CEN21LA040

NTSB accident investigation · Piper J3C · Weslaco, TX · November 3, 2020

Accident · Serious injuriesClass 3 · LimitedFinal report
Date
November 3, 2020, 17:53 local (23:53 UTC)
Place
Weslaco, TX · On airport
Injuries
1 serious, 1 minor
Phase of flight
Initial climb
Aircraft
N87715Piper J3CN6463HPiper J3C
Defining events
Initial climb: Midair collisionApproach-VFR go-around: Midair collision
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed
Report
Approved by Office Director
Investigation class
Class 3
NTSB office
Central Region
Parties
Federal Aviation Administration - San Antonio FSDO
Case key
102235

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot of N87715 inadvertently allowed his airplane to drift right of the runway during the climb after a touch-and-go landing, and the pilot of N6463H did not maintain adequate separation from the other airplane during his go-around. Contributing to the accident was the lack of two-way radio communication equipment in both airplanes.

Findings · 5

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

N87715 · Piper J3C

Performance/control parameters: heading/courseAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintainedPiper J3C-65: 1 caseAll aircraft: 82 casesProbable cause
Communications systemAircraft › Aircraft systems · Not installed/availablePiper J3C-65: 1 caseAll aircraft: 7 casesProbable cause
Use of equip/info: aircraft controlPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotPiper J3C-65: 43 casesAll aircraft: 9,295 casesProbable cause

N6463H · Piper J3C

Communications systemAircraft › Aircraft systems · Not installed/availablePiper J3C-65: 1 caseAll aircraft: 7 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

N87715 · Piper J3C

N6463H · Piper J3C

Analysis

The pilots of two Piper J3C-65 airplanes, N87715 and N6463H, were conducting personal flights in the airport traffic pattern when they collided inflight. The pilot of N87715 reported that during the climb following a touch-and-go landing, he inadvertently allowed the airplane’s ground track to drift right of the runway while his attention was diverted to the cockpit instruments, and his airplane collided with another airplane about 80 ft above the ground. The crash site was in a grass area located about 110 ft off the right side of runway. The pilot of N6463H reported that after turning from base leg to final approach, he realized that his airplane was too close to the airplane ahead of him (N87715) in the traffic pattern. He decided to go around and sidestepped to the right of the runway to provide separation from the other airplane. He maintained visual contact with the other airplane, keeping it at his 9-to-10 o’clock position and slightly below his position, as he continued his go-around. The pilot stated that shortly after he shifted his gaze to the right side of his airplane to assess if there were any additional impediments to his flight path, the other airplane “made an apparent right turn” and collided with his airplane. The pilot was unable to maintain control of his airplane after the collision and it descended to the ground intermingled with the other airplane. Neither airplane was equipped with an electrical system or handheld radio. The lack of two-way communication equipment limited the pilots’ ability to communicate their positions and intentions while operating in the airport traffic pattern.

Factual narrative

On November 3, 2020, about 1753 central standard time, two Piper J3C-65 airplanes, N87715 and N6463H, were substantially damaged during a midair collision at Mid Valley Airport (TXW), Weslaco, Texas. The student pilot flying N87715 was not injured, and the airline transport pilot flying N6463H sustained serious injuries. Both airplanes were operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flights. The pilot of N87715 reported that visual meteorological conditions prevailed during his local flight in the traffic pattern for runway 14 at TXW. He stated that on his third touch-and-go landing he made a normal wheel-landing and the airplane touched down about 1,000 ft from the approach end of the runway. After the airplane’s tailwheel contacted the runway he advanced the throttle to takeoff power and the airplane accelerated to liftoff speed. The pilot stated that the airplane became airborne about midfield and continued to climb over the runway. The pilot reported that the airplane’s ground track drifted to the right (west) while his attention was diverted to the cockpit instruments, and that his airplane collided with another airplane about 80 ft above the ground. The pilot reported that after the collision he was unable to maintain control of the airplane and that both airplanes descended intermingled to the ground. The crash site was in a grass area located about 110 ft off the right side of runway 14. The pilot of N6463H reported that he was operating in the airport traffic pattern for runway 14 with two other airplanes. He stated that after turning from base leg to final approach he realized that his airplane was too close to the airplane (N87715) ahead of him in the traffic pattern. The pilot decided to go-around and sidestepped to the right of runway 14 to provide separation from the other airplane. He maintained visual contact with the other airplane, keeping it at his 9-to-10 o’clock position and slightly below his position, as he continued his go-around. The pilot stated that shortly after he shifted his gaze to the right side of his airplane to assess if there were any additional impediments to his flight path, the other airplane “made an apparent right turn” and collided with his airplane. The pilot was unable to maintain control of his airplane after the collision and it descended to the ground intermingled with the other airplane. Neither airplane was equipped with an electrical system or handheld radio.

Aircraft · 2

Registration
N87715
Reported as
Piper J3C (65)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
15373
Built
1958
Airframe hours
4,393
Engine
Continental A-65-8, 65 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · October 25, 2020 · 2 hours before
Airport
TXW · Mid Valley Airport, runway 14, 6,002 × 75 ft, asphalt
Equipment
None

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Registration
N6463H
Reported as
Piper J3C (65)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
19641
Built
1946
Airframe hours
3,816
Engine
Continental C-85, 85 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · October 25, 2020
Equipment
None

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot, aircraft N87715
Age
40
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Student
Medical
Class 3, Without waivers/limitations
Seat
Rear
Flight hours
95 total · 40 as pilot in command · 35 in the last 90 days · 15 in the last 30 days · 2 in the last 24 hours
Role
Pilot, aircraft N6463H
Age
40
Injuries
Serious
Certificate
Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
January 25, 2020
Seat
Rear
Restraint
4-point
Flight hours
8,500 total · 50 in this make and model · 3,100 as pilot in command · 120 in the last 90 days · 35 in the last 30 days · 0 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
100° at 8 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
11,000 ft broken
Temperature
73 °F, dew point 54 °F
Altimeter
30.21 inHg
Observed at
TXW

Docket · 9

The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 22, 2023, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 3.6 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 2

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.