FTW96LA084

NTSB accident investigation · Learjet 60 · Aspen, CO · January 6, 1996

Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
January 6, 1996, 11:30 local (18:30 UTC)
Place
Aspen, CO
Injuries
2 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
XAICALearjet 60
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report July 17, 1996
Report
Approved by Office Director
Case key
19736

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The pilot's improper in-flight decision to continue with the landing when the runway had not been positively identified. Factors were the snow-covered runway and landing area, sun glare, and the inadequate snow removal by airport personnel.

Sequence of events

NTSB’s coding before 2008: each occurrence and phase of flight, and the causes and factors under it. The codes are defined in NTSB’s coding manual.

On ground/water encounter with terrain/waterLanding
In-flight planning/decision - improperPilot in commandCause
Proper touchdown point - not identifiedPilot in commandCause
Airport facilities,runway/landing area condition - snow coveredFactor
Light condition - sunglareFactor
Airport snow removal - inadequateAirport personnelFactor
Terrain condition - berm

Analysis

The captain said he aligned the airplane with what he thought was the runway centerline. The airplane touched down in a snow field 1,000 feet beyond the runway threshold and 25 feet to the right of runway centerline. The nose landing gear collapsed and, after traveling through several snow berms, the airplane skidded back onto the runway and came to a halt at the 4,000 foot mark. The captain said he was unable to positively identify the runway environment due to the blending of the snow-covered runway and surrounding terrain. The runway had been plowed and swept. The runway lights were covered with plowed snow and were not visible nor operating. Excess snow and dirt were dumped on the right side of the runway. The sun was bright and high in the sky. A NOTAM had been issued, noting that the runway was snow packed and covered with ice. Braking action was reported to be 'fair.'

Factual narrative

On January 6, 1996, at 1130 mountain standard time, a Learjet 60, XAICA, registered to the ICA Group, Mexico City, Mexico, sustained substantial damage during landing at Aspen, Colorado. The two commercial pilots were not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and an IFR flight plan had been filed for this business flight conducted under Title 14 CFR Part 91. The flight originated at El Paso, Texas, on January 6, 1996, at 1000.

In a telephone interview, the captain said he aligned the airplane with what he thought was the runway centerline. The airplane touched down in a snow field 1,000 feet beyond the runway threshold and 25 feet right of runway centerline. The nose landing gear collapsed and, after traveling through several snow berms, the airplane skidded back onto the runway and came to a halt at the 4,000 foot mark. The captain said he was unable to positively identify the runway environment due to the blending of the snow-covered runway and surrounding terrain.

NTSB Form 6120.1/2, Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, was sent to the crew for completion. Receipt of the document was acknowledged but, after numerous requests, was never returned.

The investigation revealed that the runway had been plowed and swept. The runway lights were covered with plowed snow and were not visible nor operating. Excess snow and dirt were dumped on the right side of the runway. The sun was bright and high in the sky. A NOTAM (Notice to Airmen) had been issued, noting that the runway was snow packed and covered with ice. Braking action was reported to be "fair."

Aircraft

Registration
XAICA
Reported as
Learjet 60
Category
Airplane
Serial number
60-027
Engine
P&W PW305A, 4,600 lbs thrust, turbo fan
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Business · Part 91
Registered owner
Ica Group
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Transport
Departed
ELP · El Paso, TX
Destination
ASE
Flight plan
IFR
Airport
ASE · Aspen-Pitkin County/Sardy, runway 15, 7,003 × 100 ft, asphalt

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Certificate
Commercial
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Unknown, Unknown
Seat
Left
Flight hours
450 in this make and model

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
120° at 3 knots
Visibility
30 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
18 °F, dew point 7 °F
Altimeter
30.00 inHg
Observed at
ASE