ERA14LA170

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 421 · Charleston, SC · March 20, 2014

Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
March 20, 2014, 12:05 local (16:05 UTC)
Place
Charleston, SC
Injuries
3 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N5929MCessna 421
Defining event
Landing-landing roll: Landing gear collapse
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report February 17, 2016
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Eastern Region Aviation
Parties
Textron Aviation, FAA/FSDO
FAA report
20140320004709A
Case key
88966

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

Inadequate maintenance, which resulted in the collapse of the right main landing gear during landing.

Findings · 3

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Maintenance: scheduled/routine maintenancePersonnel issues › Task performance · Maintenance personnelCessna 421B: 2 casesAll aircraft: 320 casesProbable cause
Landing gear system: main landing gear attach secAircraft › Aircraft systems · Incorrect service/maintenanceCessna 421B: 1 caseAll aircraft: 66 casesProbable cause
Object/animal/substance: runway/taxi/approach lightEnvironmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcomeCessna 421B: 1 caseAll aircraft: 106 cases

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The commercial pilot was concluding a personal flight with two passengers on board. The pilot reported that, during the landing roll and after a normal touchdown on the concrete runway, the right main landing gear (MLG) collapsed. The airplane then veered right and struck two runway lights, which resulted in substantial damage to the right wing rear spar. Examination of the airplane revealed that the right MLG down-lock bellcrank was fractured and had separated from its respective trunnion. The bellcrank bolt was sheared at the bolt head, consistent with overload. The upper end of the bellcrank remained attached to the outboard push-pull tube. The lower end of the bellcrank, which attached to the rod end fitting at the lower side link, was broken, consistent with a ductile tension failure. The fracture location was consistent with additional stress that would have been placed on the bellcrank if the landing gear was not properly rigged; however, damage to the landing gear precluded the ability to functionally check or verify whether the gear was properly rigged. Review of maintenance records revealed that the airplane had been operated for about 4 hours since its most recent annual inspection, which was performed about 2 months before the accident. At that time, maintenance, including the adjustment of the right MLG travel, was performed on the airplane.

Factual narrative

On March 20, 2014, about 1205 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 421B, N5929M, operated by a private individual, was substantially damaged while landing at the Charleston International Airport, Charleston, South Carolina. The commercial pilot and two passengers were not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and an instrument flight rules flight plan was filed for the flight that departed the Jim Hamilton L.B. Owens Airport, Columbia, South Carolina. The personal flight was conducted under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91.According to a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector, the airplane was landing on runway 3, a 7,000-foot-long, 150-foot-wide, concrete runway. The pilot reported that he confirmed the three landing gear indicators were "in the green" while on approach, and that he performed a normal touchdown. As the airplane began the landing roll, the right main landing gear collapsed. The airplane then veered to the right and struck two runway lights, which resulted in substantial damage to the right wing rear spar. Examination of the airplane by an FAA inspector revealed that the right main landing gear down lock bellcrank was fractured and had separated from its respective trunnion. The bellcrank bolt remained installed; however, it was sheared at the bolt head consistent with overload. The trunnion forward attach point for the bellcrank was broken and not recovered. The upper end of the bellcrank remained attached to the outboard push-pull tube. The lower end of the bellcrank which attached to the rod end fitting at the lower side link was broken consistent with a ductile tension failure. Damage to the landing gear precluded the ability to functionally check or verify the landing gear system rigging. According to a representative from Cessna, the fracture location was consistent with the additional stresses that would have been placed on the bellcrank with the landing gear having not been properly rigged. Review of maintenance records revealed that the airplane had been operated for about 4 hours since its most recent annual inspection, which was performed on January 2, 2014. At that time, maintenance was performed on the airplane which included adjustment of the right main landing gear travel.

Aircraft

Registration
N5929M
Reported as
Cessna 421 (B)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
421B0312
Built
1972
Airframe hours
6,660
Engines
Cont Motor GTSIO-520-C, 374 horsepower, reciprocatingCont Motor GTSIO-520-C, 375 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · January 2, 2014 · 4 hours before
Departed
CUB · Columbia, SC
Destination
CHS · Charleston, SC
Flight plan
IFR
Airport
CHS · Charleston Afb/Intl, runway 03, 7,000 × 150 ft, concrete
Equipment
Stall warning system, Handheld GPS, Electronic multifunction display

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
61
Injuries
None
Certificate
Commercial
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
July 27, 2012
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
2,760 total · 1,665 in this make and model · 2,640 as pilot in command

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
330° at 11 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
25,000 ft broken
Temperature
153 °F, dew point 115 °F
Altimeter
30.06 inHg
Observed at
CHS

Docket · 5

The files NTSB released with the investigation on January 12, 2016, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 3.3 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.