GAA16CA157

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 172 · Nashville, TN · March 20, 2016

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
March 20, 2016, 14:00 local (19:00 UTC)
Place
Nashville, TN
Injuries
4 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Approach
Aircraft
N118ETCessna 172
Defining event
Approach-VFR go-around: Tailstrike
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report May 3, 2016
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
Nashville FSDO (FAA)
FAA report
20160320002299A
Case key
92882

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot's excessive pitch up and incorrect action of selecting flaps to zero degrees, which resulted in a tail strike during a go-around in crosswind conditions.

Findings · 5

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Wing structure: trailing edge flapsAircraft › Aircraft structures · Incorrect use/operationCessna 172R: 1 caseAll aircraft: 33 casesProbable cause
Action: incorrect action selectionPersonnel issues › Action/decision · PilotCessna 172R: 4 casesAll aircraft: 397 casesProbable cause
Performance/control parameters: pitch controlAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Capability exceededCessna 172R: 8 casesAll aircraft: 526 casesProbable cause
Performance/control parameters: climb rateAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintainedCessna 172R: 2 casesAll aircraft: 265 cases
Wind: crosswindEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Ability to respond/compensateCessna 172R: 11 casesAll aircraft: 1,008 cases

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot reported that during landing in crosswind conditions, the airplane began to drift to the right over the runway lights in the landing flare. The pilot further reported that he determined "it was not safe to land" and applied full power to go-around and subsequently retracted the flaps from 30 degrees to zero degrees. During the go-around, he reported that the airplane was unable to gain airspeed or altitude and touched down in the grass next to the runway and aborted the go-around. Subsequently, the pilot taxied back onto the runway and proceeded to the ramp. A postaccident examination revealed substantial damage to elevator and rudder. The pilot reported that "he did not realize the angle of attack was severe enough" to cause a tail strike during the go-around. The Cessna 172R (180 HP) Pilot's Operating Handbook in part states: "In a balked landing (go-around) climb, reduce the flap setting to 20 degrees immediately after full power is applied. If obstacles must be cleared during the go-around climb, reduce the wing flap setting to 10 degrees and maintain a safe airspeed until the obstacles are cleared." The pilot reported that there were no mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Factual narrative

The pilot reported that during landing in crosswind conditions, the airplane began to drift to the right over the runway lights in the landing flare. The pilot further reported that he determined "it was not safe to land" and applied full power to go-around and subsequently retracted the flaps from 30 degrees to zero degrees. During the go-around, he reported that the airplane was unable to gain airspeed or altitude and touched down in the grass next to the runway and aborted the go-around. Subsequently, the pilot taxied back onto the runway and proceeded to the ramp. A postaccident examination revealed substantial damage to elevator and rudder. The pilot reported that "he did not realize the angle of attack was severe enough" to cause a tail strike during the go-around. The Cessna 172R (180 HP) Pilot's Operating Handbook in part states: "In a balked landing (go-around) climb, reduce the flap setting to 20 degrees immediately after full power is applied. If obstacles must be cleared during the go-around climb, reduce the wing flap setting to 10 degrees and maintain a safe airspeed until the obstacles are cleared." The pilot reported that there were no mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Aircraft

Registration
N118ET
Reported as
Cessna 172 (R)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
17280019
Built
1997
Airframe hours
2,012.5
Engine
Lycoming IO-360-L2A, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · March 4, 2016
Departed
JWN · Nashville, TN
Destination
JWN · Nashville, TN
Airport
JWN · John C Tune, runway 02, 6,001 × 100 ft, asphalt
Equipment
None

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
32
Injuries
None
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Medical
Class 3, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
November 3, 2015
Seat
Left
Restraint
None
Flight hours
59.2 total · 59.2 in this make and model · 18 as pilot in command

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
270° at 14 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
5,000 ft broken
Temperature
43 °F, dew point 21 °F
Altimeter
30.10 inHg
Turbulence
Moderate
Observed at
KJWN

Docket · 4

The files NTSB released with the investigation on April 27, 2016, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 2.1 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.