DCA13CA065

NTSB accident investigation · Boeing 757-232 · Atlanta, GA · March 8, 2013

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
March 7, 2013, 19:21 local (Mar 8, 2013, 00:21 UTC)
Place
Atlanta, GA
Injuries
148 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N698DLBoeing 757-232
Defining event
Landing-flare/touchdown: Tailstrike
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Dusk
Status
Completed · report February 26, 2014
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Major Investigations Division
FAA report
20130307006499A
Case key
86416

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

the pilot's failure to maintain correct airspeed and pitch attitude at touchdown.

Findings · 1

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Action: incorrect action performancePersonnel issues › Action/decision · Flight crewBoeing 757-232: 1 caseAll aircraft: 1,386 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

On March 7, 2013, at 19:21 Eastern Standard Time, a Boeing 757-200, registration N698DL, operated by Delta Air Lines as flight 1693 from Orange County Airport, Santa Ana, California (KSNA) to the Hartsfield Jackson International Airport, Atlanta, Georgia (KATL), experienced a tailstrike while landing on runway 28. The aircraft was substantially damaged, and there were no injuries to the 2 flight crew, 4 flight attendants, or 142 passengers. Weather at the time of the event was reported as winds from 340 degrees at 6 knots, clear skies and 10 miles visibility. According to the flight crew, the preflight, departure and enroute segments of the flight were normal. The approach was flown with a Vref speed of 129 knots and 25 degrees of flap. Upon landing, the first officer called "speedbrakes not activated" and manually deployed the speedbrakes. The captain reported he felt the airplane "float" and attempted to maintain landing attitude. FDR data indicated that the airplane made an initial touchdown, followed by a brief gear squat switch deactivation, consistent with a slight bounce or light touchdown; the speedbrakes were then manually deployed. Airspeed decayed to approximately 115 knots and pitch attitude increased to about 11 degrees. The Delta 757/767 Flight Crew Training Manual specifies that contact with the runway is possible with pitch attitude greater than 10.5 degrees, with flaps 25 and airspeed of 10 knots below Vref. The airplane rolled out and taxied to the gate uneventfully. While preparing the aircraft for the next flight the flight crew was informed by maintenance personnel of damage to the tail section of the aircraft. Aircraft inspection revealed an 8 foot scrape on the lower aft fuselage, damage to several stringers and buckling of the aft pressurization dome.

Factual narrative

On March 7, 2013, at 19:21 Eastern Standard Time, a Boeing 757-200, registration N698DL, operated by Delta Air Lines as flight 1693 from Orange County Airport, Santa Ana, California (KSNA) to the Hartsfield Jackson International Airport, Atlanta, Georgia (KATL), experienced a tailstrike while landing on runway 28. The aircraft was substantially damaged, and there were no injuries to the 2 flight crew, 4 flight attendants, or 142 passengers. Weather at the time of the event was reported as winds from 340 degrees at 6 knots, clear skies and 10 miles visibility.According to the flight crew, the preflight, departure and enroute segments of the flight were normal. The approach was flown with a Vref speed of 129 knots and 25 degrees of flap. Upon landing, the first officer called "speedbrakes not activated" and manually deployed the speedbrakes. The captain reported he felt the airplane "float" and attempted to maintain landing attitude. FDR data indicated that the airplane made an initial touchdown, followed by a brief gear squat switch deactivation, consistent with a slight bounce or light touchdown; the speedbrakes were then manually deployed. Airspeed decayed to approximately 115 knots and pitch attitude increased to about 11 degrees. The Delta 757/767 Flight Crew Training Manual specifies that contact with the runway is possible with pitch attitude greater than 10.5 degrees, with flaps 25 and airspeed of 10 knots below Vref. The airplane rolled out and taxied to the gate uneventfully. While preparing the aircraft for the next flight the flight crew was informed by maintenance personnel of damage to the tail section of the aircraft. Aircraft inspection revealed an 8 foot scrape on the lower aft fuselage, damage to several stringers and buckling of the aft pressurization dome.

Aircraft

Registration
N698DL
Reported as
Boeing 757-232
Category
Airplane
Serial number
29911
Airframe hours
46,669
Engines
P & W PW2037, 37,530 lbs thrust, turbo fanP & W PW2037, 37,530 lbs thrust, turbo fan
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Part 121
Operator
Delta Air Lines Inc
Registered owner
Delta Air Lines Inc
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Transport
Last inspection
Continuous airworthiness · February 12, 2013
Departed
KSNA · Santa Ana, CA
Destination
KATL · Atlanta, GA
Flight plan
IFR
Airport
KATL · Hartsfield/Jackson, runway 28, 9,000 × 150 ft, concrete

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
62
Injuries
None
Certificate
Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
January 4, 2013
Seat
Left
Flight hours
14,013 total · 2,018 in this make and model · 135 in the last 90 days · 9 in the last 30 days
Role
Co-pilot
Age
48
Injuries
None
Certificate
Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1
Seat
Right
Flight hours
4,601 total · 158 in this make and model

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Dusk
Wind
340° at 6 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Temperature
46 °F, dew point 28 °F
Altimeter
30.22 inHg
Observed at
KATL

Docket · 5

The files NTSB released with the investigation on January 31, 2014, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 4.4 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.