CEN18LA142

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna T210N · Colorado Springs, CO · April 15, 2018

Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
April 15, 2018, 12:50 local (18:50 UTC)
Place
Colorado Springs, CO
Injuries
1 minor, 2 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Enroute
Aircraft
N6988NCessna T210N
Defining event
Enroute-descent: Fuel starvation
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report March 18, 2019
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Central Region
FAA report
20180415014829A
Case key
97044

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The pilot's inadequate in-flight fuel management, which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel starvation.

Findings · 3

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid managementCessna T210N: 5 casesAll aircraft: 1,695 casesProbable cause
Use of equip/info: use of equip/systemPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotCessna T210N: 3 casesAll aircraft: 1,391 casesProbable cause
Action: incorrect action performancePersonnel issues › Action/decision · PilotCessna T210N: 1 caseAll aircraft: 1,386 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The airline transport pilot reported that, as the flight neared the destination airport, the engine experienced a total loss of power. The pilot switched from the left fuel tank to the right tank and turned the auxiliary boost pump on, which restored engine power momentarily. Shortly thereafter, the engine again experienced a total loss of power and the pilot performed a forced landing. Postaccident examination revealed no useable fuel in the left tank, an estimated 20 to 25 gallons in the right tank, and no evidence of fuel contamination. Examination and test run of the engine revealed no mechanical anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. Although the turbocharger manifold exhibited a crack around its circumference, the crack would not have appreciably degraded engine performance at the altitude at which the airplane was flying when the loss of power occurred. Given the lack of fuel in the left wing tank and the fact that the engine operated without anomalies during postaccident testing, it is likely that the loss of engine power was the result of fuel starvation due to the pilot's mismanagement of the available fuel.

Factual narrative

On April 15, 2018, at 1048 mountain daylight time, a Cessna T210N airplane, N6988N, lost engine power while approaching the City of Colorado Springs Municipal Airport (COS), Colorado Springs, Colorado. The pilot made a forced landing in residential area 3 miles north of the airport. During the landing, the airplane struck an embankment and was substantially damaged. The pilot and one passenger were not injured. Another passenger received a serious injury. The airplane was registered to CAG International, Inc., and operated by Elite Aviation, Longmont, Colorado, as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and a visual flight rules flight plan had been filed. The flight originated from Vance Brand Airport (LMO), Longmont, Colorado, about 1000, and was destined for COS. According to the pilot's accident report, he was at 9,500 feet msl (mean sea level) and was being vectored for landing at COS when the engine lost power. He switched from the left fuel tank to the right fuel tank and turned the auxiliary boost pump on. Engine power was restored. Shortly thereafter, the engine lost power again. The fuel flow gauge indicated zero, and the fuel pressure gauge was intermittent. The pilot extended full flaps and the airplane ballooned over an embankment, landed hard, bounced over a median and struck a guard rail. Post-accident examination revealed no fuel in the left tank. An estimated 20 to 25 gallons was drained from the right tank. No contamination was noted. On April 24, the airplane was examined at the facilities of Beegles Aircraft Service in Greeley, Colorado. The Federal Aviation Administration and Continental Motors were in attendance. The top spark plugs, although dark in color, were oil-free. The engine was rotated manually, and thumb compression was achieved on each cylinder. No binding was noted, and crankshaft and camshaft continuity was confirmed. Spark was noted at all top ignition leads when the engine was manually rotated. The fuel hose between the engine driven fuel pump and the engine fuel manifold contained no fuel. Fuel was found in the hose to the fuel flow indicator on the instrument panel. The airframe fuel strainer was full of fuel. The screen was clear of any contamination. the turbo compressor wheel was undamaged, and the compressor wheel rotated smoothly. The engine was shipped to Continental Motors, Mobile, Alabama, and was examined on June 20 and 21. When the turbocharger was removed from the engine, evidence of hot gas seepage was noted on the manifold. A crack had developed and had propagated almost completely around the base of the flange. Another manifold was installed and on June 22, the engine functionally tested in a test cell. No anomalies were noted.

Aircraft

Registration
N6988N
Reported as
Cessna T210N
Category
Airplane
Serial number
T21063197
Built
1979
Airframe hours
5,305
Engine
Continental TSIO-520-R, 285 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · February 15, 2018 · 17 hours before
Departed
KLMO · Longmont, CO
Destination
KCOS · Colorado Springs, CO
Airport
KCOS · City of Colorado Springs Muni., runway 17R, 11,022 × 150 ft, asphalt
Equipment
Stall warning system

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
63
Injuries
None
Certificates
Airline transport, Commercial, Flight instructor
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land, Single-engine sea
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
June 1, 2017
Seat
Right
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
5,174 total · 137 in this make and model · 3,186 as pilot in command · 45 in the last 90 days · 16 in the last 30 days · 1 in the last 24 hours
Role
Student pilot
Age
23
Injuries
None
Certificate
Student
Medical
Class 3, Without waivers/limitations
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
30 total · 5 in this make and model · 3 in the last 90 days · 3 in the last 30 days · 1 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
Calm
Visibility
10 statute miles
Temperature
52 °F, dew point 23 °F
Altimeter
30.17 inHg
Turbulence
Light
Observed at
KCOS, 5 nm away

Docket · 2

The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 2, 2018, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 13.9 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.