ERA10CA016

NTSB accident investigation · Piper PA28 · Meadville, PA · October 13, 2009

Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
October 13, 2009, 09:52 local (13:52 UTC)
Place
Meadville, PA
Injuries
1 minor
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Enroute
Aircraft
N8886EPiper PA28
Defining event
Enroute-descent: Fuel exhaustion
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report March 3, 2010
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Eastern Region Aviation
FAA report
20091013022149A
Case key
74898

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

A loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion as a result of the pilot's inadequate fuel planning.

Findings · 2

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Planning/preparation: fuel planningPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotPiper PA-28-140: 18 casesAll aircraft: 719 casesProbable cause
Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid levelPiper PA-28-140: 32 casesAll aircraft: 1,695 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot, who was operating on an instrument-flight-rules flight plan, filed for an altitude of 6,000 feet and a flight time of 5 hours. He stated that the airplane contained 50 gallons of fuel, of which 48 gallons were usable, "enough for 6 hours of endurance." The pilot reported that, approximately 10 nautical miles from his destination, he noticed that the left fuel gauge indicated "empty" and the right fuel gauge was "just above empty." He estimated that he had "about 6 gallons." Shortly after, at 3,200 feet, the engine lost power. When he regained visual contact with the ground at approximately 2,500 feet, the pilot noticed a baseball field to his right "less than a half mile away" and attempted to turn towards it. During the turn, the airplane "lost altitude quickly and the right wing struck a tree." The airplane sustained substantial damage to the right wing. The engine, engine mounts, and firewall were pushed aft into the instrument panel, and the upper fuselage was buckled. A Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector who responded to the accident scene reported that the fuel tanks and fuel lines were dry, and the propeller exhibited no signs of rotation on impact. The engine could be rotated by hand, and compression was obtained on all cylinders. The pilot and the FAA inspector both reported no mechanical malfunctions. According to information obtained from the airplane's FAA-approved flight manual, the engine consumed approximately 8.4 gallons per hour at 75% power when leaned to the manufacturer's specifications. The pilot stated that he was aware of strong headwinds forecasted for his route of flight, but they were about what he had expected and planned for during his preflight calculations.

Factual narrative

The pilot was operating on an instrument flight rules flight plan, filed for an altitude of 6,000 feet and a flight time of 5 hours. He stated that the airplane contained 50 gallons of fuel, of which 48 gallons were usable, "enough for 6 hours of endurance." The pilot reported that approximately 10 nautical miles from his destination, he noticed that the left fuel gauge indicated "empty" and the right fuel gauge was "just above empty." He estimated that he had "about 6 gallons." Shortly after, at 3,200 feet, the engine "quit." When he regained visual contact with the ground at approximately 2,500 feet, the pilot noticed a baseball field to his right "less than a half mile away" and attempted to turn towards it. During the turn, the airplane "lost altitude quickly and the right wing struck a tree." The airplane sustained substantial damage to the right wing. The engine, engine mounts, and firewall were pushed aft into the instrument panel, and the upper fuselage was buckled. A Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector who responded to the accident scene reported that the fuel tanks and fuel lines were dry, and the propeller exhibited no signs of rotation on impact. The engine could be rotated by hand, and compression was obtained on all cylinders. The pilot and the FAA inspector both reported no mechanical malfunctions. According to information obtained from the airplane's FAA-approved flight manual, the engine consumed approximately 8.4 gallons per hour at 75% power, when leaned to the manufacturer's specifications. The pilot stated that he was aware of strong headwinds forecasted for his route of flight, but they were about what he had expected and planned for during his pre-flight calculations.

Aircraft

Registration
N8886E
Reported as
Piper PA28 (140)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
28-7625164
Airframe hours
6,579
Engine
Lycoming O320, 150 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Operator
John T. Bouley
Registered owner
John T. Bouley
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · September 11, 2009
Departed
7B9 · Ellington, CT
Destination
GKJ · Meadville, PA
Flight plan
IFR

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
61
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 3, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
August 24, 2008
Seat
Left
Flight hours
1,800 total · 1,730 in this make and model · 1,575 as pilot in command · 27 in the last 90 days · 15 in the last 30 days

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
Variable at 5 knots
Visibility
9 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
1,600 ft overcast
Temperature
46 °F, dew point 43 °F
Altimeter
30.14 inHg
Observed at
GKJ, 5 nm away

Docket · 3

The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 13, 2009, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 664 KB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.