ERA20CA176

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 402 · Hampton, GA · May 9, 2020

Accident · Minor injuriesClass 4 · Data collectionFinal report
Date
May 9, 2020, 15:13 local (19:13 UTC)
Place
Hampton, GA
Injuries
2 minor
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Emergency descent
Aircraft
N4661NCessna 402
Defining event
Emergency descent: Fuel exhaustion
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed
Report
Approved by Office Director
Investigation class
Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish
NTSB office
Eastern Region Aviation
Parties
FAA/FSDO
FAA report
20200509004869A
Case key
101257

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

A dual total loss of engine power as a result of fuel exhaustion.

Findings · 1

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid managementCessna 402C: 1 caseAll aircraft: 1,695 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

According the commercial pilot and a flight instructor rated check pilot, they were conducting their first long-duration, aerial observation flight in the multiengine airplane, which was recently acquired by the operator. They departed with full fuel tanks, competed the 5-hour aerial observation portion of the flight, and began to return to the destination airport. About 15 miles from the airport, the left engine fuel warning light illuminated. Within a few seconds, the right engine stopped producing power. They attempted to restart the engine and turned the airplane toward an alternate airport that was closer. The pilots then turned on the electric fuel pump, the right engine began surging, and soon after the left engine stopped producing power. They turned both electric fuel pumps to the low setting, both engines continued to surge, and the pilots continued toward the alternate airport. When they were about 3 miles from the airport, both engines lost total power, and they elected to land on a highway. When they were a few feet above the ground, power returned briefly to the left engine, which resulted in the airplane climbing and beginning to roll. The commercial pilot pulled the yoke aft to avoid a highway sign, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall, and subsequent impact with trees and terrain. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the wings and fuselage. Although both pilots reported the fuel gauges indicated 20 gallons of fuel remaining on each side when the engines stopped producing power, the flight instructor noted that there was no fuel in the airplane at the time of the accident. In addition, according to a Federal Aviation Administration inspector who responded to the accident site, both fuel tanks were breached and there was no evidence of fuel spillage.

Factual narrative

According the commercial pilot and a flight instructor rated check pilot, they were conducting their first long-duration, aerial observation flight in the multiengine airplane, which was recently acquired by the operator. They departed with full fuel tanks, competed the 5-hour aerial observation portion of the flight, and began to return to the destination airport. About 15 miles from the airport, the left engine fuel warning light illuminated. Within a few seconds, the right engine stopped producing power. They attempted to restart the engine and turned the airplane toward an alternate airport that was closer. The pilots then turned on the electric fuel pump, the right engine began surging, and soon after the left engine stopped producing power. They turned both electric fuel pumps to the low setting, both engines continued to surge, and the pilots continued toward the alternate airport. When they were about 3 miles from the airport, both engines lost total power, and they elected to land on a highway. When they were a few feet above the ground, power returned briefly to the left engine, which resulted in the airplane climbing and beginning to roll. The commercial pilot pulled the yoke aft to avoid a highway sign, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall, and subsequent impact with trees and terrain. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the wings and fuselage. Although both pilots reported the fuel gauges indicated 20 gallons of fuel remaining on each side when the engines stopped producing power, the flight instructor noted that there was no fuel in the airplane at the time of the accident. In addition, according to a Federal Aviation Administration inspector who responded to the accident site, both fuel tanks were breached and there was no evidence of fuel spillage.

Aircraft

Registration
N4661N
Reported as
Cessna 402 (C)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
402C0019
Built
1978
Airframe hours
17,081
Engines
Continental TSIO-520 SER, 325 horsepower, reciprocatingContinental TSIO-520 SER, 325 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Aerial observation · Part 91
Operator
Handel International, LLC
Registered owner
Aircraft Guaranty Corp Trustee
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · February 27, 2020
Departed
FFC · Atlanta, GA
Destination
FFC · Atlanta, GA
Airport
HMP · Henry County Airport, runway 24, 5,500 × 75 ft, asphalt
Equipment
ADS-B, Auto-pilot, Electronic flight bag or handheld device, Stall warning system

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Flight instructor
Age
70
Injuries
Minor
Certificates
Commercial, Flight instructor
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
December 18, 2019
Seat
Right
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
7,330 total · 11 in this make and model · 7,300 as pilot in command · 75 in the last 90 days · 22 in the last 30 days · 6 in the last 24 hours
Role
Pilot
Age
26
Injuries
Minor
Certificates
Commercial, Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
September 10, 2018
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
1,096 total · 5.9 in this make and model · 934.2 as pilot in command · 272.7 in the last 90 days · 23.3 in the last 30 days · 5.9 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
320° at 5 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
63 °F, dew point 30 °F
Altimeter
30.21 inHg
Observed at
HMP, 2 nm away

Docket · 6

The files NTSB released with the investigation on October 9, 2020, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 13.5 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.