CEN17LA036

NTSB accident investigation · Stinson L 5 · San Marcos, TX · November 6, 2016

Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
November 6, 2016, 12:22 local (18:22 UTC)
Place
San Marcos, TX
Injuries
2 minor
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Initial climb
Aircraft
N4252KStinson L 5
Defining event
Initial climb: Fuel starvation
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report January 25, 2018
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Central Region
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20161106018349A
Case key
94344

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot’s improper fuel management before landing, which resulted in fuel starvation and the subsequent total loss of engine power during a subsequent go-around when the fuel became unported during the climbing turn.

Findings · 3

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Use of equip/info: use of equip/systemPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotStinson L-5: 1 caseAll aircraft: 1,391 casesProbable cause
Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid managementStinson L-5: 1 caseAll aircraft: 1,695 casesProbable cause
Runway/land/takeoff/taxi surface: soft surfaceEnvironmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcomeStinson L-5: 1 caseAll aircraft: 264 cases

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The private pilot reported that the airplane bounced while landing on the runway, so he conducted a go-around. During climbout, the engine lost power at 500 ft above ground level. The pilot turned the airplane to land on another runway; however, the airplane was not able to reach the runway, so he landed on wet grass between the runways. Upon touchdown, the left main landing gear collapsed when it dug into the soft terrain, and the airplane nosed over. The pilot reported that, for the entire flight, he had the fuel selector positioned on the left tank. The pilot added that the airplane usually burned between 9 and 10 gallons of fuel per hour. Therefore, given the flight was about 1 hour 22 minutes long and the tank held 15 gallons of usable fuel, the left tank probably contained about 2 to 3 gallons of usable fuel at the time of the accident. The right fuel tank was full. A postaccident examination of the airplane revealed that there was no fuel in the fuel line leading into the engine. The position of the fuel pick-up line in the wing would have allowed the fuel in the wing to unport during the climbing turn. Given the low fuel level in the selected left fuel tank, it is likely that the fuel supply to the engine was interrupted during the climbing turn. If the pilot had selected the full right fuel tank, the loss of power would likely not have occurred.

Factual narrative

On November 6, 2016, about 1222 central standard time, a Stinson L5, N4252K, nosed over during a forced landing at the San Marcos Regional Airport (HYI), San Marcos, Texas. The private pilot and passenger received minor injuries. The airplane was substantially damaged. The aircraft was registered to a private individual and was operated under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a personal flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the flight, which was not on a flight plan. The flight originated from HYI about 1100.The pilot reported the airplane bounced while landing on runway 13, so he performed a go-around. He reported the engine lost power at an altitude of about 500 ft above the ground during climbout. The pilot made a turn to land on runway 35; however, the airplane was not able to make it to the runway, so he landed on the wet grass between the runways. Upon touchdown, the left main gear collapsed when it dug into the soft terrain and the airplane nosed over resulting in substantial damage to the vertical stabilizer and wings. The airplane was full of fuel, 15 gallons usable in each tank, when the flight was initiated. The pilot reported he had the left fuel tank selected during the entire 1 hour, 22-minute-long flight. The pilot reported the fuel quantity indicator showed between ¼ and 3/8 of a tank of fuel remaining in the left fuel tank at the time of the accident. The right fuel tank was full, and the pilot reported he should have switched tanks before the landing. He reported the left fuel tank had previously shown signs of fuel seeping and that the fuel quantity gauges were not reliable. The pilot stated the airplane usually burned between 9 and 10 gallons per hour fuel. A postaccident examination of the airplane by a Federal Aviation Inspector revealed fuel was not present in the fuel line leading into the engine and there was very little fuel in the left fuel tank. The inspector stated that the location of the fuel pick-up line in the wing, would have allowed the fuel in the wing to un-port during the climb.

Aircraft

Registration
N4252K
Reported as
Stinson L 5
Category
Airplane
Serial number
3551
Built
1944
Airframe hours
1,256.9
Engine
Lycoming O-435-1, 185 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · July 1, 2016 · 8 hours before
Departed
HYI · San Marcos, TX
Destination
HYI · San Marcos, TX
Airport
HYI · San Marcos Regional, runway 35, 5,214 × 100 ft, asphalt
Equipment
Handheld GPS

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
69
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Medical
Class 3, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
August 26, 2016
Seat
Front
Restraint
4-point
Flight hours
1,024 total · 107 in this make and model · 921 as pilot in command · 6.8 in the last 90 days · 5.8 in the last 30 days

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
160° at 6 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
77 °F, dew point 66 °F
Altimeter
30.07 inHg
Observed at
HYI

Docket · 3

The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 21, 2017, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 757 KB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.