GAA16CA166

NTSB accident investigation · Piper J5A · Lake Harbor, FL · March 25, 2016

Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
March 25, 2016, 08:00 local (12:00 UTC)
Place
Lake Harbor, FL
Injuries
1 minor
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Maneuvering
Aircraft
N41239Piper J5A
Defining event
Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Aerodynamic stall/spin
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report May 3, 2016
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
South Florida FSDO (FAA)
FAA report
20160325002739A
Case key
92909

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot's exceedance of the critical angle of attack while maneuvering at low altitude, which resulted in an accelerated aerodynamic stall, spin, and impact with terrain.

Findings · 2

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Performance/control parameters: angle of attackAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Capability exceededPiper J5A: 1 caseAll aircraft: 990 casesProbable cause
Use of equip/info: aircraft controlPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotPiper J5A: 6 casesAll aircraft: 9,295 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot reported that the purpose of the flight was to maneuver at low altitude and chase birds away from designated fields. The pilot further reported that he had previously completed about 8 to 10 turns over the target field and during a steep "reversal turn" to the left the airplane impacted terrain. The pilot had no other recollection of the accident. According to a private pilot witness located about 700 feet from the accident airplane, he observed the accident airplane enter a "steep turn" to the left about 50 to 75 feet above the ground. The witness further reported that the airplane "stalled and spun into the ground", and that the engine noise became louder seconds before impact. The fuselage and both wings were substantially damaged. The Federal Aviation Administration Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge in part states: an airplane will "stall at a higher indicated airspeed when excessive maneuvering loads are imposed by steep turns, pull-ups, or other abrupt changes in its flight path." Stalls entered from such flight situations are called "accelerated maneuver stalls," a term, which has no reference to the airspeeds involved. Stalls which result from abrupt maneuvers tend to be more rapid, or severe, than the unaccelerated stalls, and because they occur at higher-than-normal airspeeds, and/or may occur at lower than anticipated pitch attitudes, they may be unexpected by an inexperienced pilot. Failure to take immediate steps toward recovery when an accelerated stall occurs may result in a complete loss of flight control, notably, power-on spins. The pilot did not report any mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Factual narrative

The pilot reported that the purpose of the flight was to maneuver at low altitude and chase birds away from designated fields. The pilot further reported that he had previously completed about 8 to 10 turns over the target field and during a steep "reversal turn" to the left the airplane impacted terrain. The pilot had no other recollection of the accident. According to a private pilot witness located about 700 feet from the accident airplane, he observed the accident airplane enter a "steep turn" to the left about 50 to 75 feet above the ground. The witness further reported that the airplane "stalled and spun into the ground", and that the engine noise became louder seconds before impact. The fuselage and both wings were substantially damaged. The Federal Aviation Administration Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge in part states: an airplane will "stall at a higher indicated airspeed when excessive maneuvering loads are imposed by steep turns, pull-ups, or other abrupt changes in its flight path." Stalls entered from such flight situations are called "accelerated maneuver stalls," a term, which has no reference to the airspeeds involved. Stalls which result from abrupt maneuvers tend to be more rapid, or severe, than the unaccelerated stalls, and because they occur at higher-than-normal airspeeds, and/or may occur at lower than anticipated pitch attitudes, they may be unexpected by an inexperienced pilot. Failure to take immediate steps toward recovery when an accelerated stall occurs may result in a complete loss of flight control, notably, power-on spins. The pilot did not report any mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Aircraft

Registration
N41239
Reported as
Piper J5A
Category
Airplane
Serial number
5-1293
Built
1941
Airframe hours
2,560.7
Engine
Continental C85-12P, 85 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Other work use · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · August 28, 2015
Departed
PHK · Pahokee, FL
Destination
PHK · Pahokee, FL
Equipment
None

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
68
Injuries
Minor
Certificates
Airline transport, Flight instructor
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Single-engine sea, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Helicopter, Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
November 12, 2015
Seat
Front
Restraint
4-point
Flight hours
11,215 total · 68 in this make and model · 9,000 as pilot in command

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
280° at 4 knots
Visibility
7 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
1,400 ft broken
Temperature
73 °F, dew point 72 °F
Altimeter
30.00 inHg
Observed at
KPBI, 37 nm away

Docket · 7

The files NTSB released with the investigation on April 28, 2016, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 2.8 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.