ERA09CA539

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 172 · Factoryville, PA · September 27, 2009

Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
September 27, 2009, 13:30 local (17:30 UTC)
Place
Factoryville, PA
Injuries
1 minor, 1 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N5123ECessna 172
Defining event
Landing-landing roll: Runway excursion
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report March 3, 2010
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Eastern Region Aviation
Parties
FAA/FSDO
FAA report
20090927017429A
Case key
74821

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The flight instructor's delayed decision to take control of the airplane and execute a missed approach. Contributing to the accident was the lack of communication between the certificated flight instructor and the pilot receiving instruction.

Findings · 2

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Action: delayed actionPersonnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilotCessna 172N: 19 casesAll aircraft: 894 casesProbable cause
Communication (personnel): lack of communicationPersonnel issues › Task performance · Flight crewCessna 172N: 4 casesAll aircraft: 84 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The certificated flight instructor (CFI) and private pilot receiving instruction were conducting an instrument approach to a 2,500-foot long runway in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). The pilot receiving instruction was at the controls. As the airplane reached the minimum descent altitude, the pilot initiated a circle-to-land on the opposite runway. The CFI then said, "no," took control of the airplane, and conducted a "steep" turn to land on the approach runway. The pilot stated that they "had too much airspeed and floated almost halfway down the runway." Upon touchdown, the pilot reported "hydroplaning" on the wet runway. The airplane departed the end of the runway, slid down a grassy hill, and came to rest in a ditch, resulting in substantial damage to the firewall. The CFI stated "there was some confusion" regarding who was at the controls during touchdown, and he "should have taken over sooner" than he did. The pilot and the CFI reported no mechanical malfunctions or failures. The nearest weather reporting station, located approximately 15 nautical miles north of the accident site, reported winds from 310 degrees at 3 knots and 10 miles visibility around the time of the accident. The report also indicated that rain had ended about 15 minutes prior to the accident.

Factual narrative

The certificated flight instructor (CFI) and private pilot receiving instruction were conducting an instrument approach to a 2,500-foot long runway in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). The pilot receiving instruction was at the controls. As the airplane reached the minimum descent altitude, the pilot initiated a circle-to-land on the opposite runway. The CFI then said, "no," took control of the airplane, and conducted a "steep" turn to land on the approach runway. The pilot stated that they "had too much airspeed and floated almost halfway down the runway." Upon touchdown, the pilot reported "hydroplaning" on the wet runway. The airplane departed the end of the runway, slid down a grassy hill, and came to rest in a ditch, resulting in substantial damage to the firewall. The CFI stated "there was some confusion" regarding who was at the controls during touchdown, and he "should have taken over sooner" than he did. The pilot and the CFI reported no mechanical malfunctions or failures. The nearest weather reporting station, located approximately 15 nautical miles north of the accident site, reported winds from 310 degrees at 3 knots and 10 miles visibility around the time of the accident. The report also indicated that rain had ended about 15 minutes prior to the accident.

Aircraft

Registration
N5123E
Reported as
Cessna 172
Category
Airplane
Serial number
71722
Airframe hours
8,287
Engine
Lycoming O-320, 160 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Operator
Yankoski Robert D
Registered owner
Yankoski Robert D
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · July 20, 2009
Departed
SEG · Selinsgrove, PA
Destination
9N3 · Factoryville, PA
Flight plan
IFR
Airport
9N3 · Seamans Field, runway 04, 2,500 × 50 ft, asphalt

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
45
Injuries
None
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Medical
Class 3, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
October 15, 2007
Seat
Left
Flight hours
190 total · 190 in this make and model · 138 as pilot in command · 25 in the last 90 days · 12 in the last 30 days
Role
Flight instructor
Age
57
Injuries
Minor
Certificates
Commercial, Flight instructor
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
July 1, 2009
Seat
Right
Flight hours
8,000 total · 3,000 in this make and model · 7,800 as pilot in command · 200 in the last 90 days · 60 in the last 30 days · 15 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
310° at 3 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
1,800 ft overcast
Temperature
64 °F, dew point 61 °F
Altimeter
29.56 inHg
Observed at
AVP, 15 nm away

Docket · 5

The files NTSB released with the investigation on December 3, 2009, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 1.5 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.