CEN16LA366

NTSB accident investigation · Piper PA 18 · Greenville, MI · September 11, 2016

Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
September 11, 2016, 15:58 local (19:58 UTC)
Place
Greenville, MI
Injuries
2 serious
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Initial climb
Aircraft
N3286ZPiper PA 18
Defining event
Initial climb: Aerodynamic stall/spin
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report January 18, 2017
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Central Region
Parties
Federal Aviation Administration
FAA report
20160911017559A
Case key
93991

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The pilot's premature turn during the takeoff climb and subsequent turn to avoid trees, which resulted in his exceedance of the airplane’s critical angle-of-attack and a subsequent aerodynamic stall.

Findings · 3

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Performance/control parameters: angle of attackAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Capability exceededAll aircraft: 990 casesProbable cause
Performance/control parameters: airspeedAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintainedAll aircraft: 1,681 casesProbable cause
Use of equip/info: aircraft controlPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotAll aircraft: 9,295 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The private pilot reported that, during the takeoff climb for the personal cross-country flight, he turned the airplane too early and at too low of an altitude to clear the trees ahead. The pilot then turned the airplane to avoid the trees, and it stalled. As he continued to try to maneuver the airplane away from the trees, the airplane entered a secondary stall, descended, and impacted terrain in a vertical attitude. There were no mechanical anomalies with the airplane, engine, or related systems that would have precluded normal operation.

Factual narrative

On September 11, 2016, at 1558 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA-18 airplane, N3286Z, was substantially damaged when it impacted terrain southwest of the Greenville Municipal Airport (6D6), Greenville, Michigan. The private pilot and passenger sustained serious injuries. The airplane was registered to and operated by a private individual under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a personal flight . Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) flight plan had been filed for the flight. The flight was originating at the time of the accident and was en route to Hillsdale Municipal Airport (JYM), Hillsdale, Michigan. According to the written statement submitted to the National Transportation Safety Board by the pilot, the airplane departed from runway 28. The pilot turned the airplane on course prior to reaching an altitude sufficient to clear the trees south of the runway. The pilot turned the airplane to avoid the trees and stalled the airplane. As he continued to try and maneuver the airplane away from the trees the airplane entered a secondary stall, descended, and impacted terrain on the south side of the airport about 100 yards southwest of the grass airstrip. The airplane impacted the ground in a vertical attitude and the fuselage and wings were crushed. According to the FAA inspector who responded to the accident, there were no mechanical anomalies with the airframe, engine, or flight controls that would have precluded normal operation.

Aircraft

Registration
N3286Z
Reported as
Piper PA 18 (95)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
18-7208
Built
1959
Airframe hours
4,015.2
Engine
Continental Motors C90-12F, 90 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · August 15, 2016
Departed
6D6 · Greenville, MI
Destination
JYM · Hillsdale, MI
Airport
6D6 · Greenville Municipal Airport, runway 28, 4,199 × 75 ft, asphalt
Equipment
Handheld GPS, Satellite tracking device

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
24
Injuries
Serious
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
August 11, 2016
Seat
Front
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
361.8 total · 226.8 in this make and model · 31.2 in the last 90 days · 50 in the last 30 days · 3.7 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
260° at 6 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
5,000 ft broken
Temperature
72 °F, dew point 46 °F
Altimeter
30.17 inHg
Observed at
KY70, 15 nm away

Docket · 3

The files NTSB released with the investigation on December 1, 2016, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 1.0 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.