52 casesProbable cause
Action: incomplete actionPersonnel issues › Action/decision · Airport personnelPiper PA-28-181: 1 caseAll aircraft: 105 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot took off with 34 gallons of fuel onboard and flew to another airport to pick up his flight instructor for a flight review. He and his flight instructor then flew for about an hour and decided to divert to another en route airport to obtain fuel. While en route, they listened to the automated weather observation system (AWOS) for the airport, which provided the weather conditions but no notices to airmen (NOTAMs). The engine sputtered when they were about 1 mile from the airport. The pilot switched fuel tanks and engine power was regained. They circled the airport 3 times while trying to turn on the pilot-controlled runway lights. On the fourth pass, the engine lost power. The pilot made a hard landing short of the approach end of runway 12. A postaccident examination of the airplane revealed that no useable fuel remained in the fuel tanks. The airport was temporarily closed due to runway construction. The airport management had issued a NOTAM, crossed out the runway numbers, shut the airport beacon light off, and deactivated the pilot-controlled runway lights. The airport manager stated that they put the runway closure information on the AWOS but it kept dropping off.

Factual narrative

On September 29, 2013, at 2050 central daylight time, a Piper PA-28-181, N31688, experienced a hard landing short of the runway at the Algona Municipal Airport (AXA), Algona, Iowa, following a loss of engine power. The private pilot and flight instructor were not injured. The airplane sustained substantial damage to both wings. The airplane was registered to Okoboji Flyers LLC, and operated by the private pilot as a 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 instructional flight. Night visual meteorological prevailed for the flight, which was not operated on a flight plan. The accident leg of the flight originated from the Estherville Municipal Airport (EST), Estherville, Iowa, at 1800. The pilot departed Spencer, Iowa, and flew to EST where he picked up his flight instructor. The pilot stated the purpose of the flight was to complete a flight review. He reported the airplane contained 34 gallons of fuel prior to takeoff and during the flight he switched fuel tanks every 30 minutes. After departing EST, they flew south then east for about 1 hour. Based on the distance from EST and the amount of fuel remaining, the pilot elected to fly to a closer airport, AXA, to obtain fuel prior to returning to EST. About 38 miles northeast of AXA, the pilot listened to the automated weather observation system (AWOS) for the airport. He stated there were no notices to airmen (NOTAMs) on the AWOS. They continued to AXA and the engine began to sputter when they were approximately 1 mile from the airport. The pilot switched fuel tanks and the engine regained power. He stated they circled the airport 3 times as they tried to turn on the runway lights. On the fourth pass, the engine lost power. The pilot made a hard landing short of the approach end of runway 12. A postaccident examination of the airplane revealed no useable fuel remained in the fuel tanks. The airport manager stated the airport was closed between September 16, 2013 and October 9, 2013, due to runway construction. He stated they issued a NOTAM, crossed out the runway numbers, shut the airport beacon light off, and deactivated the pilot controlled runway lights. The airport manager stated they put the runway closure information on the AWOS, but it kept dropping off.

Aircraft

Registration
N31688
Reported as
Piper PA 28-181 (181)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
28-7890475
Built
1978
Airframe hours
1,670
Engine
Lycoming O&VO-360 SER, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · October 26, 2012
Departed
KEST · Estherville, IA
Destination
KEST · Estherville, IA
Airport
KAXA · Algona Municipal

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
36
Injuries
None
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Medical
Class 3, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
September 22, 2011
Seat
Left
Flight hours
93 total · 90 in this make and model · 5 in the last 90 days
Role
Flight instructor
Age
32
Injuries
None
Certificates
Flight instructor, Commercial
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, With waivers/limitations
Seat
Right
Flight hours
1,411 total · 6 in this make and model · 1,276 as pilot in command · 39 in the last 90 days · 18 in the last 30 days

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Night
Wind
170° at 12 knots
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
63 °F, dew point 45 °F
Altimeter
29.87 inHg
Observed at
AXA

Docket · 3

The files NTSB released with the investigation on December 15, 2014, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 1.1 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.