CEN21LA260

NTSB accident investigation · Piper PA-28-140 · Denton, TX · June 10, 2021

Accident · Minor injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal report
Date
June 9, 2021, 21:00 local (Jun 10, 2021, 02:00 UTC)
Place
Denton, TX
Injuries
1 minor, 2 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Initial climb
Aircraft
N4147JPiper PA-28-140
Defining event
Initial climb: Fuel starvation
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Night
Status
Completed
Report
Approved by Office Director
Investigation class
Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish
NTSB office
Central Region
Parties
FAA North Texas FSDO
FAA report
20210610006629A
Case key
103247

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The flight instructor and student pilot’s failure to properly manage the airplane’s available fuel resulting in fuel starvation.

Findings · 4

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Use of equip/info: use of equip/systemPersonnel issues › Task performance · Instructor/check pilotPiper PA-28-140: 16 casesAll aircraft: 1,391 casesProbable cause
Use of equip/info: use of equip/systemPersonnel issues › Task performance · Student/instructed pilotPiper PA-28-140: 16 casesAll aircraft: 1,391 casesProbable cause
Terrain: sloped/uneven terrainEnvironmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcomePiper PA-28-140: 4 casesAll aircraft: 270 cases
Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid managementPiper PA-28-140: 32 casesAll aircraft: 1,695 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The flight instructor reported that the student pilot was taking off following a touch and go landing and was about 5 seconds into the climb when the engine lost all power. The flight instructor took control of the airplane and attempted to restart the engine to no avail. He declared an emergency and chose to conduct a forced landing to an upsloping field. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage and left horizontal stabilizer. The fuel tanks were intact. A Federal Aviation Inspector, who conducted a postaccident examination of the airplane at the scene, reported that the left fuel tank was completely empty, and the 25-gallon capacity right fuel tank was found about ½ full. The fuel selector was in the “Off” position. No other preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane were found that would have precluded normal operation. The flight instructor reported that they had purchased 20 gallons of fuel prior to the flight. They flew the airplane to another airport where they did a touch-an-go-landing, before flying back to their home airport where they did another touch and go landing. It was during the climb following that touch and go landing when the engine lost all power. The flight instructor could not recall which fuel tank was selected at the time of the power loss. Given this information, it is likely that the left fuel tank was selected and was exhausted of fuel during the takeoff, which resulted in the total loss of engine power and subsequent forced landing.

Aircraft

Registration
N4147J
Reported as
Piper PA-28-140
Category
Airplane
Serial number
28-22471
Built
1966
Airframe hours
2,000
Engine
Lycoming O-320, 160 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Registered owner
Joseph Starnes
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · March 1, 2021
Destination
Same as departure
Flight plan
VFR
Airport
DTO · Denton Enterprise Airport
Equipment
ADS-B

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Flight instructor
Age
28
Injuries
None
Certificates
Flight instructor, Private, Commercial
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
March 11, 2021
Seat
Right
Restraint
Lap only
Flight hours
499 total · 100 in this make and model · 100 in the last 90 days · 30 in the last 30 days · 1 in the last 24 hours
Role
Student pilot
Age
20
Injuries
None
Certificate
Student
Medical
Class 3, Without waivers/limitations
Seat
Left
Restraint
Lap only
Flight hours
50 total · 10 in this make and model

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Night
Wind
150° at 7 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
84 °F, dew point 73 °F
Altimeter
29.91 inHg
Observed at
KDTO
METAR
KDTO 100153Z 15007KT 10SM CLR 29/23 A2991 RMK AO2 SLP119 T02940233

Docket · 4

The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 10, 2021, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 4.8 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.

Other investigations on N4147J · 1

Matched to the same aircraft by N-number and date.