GAA17CA141

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 170 · Wheatland, WY · February 13, 2017

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
February 13, 2017, 14:50 local (21:50 UTC)
Place
Wheatland, WY
Injuries
3 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N1421DCessna 170
Defining event
Landing-landing roll: Loss of control on ground
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report April 10, 2017
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20170213001659A
Case key
94728

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The flight instructor’s incorrect compensation for the gusting crosswind during the landing roll, which resulted in a loss of directional control and runway excursion.

Findings · 5

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Performance/control parameters: directional controlAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintainedCessna 170A: 23 casesAll aircraft: 3,958 casesProbable cause
Wind: crosswindEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Response/compensationCessna 170A: 11 casesAll aircraft: 1,008 casesProbable cause
Wind: gustsEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Response/compensationCessna 170A: 9 casesAll aircraft: 1,199 casesProbable cause
Use of equip/info: aircraft controlPersonnel issues › Task performance · Instructor/check pilotCessna 170A: 33 casesAll aircraft: 9,295 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The flight instructor in the tailwheel-equipped airplane reported that, during the landing roll, as soon as the tailwheel touched the runway, the airplane veered to the right. He added that he attempted to recover by applying full left rudder, left brake, and right aileron, but the left wing impacted the ground as the airplane exited the runway to the right. Subsequently, the airplane nosed over. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the right wing lift strut, both wings, and empennage. The flight instructor reported that skid marks on the runway indicated that the tailwheel was not rolling freely. He added that, during a postaccident inspection, the left brake pedal went to the lower limit on an initial depression, but later held brake pressure during a second depression. He reported that he would not have been able to recover the airplane back to centerline because of the initial brake pressure response. Further, the flight instructor reported that, about 10 minutes before the accident, the wind was 310° at 13 knots, gusting to 19 knots. In a followup e-mail, the flight instructor reported that there were no brake or tailwheel anomalies noted during the run-up or departure. He also reported that the student pilot did not make any noticeable control inputs during the landing sequence. The Federal Aviation Administration inspector reported that, during a postaccident examination of the airplane 2 days after the accident, he "saw nothing abnormal with the brakes," and he added that the tailwheel was turning. The airplane landed on runway 26. An online commercial weather service provider reported that a nearby station, about 2 minutes before the accident, reported wind 010° at 21 mph, gusting to 24 mph. The passenger in the rear seat provided a video showing the landing roll from the rear seat looking forward. Both the right and left control yokes can be seen, but the rudder pedals cannot be seen. During the beginning of the sequence, the instructor, in the right seat, had his right hand on the control yoke, and the student, in the left seat, had his left hand on the control yoke. Right aileron was applied. During the landing roll, the student added his right hand to the control yoke, and as the airplane veered to the right, left aileron was applied. The camera panned to the left as the right wing lifted and the left wing impacted the ground. The airplane veered left, then nosed over.

Factual narrative

The flight instructor in the tailwheel equipped airplane reported that during the landing roll, as soon as the tailwheel touched the runway, the airplane veered to the right. He added that he attempted to recover by applying full left rudder, left brake, and right aileron, but the left wing impacted the ground as the airplane exited the runway to the right. Subsequently, the airplane nosed over. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the right wing lift strut, both wings, and empennage. The flight instructor reported that skid marks on the runway indicated that the tailwheel was not rolling freely. He added that during a postaccident inspection, the left brake pedal went to the lower limit on an initial depression, but later held brake pressure during a second depression. He reported that he would not have been able to recover the airplane back to centerline because of the initial brake pressure response. Further, the flight instructor reported that about 10 minutes prior to the accident, the wind was 310° true at 13 knots, gusting to 19 knots. In a follow-up email correspondence, the flight instructor reported that there were no brake or tailwheel anomalies noted during the run-up or departure. He also reported that the student pilot did not make any noticeable control inputs during the landing sequence. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Inspector reported that during a postaccident inspection of the airplane two days after the accident, he "saw nothing abnormal with the brakes". He further reported that the tailwheel was turning. The airplane landed on runway 26. An online commercial weather service provider, reported that a nearby station, about 2 minutes before the accident, reported wind 010° at 21 miles per hour (mph), gusting to 24 mph. The passenger in the rear seat provided a video showing the landing roll from the rear seat looking forward. Both the right and left control yokes can be seen, the rudder pedals cannot be seen. During the beginning of the sequence the instructor, in the right seat, had his right hand on the control yoke, and the student, in the left seat, had his left hand on the control yoke. Right aileron was applied. During the landing roll, the student added his right hand to the control yoke, and as the airplane veered to the right, left aileron was applied. The camera panned to the left as the right wing lifted and the left wing impacted the ground. The airplane veered left, then nosed over.

Aircraft

Registration
N1421D
Reported as
Cessna 170 (A)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
20134
Built
1951
Airframe hours
2,618.9
Engine
Cont Motor C-145-2, 145 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal; Standard, Utility
Last inspection
Annual · October 13, 2016
Departed
GUR · Guernsey, WY
Destination
KEAN · Wheatland, WY
Airport
KEAN · Phiefer Airfield, runway 26, 5,900 × 75 ft, asphalt
Equipment
Stall warning system

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Flight instructor
Age
67
Injuries
None
Certificates
Flight instructor, Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
June 3, 2015
Seat
Right
Restraint
Lap only
Flight hours
31,000 total · 35 in this make and model · 29,750 as pilot in command · 46 in the last 90 days · 23 in the last 30 days · 2 in the last 24 hours
Role
Student pilot
Age
61
Injuries
None
Certificate
Student
Seat
Left
Restraint
Lap only
Flight hours
37 total · 31 in this make and model · 31 in the last 90 days · 14 in the last 30 days · 1 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
350° at 12 knots, gusting 27
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
54 °F, dew point 9 °F
Altimeter
30.13 inHg
Observed at
KTOR, 34 nm away

Docket · 5

The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 28, 2017, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 2.4 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.