CEN19CA062

NTSB accident investigation · Piper PA 18 · Iron Mountain, MI · January 19, 2019

Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
January 19, 2019, 13:35 local (18:35 UTC)
Place
Iron Mountain, MI
Injuries
1 minor
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Maneuvering
Aircraft
N3298ZPiper PA 18
Defining event
Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Loss of control in flight
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report September 26, 2019
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Central Region
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20190119000289A
Case key
98880

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The pilot's distraction and subsequent loss of situational awareness and visual horizon in overcast sky conditions, which led to an unrecognized descent during a low-level maneuver and subsequent impact with snow-covered terrain.

Findings · 4

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Attention/monitoring: attentionPersonnel issues › Psychological · PilotPiper PA-18: 1 caseAll aircraft: 226 casesProbable cause
Terrain: snowy/icy terrainEnvironmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcomePiper PA-18: 1 caseAll aircraft: 77 cases
Ceiling/visibility/precip: cloudsEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on operationPiper PA-18: 1 caseAll aircraft: 108 cases

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

On January 19, 2019, about 1315 central standard time, a Piper PA-28 airplane, N3298Z, impacted terrain near Iron Mountain, Michigan. The airline transport-rated pilot sustained minor injuries, and the airplane sustained substantial damage. The airplane was owned and operated by the pilot as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. Day visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan was filed for the local flight that originated at Ford Airport, Iron Mountain, Michigan. The pilot reported that he had conducted an uneventful sight-seeing flight and intended to return to the departure airport. He initiated a left turn about 800 ft above a lake and became distracted while focusing on a distant point across the frozen and snow-covered lake. The pilot added that he lost reference to the horizon while continuing in a descending left turn until ground impact. The pilot reported that there were no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. The departure airport's automated surface observation system, located 6 miles west of the accident site, reported that, about 20 minutes before the accident, winds were from 020º at 5 knots, 10 miles visibility, ceiling overcast at 3,500 ft, temperature -11ºC, dew point -18ºC, and altimeter setting of 30.19 inches of mercury.

Factual narrative

On January 19, 2019, about 1315 central standard time, a Piper PA-28 airplane, N3298Z, owned by a private individual impacted a frozen lake near Iron Mountain, Michigan. The airline transport rated pilot received minor injuries. The airplane sustained substantial damaged. The airplane was owned and operated by the pilot as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. Day visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed for the local flight that originated at Ford Airport (IMT), Iron Mountain, Michigan. According to the pilot's statement, he had an uneventful sight-seeing flight and intended to return to IMT. He initiated a left-hand turn about 800ft above ground level, over Fumee Lake, Michigan, and became distracted while focusing on a distant point across the frozen and snow covered lake. The pilot reported he lost reference to the horizon while continuing in a descending left turn and impacted the ground with the left wing, main gear and right wing. The pilot indicated on his accident report that there were no mechanical malfunctions with the airplane prior to the accident. At 1254, the IMT automated surface observation system, located 6 miles west of the accident site, reported the following weather conditions: winds 020º at 5 knots, 10 miles visibility, ceiling overcast 3,500 ft, temperature -11ºC, dew point -18ºC, and altimeter 30.19 inches of mercury.

Aircraft

Registration
N3298Z
Reported as
Piper PA 18 (150)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
18-7240
Built
1959
Airframe hours
3,995.64
Engine
Continental C90-12F, 90 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · August 24, 2018
Departed
IMT · Iron Mountain Kingsford, MI
Destination
IMT · Iron Mountain Kingsford, MI

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
62
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
January 3, 2019
Seat
Left
Restraint
4-point
Flight hours
15,196 total · 1,250 in this make and model · 14,696 as pilot in command · 40 in the last 90 days · 15 in the last 30 days

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
20° at 5 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
3,500 ft overcast
Temperature
12 °F, dew point -0 °F
Altimeter
30.19 inHg
Observed at
KIMT, 6 nm away

Docket · 2

The files NTSB released with the investigation on April 2, 2019, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 1.4 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.