- Date
- July 17, 1996, 20:31 local (Jul 18, 1996, 00:31 UTC)
- Place
- East Moriches, NY
- Injuries
- 230 fatal
- Damage
- Destroyed
- Phase of flight
- Enroute
- Aircraft
- N93119Boeing 747-131
- Weather
- Visual (VMC) · Dusk
- Status
- Completed · report August 23, 2000
- Report
- Board-adopted at Board Meeting
- Investigation class
- Class 1
- NTSB office
- Major Investigations Division
- Safety recommendations
- Yes
- FAA report
- 19960718017929A
- Case key
- 11011
From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.
On this page
Probable cause
An explosion of the center wing fuel tank (CWT), resulting from ignition of the flammable fuel/air mixture in the tank. The source of ignition energy for the explosion could not be determined with certainty, but, of the sources evaluated by the investigation, the most likely was a short circuit outside of the CWT that allowed excessive voltage to enter it through electrical wiring associated with the fuel quantity indication system. Contributing factors to the accident were the design and certification concept that fuel tank explosions could be prevented solely by precluding all ignition sources and the design and certification of the Boeing 747 with heat sources located beneath the CWT with no means to reduce the heat transferred into the CWT or to render the fuel vapor in the tank nonflammable.
Sequence of events
NTSB’s coding before 2008: each occurrence and phase of flight, and the causes and factors under it. The codes are defined in NTSB’s coding manual.
Analysis
On July 17, 1996, about 2031 eastern daylight time, Trans World Airlines, Inc. (TWA) flight 800, a Boeing 747-131, N93119, crashed in the Atlantic Ocean near East Moriches, New York. TWA flight 800 was operating under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121 as a scheduled international passenger flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), New York, New York, to Charles DeGaulle International Airport, Paris, France. The flight departed JFK about 2019, with 2 pilots, 2 flight engineers, 14 flight attendants, and 212 passengers on board. All 230 people on board were killed, and the airplane was destroyed. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the flight, which operated on an instrument flight rules flight plan. The investigation revealed that the crash occurred as the result of a fuel/air explosion in the airplane's center wing fuel tank (CWT) and the subsequent in-flight breakup of the airplane. The investigation further revealed that the ignition energy for the CWT explosion most likely entered the CWT through the fuel quantity indication system wiring; neither the ignition energy release mechanism nor the location of the ignition inside the CWT could be determined from the available evidence. There was no evidence of a missile or bomb detonation. For more information please see National Transportation Safety Board Aviation Accident Report NTSB/AAR-00/03.
Factual narrative
On July 17, 1996, at 2031 EDT, a Boeing 747-131, N93119, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean, about 8 miles south of East Moriches, New York, after taking off from John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK). The airplane was being operated on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan under the provisions of Title 14, Code of Federal Regulation (CFR), Part 121, on a regularly scheduled flight to Charles De Gaulle International Airport (CDG), Paris, France, as Trans World Airlines (TWA) Flight 800. Witnesses saw an explosion and then debris descending to the ocean. The flightcrew did not report a problem to air traffic control. The airplane was manufactured in November 1971. It had accumulated about 93,303 flight hours and 16,869 cycles. On board the airplane were 212 passengers and 18 crewmembers. The airplane was destroyed by explosion, fire, and impact forces with the ocean. All 230 people aboard were killed.
On August 23, 2000, the National Transportation Safety Board adopted a final report on this accident. The report is identified as NTSB report number AAR-00/03.
Aircraft
- Registration
- N93119
- Reported as
- Boeing 747-131
- Category
- Airplane
- Serial number
- 20083
- Airframe hours
- 27,767
- Engine
- P&W JT9D-7AH, 45,500 lbs thrust, turbo fan
- Damage
- Destroyed
- Fire
- In-Flight
- Flight
- Part 121
- Registered owner
- Trans World Airlines
- Airworthiness certificate
- Standard, Transport
- Last inspection
- Continuous airworthiness · July 13, 1996 · 100 hours before
- Departed
- JFK · Jfk Internation, NY
- Destination
- CDG · Paris
- Flight plan
- IFR
Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.
Flight crew · 4
As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.
- Role
- Pilot
- Age
- 57
- Certificate
- Airline transport
- Airplane ratings
- Multi-engine land
- Instrument ratings
- Airplane
- Medical
- Class 1, Valid Medical--no waivers/lim.
- Seat
- Right
- Toxicology
- Performed
- Flight hours
- 17,000 total · 4,700 in this make and model
- Role
- Co-pilot
- Age
- 58
- Injuries
- Fatal
- Certificate
- Airline transport
- Airplane ratings
- Multi-engine land
- Medical
- Class 1, With waivers/limitations
- Last flight review
- June 19, 1996
- Seat
- Left
- Toxicology
- Performed
- Flight hours
- 18,800 total · 5,490 in this make and model
- Role
- Other flight crew
- Age
- 63
- Injuries
- Fatal
- Certificates
- Airline transport, Flight engineer
- Airplane ratings
- Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
- Instrument ratings
- Airplane
- Medical
- Class 1, With waivers/limitations
- Seat
- Center
- Toxicology
- Performed
- Role
- Flight engineer
- Age
- 25
- Injuries
- Fatal
- Certificates
- Flight engineer, Airline transport
- Medical
- Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
- Seat
- Rear
- Toxicology
- Performed
Weather
- Conditions
- Visual (VMC) · Dusk
- Wind
- Calm
- Visibility
- 6 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling
- None
- Temperature
- 72 °F, dew point 66 °F
- Altimeter
- 30.00 inHg
- Observed at
- FOK, 12 nm away
Docket · 3,412
The files NTSB released with the investigation on September 1, 2000, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 810 MB in all.
FAA reports on this event · 1
The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.