DCA14CA034

NTSB accident investigation · Boeing 737 · Las Vegas, NV · January 4, 2014

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
January 3, 2014, 17:20 local (Jan 4, 2014, 01:20 UTC)
Place
Las Vegas, NV
Injuries
180 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N8327ABoeing 737
Defining event
Landing-flare/touchdown: Tailstrike
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Night
Status
Completed · report March 9, 2018
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Major Investigations Division
FAA report
20140103002969A
Case key
88654

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

the captain's over rotation during the bounced landing.

Findings · 1

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Action: incorrect action performancePersonnel issues › Action/decision · PilotBoeing 737-8H4: 4 casesAll aircraft: 1,386 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

TailstrikeLanding-flare/touchdownBoeing 737-8H4: 1 caseAll aircraft: 124 casesDefining event

Analysis

On January 3, 2014, at approximately 1930 pacific standard time, Southwest Airlines flight 2516, a Boeing 737-800, N8327A, experienced a tail strike during landing at McCarran International Airport (KLAS), Las Vegas, Nevada. There were no injuries to the 180 passengers and crew onboard and the airplane was substantially damaged. The flight was operating as a regularly scheduled passenger flight and originated from Orlando International Airport (KMCO), Orlando, Florida. According to the operator, the captain was the pilot flying and the first officer (FO) was the pilot monitoring. The accident flight was the first and only scheduled flight for the day for both crew members. Both pilots indicated that takeoff through the initial descent was uneventful. The aircraft was configured for a flaps 30 landing. During the ILS approach to runway 25L, the captain used the Heads-up Guidance System (HGS) in the IMC mode. During the decent below 100 feet, the FO indicated that the runway environment was dark and sensed the runway was "coming close fast". He noted a slightly increased descent rate and before he could make a callout, the captain had begun to take corrective action. During the descent, the captain stated he was hand flying the airplane (autopilot and autothrottles were off) and used the localizer, glideslope and flare cues from the HGS. At approximately 30 feet, he transitioned from the HGS to the runway environment, noting it appeared "pitch black." He then noticed the runway edge lights and what appeared to be an increased sink rate. Both pilots indicated the airplane touched down firm, then bounced, and the second touch down was harder than the first. Neither were aware that they had struck the tail. The captain did not recall seeing a tail strike warning indication from the HGS. Post flight inspection revealed that the tail strike indicator was compressed and deep scrapes and wear damage to the lower aft fuselage skin. Further investigation revealed multiple fractured frames and buckled stringers, shear ties and straps.

Factual narrative

On January 3, 2014, at approximately 1930 pacific standard time, Southwest Airlines flight 2516, a Boeing 737-800, N8327A, experienced a tail strike during landing at McCarran International Airport (KLAS), Las Vegas, Nevada. There were no injuries to the 180 passengers and crew onboard and the airplane was substantially damaged. The flight was operating as a regularly scheduled passenger flight and originated from Orlando International Airport (KMCO), Orlando, Florida. According to the operator, the captain was the pilot flying and the first officer (FO) was the pilot monitoring. The accident flight was the first and only scheduled flight for the day for both crew members. Both pilots indicated that takeoff through the initial descent was uneventful. The aircraft was configured for a flaps 30 landing. During the ILS approach to runway 25L, the captain used the Heads-up Guidance System (HGS) in the IMC mode. During the decent below 100 feet, the FO indicated that the runway environment was dark and sensed the runway was "coming close fast". He noted a slightly increased descent rate and before he could make a callout, the captain had begun to take corrective action. During the descent, the captain stated he was hand flying the airplane (autopilot and autothrottles were off) and used the localizer, glideslope and flare cues from the HGS. At approximately 30 feet, he transitioned from the HGS to the runway environment, noting it appeared "pitch black." He then noticed the runway edge lights and what appeared to be an increased sink rate. Both pilots indicated the airplane touched down firm, then bounced, and the second touch down was harder than the first. Neither were aware that they had struck the tail. The captain did not recall seeing a tail strike warning indication from the HGS. Post flight inspection revealed that the tail strike indicator was compressed and deep scrapes and wear damage to the lower aft fuselage skin. Further investigation revealed multiple fractured frames and buckled stringers, shear ties and straps.

Aircraft

Registration
N8327A
Reported as
Boeing 737 (8H4)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
38818
Engines
CFM CFM56-7, turbo fanCFM CFM56-7, turbo fan
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Part 121
Operator
Southwest Airlines Co
Registered owner
Southwest Airlines Co
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Transport
Departed
MCO · Orlando, FL
Destination
LAS · Las Vegas, NV
Airport
LAS · Mc Carran Intl, runway 25L, 10,525 × 150 ft, concrete
Equipment
Heads up display, Stall warning system, Auto-pilot, Data recorder, Electronic multifunction display, Electronic primary flight display

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
54
Injuries
None
Certificate
Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
March 20, 2013
Seat
Left
Restraint
4-point
Flight hours
14,111 total · 9,200 in this make and model · 2,197 as pilot in command · 140 in the last 90 days · 45 in the last 30 days · 5 in the last 24 hours
Role
Co-pilot
Age
43
Injuries
None
Certificate
Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
April 30, 2013
Seat
Right
Restraint
4-point
Flight hours
8,000 total · 3,200 in this make and model · 3,500 as pilot in command · 145 in the last 90 days · 5 in the last 30 days · 0 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Night
Wind
190° at 7 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
25,000 ft broken
Temperature
54 °F, dew point 59 °F
Altimeter
29.90 inHg
Observed at
KLAS

Docket · 1

The files NTSB released with the investigation on July 21, 2021, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 347 KB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.