ERA23LA018

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 310 · Middlefield, OH · October 13, 2022

Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal report
Date
October 13, 2022, 09:30 UTC
Place
Middlefield, OH
Injuries
1 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Enroute
Aircraft
N62368Cessna 310
Defining event
Enroute-descent: Fuel exhaustion
Weather
Instrument (IMC) · Night
Status
Completed
Report
Approved by Office Director
Investigation class
Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish
NTSB office
Eastern Region Aviation
Parties
FAA/FSDO
FAA report
20221013013829A
Case key
106123

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The pilot’s inadequate fuel planning and inflight fuel management which resulted in exhaustion of his fuel supply and a forced landing.

Findings · 2

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid managementCessna 310R: 2 casesAll aircraft: 1,695 casesProbable cause
Planning/preparation: fuel planningPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotCessna 310R: 2 casesAll aircraft: 719 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot departed on the fifth and final leg of the evening’s flights with no cargo and an unknown quantity of fuel. He reported that he had to deviate due to weather along the route of flight, and that the right engine began running rough after reaching cruise altitude. About 2.2 hours into the planned 2-hour flight, and about 25 miles from the destination airport, both of the airplane’s engines began “surging” and eventually “stopped producing power.” The pilot stated that he looked at the fuel gauges and they indicated empty. The pilot completed a forced landing to horse pastures, during which the airplane impacted fences, resulting in substantial damage to the wings and the fuselage. There was no evidence of fuel, fuel spillage, or odor of fuel at the scene. The pilot stated that the accident flight was longer than planned due to headwinds and weather diversions. The pilot also explained that there were known discrepancies with the fuel gauges. He also described that there had been a difference between the amount of fuel he requested at one fuel stop, what was actually dispensed, and the total amount he believed was on board when he departed on the accident flight, as he did not get a receipt, or confirm the amount dispensed. Based on the pilot’s own fuel planning numbers, full tanks at initial departure, and the fuel purchased at 2 of his 4 stops, the airplane had a fuel endurance of about 6.8 hours, of which .8 hours was for IFR reserve minimums. The total time of the 5 legs was approximately 7.2 hours.

Aircraft

Registration
N62368
Reported as
Cessna 310 (R)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
310R0131
Built
1975
Airframe hours
12,370
Engines
Continental IO-520-MB, 285 horsepower, reciprocatingContinental IO-520-MB, 285 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Ferry · Part 135
Operator
Air Z Flying Services Inc
Registered owner
Air Z Flying Services Inc
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
100 hour · September 6, 2022
Departed
MMU · Morristown, NJ
Destination
CGF · Richmond Heights, OH
Flight plan
IFR
Airport
7G8
Equipment
Auto-pilot, Stall warning system

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
66
Injuries
None
Certificates
Airline transport, Flight engineer, Flight instructor
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
July 21, 2022
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
24,600 total · 162 in this make and model · 18,479 as pilot in command · 96.3 in the last 90 days · 6.7 in the last 30 days

Weather

Conditions
Instrument (IMC) · Night
Wind
Calm
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
1,000 ft broken
Temperature
54 °F, dew point 52 °F
Altimeter
29.66 inHg
Turbulence
Light
Observed at
CGF, 2 nm away
METAR
METAR KCGF 130935Z AUTO 10SM BKN010 BKN017 OVC022 12/11 A2966 RMK AO2 T01250111

Docket · 6

The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 31, 2023, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 7.8 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.